Planning permission

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One57, a skyscraper in New York City, under construction. Such a development would have gone through stringent checks against the local building code before planning permission was granted. One57 under construction 3 November 2012.jpeg
One57, a skyscraper in New York City, under construction. Such a development would have gone through stringent checks against the local building code before planning permission was granted.

Planning permission or developmental approval refers to the approval needed for construction or expansion (including significant renovation), and sometimes for demolition, in some jurisdictions. [1] [2] It is usually given in the form of a building permit (or construction permit).

Contents

House building permits, for example, are subject to building codes. There is also a "plan check" (PLCK) to check compliance with plans for the area, if any. [3] For example, one cannot obtain permission to build a nightclub in an area where it is inappropriate such as a high-density suburb. [4] [5] The criteria for planning permission are a part of urban planning and construction law, and are usually managed by town planners employed by local governments. [6] [7]

Failure to obtain a permit can result in fines, penalties, and demolition of unauthorized construction if it cannot be made to meet code.

Generally, the new construction must be inspected during construction and after completion to ensure compliance with national, regional, and local building codes.

Since building permits usually precede outlays for construction, employment, financing and furnishings, they are often used as a leading indicator for developments in other areas of the economy.

In specific industries

Broadcasting

As part of broadcast law, the term is also used in broadcasting, where individual radio and television stations typically must apply for and receive permission to construct radio towers and radio antennas. This type of permit is issued by a national broadcasting authority, but does not imply zoning any other permission that must be given by local government. The permit itself also does not necessarily imply permission to operate the station once constructed. In the U.S., a construction permit is valid for three years. Afterwards, the station must receive a full license to operate, which is good for seven years. [8] This is provided by a separate broadcast license, also called a "license to cover" by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in the United States. Further permission or registration for towers may be needed from aviation authorities.

In the U.S., construction permits for new commercial stations are now assigned by auction, rather than the former process of determining who would serve the community of license best. If the given frequency allocation is sought by at least one non-commercial educational (NCE) applicant, or is on an NCE-reserved TV channel or in the FM reserved band, the comparative process still takes place, though the FCC refuses to consider which radio format the applicants propose.

In Canada, the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission maintains a comparative process in issuing permits, ensuring that a variety of programming is available in each area, and that as many groups as possible have access to free speech over radio waves.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Citizens band radio</span> Land mobile radio system

Citizens band radio, used in many countries, is a land mobile radio system, a system allowing short-distance one-to-many bidirectional voice communication among individuals, using two-way radios operating near 27 MHz in the high frequency or shortwave band. Citizens band is distinct from other personal radio service allocations such as FRS, GMRS, MURS, UHF CB and the Amateur Radio Service. In many countries, CB operation does not require a license, and may be used for business or personal communications.

WGHR was a noncommercial radio station operated solely by the students of Southern Polytechnic State University in Marietta, Georgia, United States. The station was supported by students and its listeners with diverse programming from a wide variety of genres.

A non-commercial educational station is a radio station or television station that does not accept on-air advertisements, as defined in the United States by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and was originally intended to offer educational programming as part, or whole, of its programming. NCE stations do not pay broadcast license fees for their non-profit uses of the radio spectrum. Stations which are almost always operated as NCE include public broadcasting, community radio, and college radio, as well as many religious broadcasting stations. Nearly all Non-Commercial radio stations derive their support from listener support, grants and endowments, such as the governmental entity Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB) that distributes supporting funds provided by the congress to support Public Radio.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Family Radio Service</span> An improved walkie-talkie radio system in the United States

The Family Radio Service (FRS) is an improved walkie-talkie radio system authorized in the United States since 1996. This personal radio service uses channelized frequencies around 462 and 467 MHz in the ultra high frequency (UHF) band. It does not suffer the interference effects found on citizens' band (CB) at 27 MHz, or the 49 MHz band also used by cordless telephones, toys, and baby monitors. FRS uses frequency modulation (FM) instead of amplitude modulation (AM). Since the UHF band has different radio propagation characteristics, short-range use of FRS may be more predictable than the more powerful license-free radios operating in the HF CB band.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Planning permission in the United Kingdom</span> Overview of planning permission in the UK

Planning permission in the United Kingdom is the planning permission required in the United Kingdom in order to be allowed to build on land, or change the use of land or buildings. Within the UK the occupier of any land or building will need title to that land or building, but will also need "planning title" or planning permission. Planning title was granted for all pre-existing uses and buildings by the Town and Country Planning Act 1947, which came into effect on 1 July 1948. Since that date any new "development" has required planning permission. "Development" as defined by law consists of any building, engineering or mining operation, or the making of a material change of use in any land or building. Certain types of operation such as routine maintenance of an existing building are specifically excluded from the definition of development. Specified categories of minor or insignificant development are granted an automatic planning permission by law, and therefore do not require any application for planning permission. These categories are referred to as permitted development.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">General Mobile Radio Service</span> Land-mobile FM UHF radio service for short-distance two-way communications

The General Mobile Radio Service (GMRS) is a land-mobile FM UHF radio service designed for short-range two-way voice communication and authorized under part 95 of the US FCC code. It requires a license in the United States, but some GMRS compatible equipment can be used license-free in Canada. The US GMRS license is issued for a period of 10 years by the FCC. The United States permits use by adult individuals who possess a valid GMRS license, as well as their immediate family members. Immediate relatives of the GMRS system licensee are entitled to communicate among themselves for personal or business purposes, but employees of the licensee who are not family members are not covered by the license. Non-family members must be licensed separately.

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A travelers' information station (TIS), also called highway advisory radio (HAR) by the United States Department of Transportation, is a licensed low-powered non-commercial radio station, used to broadcast information to the general public, including for motorists regarding travel, destinations of interest, and situations of imminent danger and emergencies. They are commonly operated by transportation departments, national and local parks departments and historic sites, airport authorities, local governments, federal agencies, colleges and universities, hospitals and health agencies, and for special events and destinations.

A broadcast license is a type of spectrum license granting the licensee permission to use a portion of the radio frequency spectrum in a given geographical area for broadcasting purposes. The licenses generally include restrictions, which vary from band to band.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">WLZL</span> Radio station in College Park, Maryland

WLZL is a commercial radio station licensed to serve College Park, Maryland. The station is owned by Audacy, Inc. through licensee Audacy License, LLC and broadcasts a Spanish/English rhythmic contemporary format. Studios are located in Washington, D.C. while the station's broadcast tower is located east of Crofton, Maryland at.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Amateur radio international operation</span> Operating an amateur radio station in another country

Amateur radio international reciprocal operating agreements permit amateur radio operators (hams) from one country to operate a station whilst traveling in another without the need to obtain additional licenses or permits.

Development Management, formerly known as planning control, or development control, is the element of the United Kingdom's system of town and country planning through which local government or the Secretary of State, regulates land use and new building, i.e. development. It relies on a "plan-led system" whereby development plans are produced, involving various stages of public consultation prior to being adopted. Subsequently, development that requires planning permission, which is granted or refused with reference to the development plan as the starting point, then other material considerations are taken into account. The term "development management" is often abbreviated to DM.

WNYI is a religious television station licensed to Ithaca, New York, United States, serving the Elmira, Binghamton and Syracuse television markets as an owned-and-operated station of the Daystar Television Network. The station's transmitter is located on Quarry Road in Moravia, New York. It shares its channel and tower with co-owned WDSS-LD, a low-power translator station that previously broadcast on UHF channel 38 from a transmitter in Onondaga.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">KZOT</span> Radio station in Bellevue, Nebraska

KZOT is a commercial radio station licensed to Bellevue, Nebraska, and serving the Omaha metropolitan area. The station is owned by NRG Media and the license is held by NRG License Sub, LLC. It airs a sports radio format, with programming from CBS Sports Radio. Studios are at Dodge Street and 50th Avenue in Midtown Omaha.

WRTE is an American radio station broadcasting a public radio / jazz format. It is licensed to Chicago, Illinois, United States, and serves the city of Chicago. The station is owned by Chicago Public Media. WRTE broadcasts in the HD Radio format.

Building officials of developed countries are generally the jurisdictional administrator of building and construction codes, engineering calculation supervision, permits, facilities management, and accepted construction procedures.

The general radiotelephone operator license (GROL) is a license granted by the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) that is required to operate certain radio equipment. It is required for any person who adjusts, maintains, or internally repairs FCC licensed radiotelephone transmitters in the aviation, maritime, and international fixed public radio services. It is also required to operate any compulsorily equipped ship radiotelephone station with more than 1,500 watts of peak envelope power, a voluntarily equipped ship, or an aeronautical station with more than 1,000 watts of peak envelope power. The GROL is not required for engineering jobs in radio and television broadcasting. It is obtained by taking a test demonstrating an adequate knowledge of the technical and legal aspects of safe radio operation.

KTLX is a Christian radio station licensed to Columbus, Nebraska. The station is owned by TLC Educational Corporation.

KKXA is a commercial radio station licensed to Snohomish, Washington and serving the Seattle metropolitan area. The station's broadcast license is held by CAAM Partnership, LLC., an entity controlled by the Skotdal family, which also publishes the Everett Post newspaper. The KKXA studios are shared with sister station AM 1380 KRKO at the Key Tower building in downtown Everett, Washington. The transmitter is off Short School Road in Snohomish. KKXA airs a classic country radio format.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">British Columbia Commercial Vehicle Safety and Enforcement</span>

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References

  1. Harwood, Richard (24 September 2015). Planning Permission. International Specialized Book Services. ISBN   9781780434919 . Retrieved 5 March 2017.
  2. "Planning permission - GOV.UK". www.gov.uk. UK Government. Retrieved 18 February 2017.
  3. "Demolition Plan Check/Permit Application" (PDF). Santa Monica. 2017-06-05. Retrieved 2020-01-27.
  4. "How Do I Get Planning Permission in NSW? - The Design Partnership". thedesignpartnership.com.au. Retrieved 18 February 2017.
  5. "Planning permissions and liquor licences". www.vcglr.vic.gov.au. Retrieved 18 February 2017.
  6. Portal, Planning. "Do you need permission? | Planning Portal". www.planningportal.co.uk. Retrieved 18 February 2017.
  7. Planning, Department of Environment, Land, Water and. "Planning applications". www.dtpli.vic.gov.au. Retrieved 18 February 2017.
  8. Construction Permits Radio-Locator.com