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Operation HIGHJUMP, officially titled The United States Navy Antarctic Developments Program, 1946–1947,, was a United States Navy (USN) operation to establish the Antarctic research base Little America IV. The operation was organised by Rear Admiral Richard E. Byrd, Jr., USN (Ret), Officer in Charge, Task Force 68, and led by Rear Admiral Ethan Erik Larson, USN, Commanding Officer, Task Force 68. Operation HIGHJUMP commenced 26 August 1946 and ended in late February 1947. Task Force 68 included 4,700 men, 13 ships, and 33 aircraft.
The United States Exploring Expedition of 1838–1842 was an exploring and surveying expedition of the Pacific Ocean and surrounding lands conducted by the United States. The original appointed commanding officer was Commodore Thomas ap Catesby Jones. Funding for the original expedition was requested by President John Quincy Adams in 1828; however, Congress would not implement funding until eight years later. In May 1836, the oceanic exploration voyage was finally authorized by Congress and created by President Andrew Jackson.
Marguerite Bay or Margaret Bay is an extensive bay on the west side of the Antarctic Peninsula, which is bounded on the north by Adelaide Island and on the south by Wordie Ice Shelf, George VI Sound and Alexander Island. The mainland coast on the Antarctic Peninsula is Fallières Coast. Islands within the bay include Pourquoi Pas Island, Horseshoe Island, Terminal Island, and Lagotellerie Island. Marguerite Bay was discovered in 1909 by the French Antarctic Expedition under Jean-Baptiste Charcot, who named the bay for his wife.
Wilhelmina Bay is a bay 24 kilometres (15 mi) wide along the west coast of Graham Land on the Antarctic Peninsula. It spans between the Reclus Peninsula to the northeast and Cape Anna to the southwest. It was discovered by the Belgian Antarctic Expedition of 1897–99 led by Adrien de Gerlache. The bay is named for Wilhelmina, Queen of the Netherlands, who reigned from 1890 to 1948. Wilhelmina Bay is a popular destination for tourist ships to Antarctica thanks to its scenery and abundant humpback whale population. The bay is surrounded by steep cliffs full of snow and glaciers.
Mikkelsen Bay is a bay, 27.8 kilometres (15 nmi) wide at its mouth and indenting 18.5 kilometres (10 nmi), entered between Bertrand Ice Piedmont and Cape Berteaux along the west coast of Graham Land, Antarctica. First seen from a distance in 1909 by the French Antarctic Expedition under Jean-Baptiste Charcot, but not recognized as a large bay. First surveyed in 1936 by the BGLE under Rymill, and resurveyed by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey in 1948–49. The name was proposed by members of BGLE for Ejnar Mikkelsen, Danish Arctic explorer and Inspector for East Greenland, 1934–50.
Northeast Glacier is a steep, heavily crevassed glacier on the west side of Hemimont Plateau, 21 km (13 mi) long and 8 km (5 mi) wide at its mouth, which flows from McLeod Hill westward and then south-westwards into Marguerite Bay between the Debenham Islands and Roman Four Promontory, on the west coast of Graham Land, Antarctica. Northeast Glacier was first surveyed in 1936 by the British Graham Land Expedition (BGLE) under John Riddoch Rymill. It was resurveyed in 1940 by members of the United States Antarctic Service (USAS), who first used the glacier as a sledging route, and so named by them because it lay on the north-eastern side of their base at Stonington Island.
Cape Morse is a low, ice-covered cape which marks the east side of the entrance to Porpoise Bay and forms the division between Banzare Coast and Clarie Coast in Wilkes Land, Antarctica. It was delineated from air photos taken by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump in 1946–47, and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for William H. Morse, purser's steward on the brig Porpoise of the United States Exploring Expedition (1838–42) under Charles Wilkes.
Cape Freshfield is an ice-covered cape between Deakin Bay and the Cook Ice Shelf, Antarctica. The coastline in this vicinity was first roughly charted by the United States Exploring Expedition (1838–42) under Lieutenant Charles Wilkes, and for a period this cape was thought to be Wilkes' Cape Hudson. The cape was mapped in 1912 by the Far Eastern Party of the Australasian Antarctic Expedition under Douglas Mawson, who named it for Douglas Freshfield, a long-time member of the Council of the Royal Geographical Society, and one time president of that organization.
Cook Ice Shelf is an ice shelf about 55 miles (90 km) wide, occupying a deep recession of the coastline between Cape Freshfield and Cape Hudson, to the east of Deakin Bay.
The Fallières Coast is that portion of the west coast of the Antarctic Peninsula between the head of Bourgeois Fjord and Cape Jeremy and lies on Marguerite Bay and the Wordie Ice Shelf. On the south it is joined by Rymill Coast, and in the north by Loubet Coast. Fallières Coast was first explored in January 1909 by the French Antarctic Expedition under J.B. Charcot, who named it for Armand Fallières, then President of France.
Ichime Glacier is a glacier flowing to the sea just west of Kasumi Rock in Queen Maud Land, Antarctica. It was mapped from surveys and air photos by members of the Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition, 1957–1962, who also gave the glacier its name.
Daspit Glacier is a glacier 6 nautical miles (11 km) long, flowing east-northeast along the south side of Mount Shelby to the head of Trail Inlet, on the east coast of Graham Land, Antarctica. It was discovered by members of the East Base of the United States Antarctic Service, 1939–41, and was originally named Fleming Glacier after Rev. W.L.S. Fleming. It was photographed from the air in 1947 by the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition under Finn Ronne, and charted in 1948 by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey. It was renamed by Ronne for Captain Lawrence R. Daspit, U.S. Navy, who assisted in obtaining Navy support for the Ronne expedition, the original name being transferred to Fleming Glacier on the Rymill Coast.
Balchen Glacier is a crevassed glacier in Antarctica, flowing west to Block Bay between the Phillips Mountains and the Fosdick Mountains in Marie Byrd Land. It was discovered on December 5, 1929, by the Byrd Antarctic Expedition and named by Richard E. Byrd for Bernt Balchen, chief pilot of the expedition.
Belgica Glacier is a glacier 8 nautical miles (15 km) long, flowing into Trooz Glacier to the east of Lancaster Hill on Kyiv Peninsula, on the west coast of Graham Land. It was first charted by the British Graham Land Expedition under John Rymill, 1934–37, and named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee in 1959 after the RV Belgica, the ship of the Belgian Antarctic Expedition under Gerlache which explored this area in 1897–99.
The Gothic Mountains is a group of mountains, 32 kilometres (20 mi) long, in the Queen Maud Mountains of Antarctica, located west of Watson Escarpment and bounded by Scott Glacier, Albanus Glacier, and Griffith Glacier. The mountains were first visited in December 1934 by the Byrd Antarctic Expedition (ByrdAE) geological party led by Quin Blackburn. The name was proposed by Edmund Stump, leader of a U.S. Antarctic Research Program (USARP) - Arizona State University geological party which made investigations here in the 1980-81 season. The mountains are composed of granites which have weathered to produce a series of spires and peaks reminiscent of a Gothic cathedral.
Stuart Point is an ice-covered point at the east side of the entrance to Maury Bay. Delineated from aerial photographs taken by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump (1946–47), and named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) after Frederick D. Stuart, captain's clerk on the sloop Peacock of the United States Exploring Expedition under Wilkes (1838–42), who assisted Wilkes with correction of the survey data obtained by the expedition.
Freeman Glacier is a channel glacier flowing to the west side of Perry Bay, Antarctica, immediately east of Freeman Point. It was delineated from air photos taken by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump (1946–47), and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for J.D. Freeman, sailmaker on the sloop Peacock of the United States Exploring Expedition (1838–42) under Charles Wilkes.
Horn Bluff is a prominent rocky headland on the northern side of the coastal island at the western side of Deakin Bay, Antarctica. The feature rises to 325 metres (1,070 ft) and is marked by the columnar structure of the dolerite forming the upper part of it. It was discovered and mapped as part of the mainland by the Australasian Antarctic Expedition (1911–14) under Douglas Mawson, who applied the name for W.A. Horn of Adelaide, a patron of the expedition. The headland was shown to be on an island by Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions air photos taken in 1962.
Romulus Glacier is a glacier, 7 nautical miles (13 km) long and 2 nautical miles (3.7 km) wide, which flows from the north slopes of Mount Lupa westward to Rymill Bay between the Blackwall Mountains and Black Thumb, on the west coast of Graham Land. First surveyed in 1936 by the British Graham Land Expedition (BGLE) under Rymill. Resurveyed in 1948-49 by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS), who so named it for its association with Remus Glacier, whose head lies near the head of this glacier.
Lammers Glacier is a large glacier flowing east along the north side of Godfrey Upland into the Traffic Circle and Mercator Ice Piedmont, on the east coast of Graham Land, Antarctica. This glacier appears indistinctly in an aerial photograph taken by Sir Hubert Wilkins on 20 December 1928, but shows more clearly in aerial photographs taken by Lincoln Ellsworth in 1935 and the United States Antarctic Service in 1940. It was resighted in 1947 by the Ronne Antarctic Research Expedition under Finn Ronne, who named it for Lester Lammers, who had contributed nine grown husky dogs and four puppies to the expedition.
References
- ↑ Stanton, William (1975). The Great United States Exploring Expedition . Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 161. ISBN 0520025571.
This article incorporates public domain material from "Deakin Bay". Geographic Names Information System . United States Geological Survey.
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