Article One of the Constitution of the United States establishes the legislative branch of the federal government,the United States Congress. Under Article One,Congress is a bicameral legislature consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate. Article One grants Congress various enumerated powers and the ability to pass laws "necessary and proper" to carry out those powers. Article One also establishes the procedures for passing a bill and places various limits on the powers of Congress and the states from abusing their powers.
The Twenty-fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution prohibits both Congress and the states from requiring the payment of a poll tax or any other tax to vote in federal elections. The amendment was proposed by Congress to the states on August 27,1962,and was ratified by the states on January 23,1964.
The Flag Desecration Amendment is a proposed addition to the Constitution of the United States that would allow the U.S. Congress to prohibit by statute and provide punishment for the physical "desecration" of the flag of the United States. The concept of flag desecration continues to provoke a heated debate over protecting a national symbol,preserving free speech,and upholding the liberty said to be represented by that national symbol. While the proposal passed by the two-thirds majority required in the House of Representatives several times,in each instance it failed to attain the same required super-majority in the Senate,or was never voted upon in the Senate at all.
Budget reconciliation is a special parliamentary procedure of the United States Congress set up to expedite the passage of certain federal budget legislation in the Senate. The procedure overrides the Senate's filibuster rules,which may otherwise require a 60-vote supermajority for passage. Bills described as reconciliation bills can pass the Senate by a simple majority of 51 votes or 50 votes plus the vice president's as the tie-breaker. The reconciliation procedure also applies to the House of Representatives,but it has minor significance there,as the rules of the House of Representatives do not have a de facto supermajority requirement. Because of greater polarization,gridlock,and filibustering in the Senate in recent years,budget reconciliation has come to play an important role in how the United States Congress legislates.
The Constitution of the State of Texas is the document that establishes the structure and function of the government of the U.S. state of Texas and enumerates the basic rights of the citizens of Texas.
The Constitution of the State of Michigan is the governing document of the U.S. state of Michigan. It describes the structure and function of the state's government.
William John "Jack" Hughes was an American politician and diplomat who served as a Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives from 1975 to 1995,representing New Jersey's Second Congressional District which includes major portions of the Jersey Shore and Pine Barrens,the cities of Vineland and Atlantic City,and the counties of Salem,Cumberland,Atlantic,Cape May and part of Gloucester. After retiring from Congress in 1995,Hughes was appointed by President Bill Clinton as United States Ambassador to Panama,a post he held until October,1998 leading up to the historic turnover of the Panama Canal to Panamanian control.
The Tennessee Marriage Protection Amendment,also known as Tennessee Amendment 1 of 2006,is a state constitutional amendment banning same-sex unions. The referendum was approved by 81% of voters. It specified that only a marriage between a man and a woman could be legally recognized in the state of Tennessee. This prohibited same-sex marriages within the state,reinforcing previously existing statutes to the same effect until it was overturned by the Obergefell v. Hodges ruling in June 2015.
In the United States,increased restrictions and labeling of cannabis as a poison began in many states from 1906 onward,and outright prohibitions began in the 1920s. By the mid-1930s cannabis was regulated as a drug in every state,including 35 states that adopted the Uniform State Narcotic Drug Act. The first national regulation was the Marihuana Tax Act of 1937.
The 2007 Texas constitutional amendment election took place 6 November 2007.
The Affordable Health Care for America Act was a bill that was crafted by the United States House of Representatives of the 111th United States Congress on October 29,2009. The bill was sponsored by Representative Charles Rangel. At the encouragement of the Obama administration,the 111th Congress devoted much of its time to enacting reform of the United States' health care system. Known as the "House bill",HR 3962 was the House of Representatives' chief legislative proposal during the health reform debate.
Gun laws in Missouri regulate the sale,possession and use of firearms and ammunition in the state of Missouri in the United States.
Daniel Timothy Kildee is an American politician serving as a U.S. representative from Michigan since 2013,representing the state's 8th congressional district since 2023. A member of the Democratic Party,he previously served as the Genesee County Treasurer from 1996 to 2013,before succeeding his uncle,Dale Kildee,in Congress. From 1977 to 2009,Kildee was a municipal elected official. On November 16,2023,he announced he would not seek re-election in 2024.
Raymond Wesley Rodrigues is the 12th chancellor of the State University System of Florida since 2023. Previously,he served four terms in the Florida House of Representatives,representing southern and coastal Lee County from 2012 to 2020 and one term in the Florida Senate from 2020 to 2022. His campaign website describes him as conservative.
Jeff Irwin is an American activist,progressive and politician serving as a member of the Michigan Senate. A member of the Democratic Party,he served on the Washtenaw County Board of Commissioners from 1999 to 2010,and in the Michigan House of Representatives from 2011 to 2017.
The Florida Medical Marijuana Legalization Initiative,also known as Amendment 2,was approved by voters in the Tuesday,November 8,2016,general election in the State of Florida. The bill required a super-majority vote to pass,with at least 60% of voters voting for support of a state constitutional amendment. Florida already had a medical marijuana law in place,but only for those who are terminally ill and with less than a year left to live. The goal of Amendment 2 is to alleviate those suffering from these medical conditions:cancer,epilepsy,glaucoma,positive status for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV),acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS),post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD),amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS),Crohn's disease,Parkinson's disease,multiple sclerosis,chronic nonmalignant pain caused by a qualifying medical condition or that originates from a qualified medical condition or other debilitating medical conditions comparable to those listed. Under Amendment 2,the medical marijuana will be given to the patient if the physician believes that the medical use of marijuana would likely outweigh the potential health risks for a patient. Smoking the medication was not allowed under a statute passed by the Florida State Legislature,however this ban was struck down by Leon County Circuit Court Judge Karen Gievers on May 25,2018.
Mark Nicholas Fisher is an American politician who represents District 27C in the Maryland House of Delegates,which covers parts of Calvert County. He previously represented District 27B from 2011 to 2015. He also hosts a podcast called Mark and the Millennials,which explores the divide between conservative millennials and the baby boomer generation.
With regard to the Arab–Israeli conflict,many supporters of the State of Israel have often advocated or implemented anti-BDS laws,which effectively seek to retaliate against people and organizations engaged in boycotts of Israel-affiliated entities. Most organized boycotts of Israel have been led by Palestinians and other Arabs with support from much of the Muslim world. Since the Second Intifada in particular,these efforts have primarily been coordinated at an international level by the Palestinian-led BDS movement,which seeks to mount as much economic pressure on Israel as possible until the Israeli government allows an independent Palestinian state to be established. Anti-BDS laws are designed to make it difficult for anti-Israel people and organizations to participate in boycotts;anti-BDS legal resolutions are symbolic and non-binding parliamentary condemnations,either of boycotts of Israel or of the BDS movement itself. Generally,such condemnations accuse BDS of closeted antisemitism,charging it with pushing a double standard and lobbying for the de-legitimization of Israeli sovereignty,and are often followed by laws targeting boycotts of Israel.
Patrick Outman is an American politician from Michigan. A member of the Republican,he is a member of the Michigan House of Representatives from the 91st district. First elected in 2020,he the state House on January 1,2021.
Kentucky Amendment 2 was a rejected legislatively referred constitutional amendment to the Kentucky Constitution,which was voted on as part of the 2022 elections. If enacted,the amendment would have declared that nothing in the Kentucky Constitution could be construed to protect a right to an abortion or public funding of an abortion.
