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Epistemology is the branch of philosophy that examines the nature,origin,and limits of knowledge. Also called theory of knowledge,it explores different types of knowledge,such as propositional knowledge about facts,practical knowledge in the form of skills,and knowledge by acquaintance as a familiarity through experience. Epistemologists study the concepts of belief,truth,and justification to understand the nature of knowledge. To discover how knowledge arises,they investigate sources of justification,such as perception,introspection,memory,reason,and testimony.
Applied philosophy is a branch of philosophy that studies philosophical problems of practical concern. The topic covers a broad spectrum of issues in environment,medicine,science,engineering,policy,law,politics,economics and education. The term was popularised in 1982 by the founding of the Society for Applied Philosophy by Brenda Almond,and its subsequent journal publication Journal of Applied Philosophy edited by Elizabeth Brake. Methods of applied philosophy are similar to other philosophical methods including questioning,dialectic,critical discussion,rational argument,systematic presentation,thought experiments and logical argumentation.
Michael A. Slote is a professor of ethics at the University of Miami and an author of a number of books.
Linda Trinkaus Zagzebski is an American philosopher. She is the Emerita George Lynn Cross Research Professor,as well as Emerita Kingfisher College Chair of the Philosophy of Religion and Ethics,at the University of Oklahoma. She writes in the areas of epistemology,philosophy of religion,and virtue theory.
Virtue epistemology is a current philosophical approach to epistemology that stresses the importance of intellectual and specifically epistemic virtues. Virtue epistemology evaluates knowledge according to the properties of the persons who hold beliefs in addition to or instead of the properties of the propositions and beliefs. Some advocates of virtue epistemology also adhere to theories of virtue ethics,while others see only loose analogy between virtue in ethics and virtue in epistemology.
Sandra G. Harding is an American philosopher of feminist and postcolonial theory,epistemology,research methodology,and philosophy of science. She directed the UCLA Center for the Study of Women from 1996 to 2000,and co-edited Signs:Journal of Women in Culture and Society from 2000 to 2005. She is currently a Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Education and Gender Studies at UCLA and a Distinguished Affiliate Professor of Philosophy at Michigan State University. In 2013 she was awarded the John Desmond Bernal Prize by the Society for the Social Studies of Science (4S).
Standpoint theory,also known as standpoint epistemology,is a foundational framework in feminist social theory that examines how individuals' unique perspectives,shaped by their social and political experiences,influence their understanding of the world. Standpoint theory proposes that authority is rooted in individuals' personal knowledge and perspectives and the power that such authority exerts.
Metaepistemology is the branch of epistemology and metaphilosophy that studies the underlying assumptions made in debates in epistemology,including those concerning the existence and authority of epistemic facts and reasons,the nature and aim of epistemology,and the methodology of epistemology.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to epistemology:
Epistemology or theory of knowledge is the branch of philosophy concerned with the nature and scope (limitations) of knowledge. It addresses the questions "What is knowledge?","How is knowledge acquired?","What do people know?","How do we know what we know?",and "Why do we know what we know?". Much of the debate in this field has focused on analyzing the nature of knowledge and how it relates to similar notions such as truth,belief,and justification. It also deals with the means of production of knowledge,as well as skepticism about different knowledge claims.
Feminist epistemology is an examination of epistemology from a feminist standpoint.
Miranda Fricker,FBA FAAS is a British philosopher who is Professor of Philosophy at New York University,co-director of the New York Institute of Philosophy,and honorary professor at the University of Sheffield. Fricker coined the term epistemic injustice.
Analytical feminism is a line of philosophy that applies analytic concepts and methods to feminist issues and applies feminist concepts and insights to issues that have traditionally been of interest to analytic philosophers. Like all feminists,analytical feminists insist on recognizing and contesting sexism and androcentrism.
Elizabeth Secor Anderson is an American philosopher. She is Arthur F. Thurnau Professor and John Dewey Distinguished University Professor of Philosophy and Women's Studies at the University of Michigan and specializes in political philosophy,ethics,and feminist philosophy.
Naomi Scheman is a Professor of Philosophy and Gender,Women's and Sexuality Studies at the University of Minnesota. She is also a guest professor at the UmeåCenter for Gender Studies in Sweden. Scheman was one of the first scholars to bring Wittgenstein's thoughts in to feminist philosophy.
Miriam Solomon is Professor of Philosophy and Chair of the Philosophy Department as well as Affiliated Professor of Women's Studies at Temple University. Solomon's work focuses on the philosophy of science,social epistemology,medical epistemology,medical ethics,and gender and science. Besides her academic appointments,she has published two books and a large number of peer reviewed journal articles,and she has served on the editorial boards of a number of major journals.
Jennifer Lackey is an American academic;she is the Wayne and Elizabeth Jones Professor of Philosophy at Northwestern University. Lackey is known for her research in epistemology,especially on testimony,disagreement,memory,the norms of assertion,and virtue epistemology. She is the author of Learning from Words:Testimony as a Source of Knowledge and of numerous articles and book chapters. She is also co-editor of The Epistemology of Testimony and The Epistemology of Disagreement:New Essays.
Laura Ruetsche is an American philosopher focusing on the foundations of quantum physics,feminist philosophy and philosophy of science. Ruetsche is a Professor and Chair of the department of philosophy at the University of Michigan. Her book,Interpreting Quantum Theories:The Art of the Possiblewas published in 2011 and received the 2013 Lakatos Award. She has also published on a diverse array of topics,exploring,among other things,philosophically salient differences between non-relativistic quantum mechanics and quantum field theory,modal semantics for quantum physics and virtue-epistemological theories of warrant. She is the partner of Gordon Belot also at the philosophy department of the University of Michigan.
Feminist philosophy of science is a branch of feminist philosophy that seeks to understand how the acquirement of knowledge through scientific means has been influenced by notions of gender identity and gender roles in society. Feminist philosophers of science question how scientific research and scientific knowledge itself may be influenced and possibly compromised by the social and professional framework within which that research and knowledge is established and exists. The intersection of gender and science allows feminist philosophers to reexamine fundamental questions and truths in the field of science to reveal how gender biases may influence scientific outcomes. The feminist philosophy of science has been described as being located "at the intersections of the philosophy of science and feminist science scholarship" and has attracted considerable attention since the 1980s.
Mona Simion is a philosopher. She is professor of philosophy at the University of Glasgow where she is also deputy director of the COGITO Epistemology Research Centre. Simion's work focuses on issues in epistemology,ethics,the philosophy of language,and feminist philosophy.
References
- 1 2 3 4 "UAH - College of Arts, Humanities, & Social Sciences - Faculty & Staff - The University of Alabama in Huntsville". www.uah.edu.
- ↑ "Past Central Division Officers". www.apaonline.org.
- ↑ "The Southwestern Philosophical Society – Website for Southwestern Philosophical Society. Pluralistic in philosophical orientation, SWPS sponsors a refereed, annual conference and scholarly journal, the Southwest Philosophy Review".
- ↑ "Placement of Graduates | Philosophy at Illinois". philosophy.illinois.edu.
- ↑ "University of Alabama in Huntsville-Philosophy News" (PDF).
- ↑ "University Committees Reference Manual 2021-2022" (PDF).
- ↑ "UAH - College of Arts, Humanities, & Social Sciences - Faculty & Staff - The University of Alabama in Huntsville". www.uah.edu.
- ↑ Tanesini, Alessandra (January 9, 2011). "Review of Rationality and Feminist Philosophy" – via Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ↑ "Rationality, representation, and race | WorldCat.org".
- ↑ "Towards a liberatory epistemology".
- ↑ Heikes, Deborah K. (April 1, 2015). "Can Mind Be a Virtue?". Southwest Philosophy Review. 31 (1): 119–128. doi:10.5840/swphilreview201531112 – via www.pdcnet.org.
- ↑ Heikes, Deborah K. (September 28, 2016). Heikes, Deborah K. (ed.). Rationality, Representation, and Race. Palgrave Macmillan UK. pp. 199–252. doi:10.1057/978-1-137-59171-5_5 – via Springer Link.
- ↑ Heikes, Deborah K. (April 1, 2009). "Let's be Reasonable: Feminism and Rationality". Southwest Philosophy Review. 25 (1): 127–134. doi:10.5840/swphilreview200925113 – via www.pdcnet.org.
- ↑ Heikes, Deborah K. (February 1, 2004). "The Bias Paradox: Why it's Not Just for Feminists Anymore". Synthese. 138 (3): 315–335. doi:10.1023/B:SYNT.0000016424.47883.b9 – via Springer Link.
- ↑ Heikes, Deborah K. (2015). "Race and the Copernican Turn". The Journal of Mind and Behavior. 36 (3/4): 139–163. JSTOR 43854350 – via JSTOR.
- ↑ Heikes, Deborah K. (September 28, 2017). "On Being Reasonably Different". philpapers.org.
- ↑ Johnson, Rachel A. (October 1, 2017). "Comments on "On Being Reasonably Different"". Southwest Philosophy Review. 33 (2): 27–30. doi:10.5840/swphilreview201733227 – via www.pdcnet.org.
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