December 1899 census
| Ethnicity | number | % |
|---|---|---|
| Romanians | 5,489,296 | 92.2 |
| Jews | 256,588 | 4.3 |
| Others | 210,806 | 3.5 |
| Total [6] | 5,956,690 | 100.0 |
This article presents the demographic history of Romania through census results. See Demographics of Romania for a more detailed overview of the country's present-day demographics.
The 1930 census was the only one to cover Greater Romania. Censuses in 1948, 1956, 1966, 1977, 1992, 2002, and 2011 covered Romania's present-day territory, [1] as does the current 2022 census.
All but the 1948 census, which asked about mother tongue, had a question on ethnicity. Moldavia and Wallachia each held a census in 1859. The Romanian Old Kingdom conducted statistical estimates in 1884, 1889, and 1894, and held censuses in 1899 and 1912. Ion Antonescu's regime also held two: a general one in April 1941, and one for those with "Jewish blood" in May, 1942.
| Religion | number | % |
|---|---|---|
| Romanian Orthodox | 4,198,862 | 94.89 |
| Jewish | 134,168 | 3.03 |
| Roman Catholic | 45,152 | 1.02 |
| Protestant | 28,903 | 0.65 |
| Lipovans | 8,375 | 0.19 |
| Armenians | 8,178 | 0.18 |
| Muslim | 1,323 | 0.03 |
| Total [2] [3] [4] | 4,424,961 | 100.0 |
| Ethnicity | number | % |
|---|---|---|
| Romanians | 4,500,000 | 81.8 |
| Jews | 300,000 | 5.5 |
| Romani | 200,000 | 3.6 |
| Bulgarians | 100,000 | 1.8 |
| Germans | 50,000 | 0.9 |
| Hungarians | 50,000 | 0.9 |
| Armenians | 15,000 | 0.3 |
| Others* | 285,000 | 5.2 |
| Total [5] | 5,500,000 | 100.0 |
| Ethnicity | number | % |
|---|---|---|
| Romanians | 5,489,296 | 92.2 |
| Jews | 256,588 | 4.3 |
| Others | 210,806 | 3.5 |
| Total [6] | 5,956,690 | 100.0 |
| number | % | |
|---|---|---|
| Total [7] | 7,234,919 | 100.0 |
| Ethnicity | number | % |
|---|---|---|
| Romanians | 12,981,324 | 71.9 |
| Hungarians | 1,425,507 | 7.9 |
| Germans | 745,421 | 4.1 |
| Jews | 728,115 | 4.0 |
| Ruthenians and Ukrainians | 582,115 | 3.2 |
| Russians | 409,150 | 2.3 |
| Bulgarians | 366,384 | 2.0 |
| Romani | 262,501 | 1.5 |
| Turks | 154,772 | 0.9 |
| Gagauz | 105,750 | 0.6 |
| Czechs and Slovaks | 51,842 | 0.3 |
| Serbs, Croats and Slovenes | 51,062 | 0.3 |
| Poles | 48,310 | 0.3 |
| Greeks | 26,495 | 0.1 |
| Tatars | 22,141 | 0.1 |
| Armenians | 15,544 | 0.0 |
| Hutsuls | 12,456 | 0.0 |
| Albanians | 4,670 | 0.0 |
| Others | 56,355 | 0.3 |
| Undeclared | 7,114 | 0.0 |
| Total [10] | 18,057,028 | 100.0 |
| number | % | |
|---|---|---|
| Total [11] | 13,535,757 | 100.0 |
| Mother tongue | number | % |
|---|---|---|
| Romanian | 13,597,613 | 85.7 |
| Hungarian | 1,499,851 | 9.4 |
| German | 343,913 | 2.2 |
| Yiddish | 138,795 | 0.9 |
| Romani | 53,425 | 0.3 |
| Serbian, Croatian and Slovenian | 45,447 | 0.3 |
| Russian | 39,332 | 0.2 |
| Ukrainian | 37,582 | 0.2 |
| Czech and Slovak | 35,143 | 0.2 |
| Turkish and Tatar | 28,782 | 0.2 |
| Bulgarian | 13,408 | 0.1 |
| Greek | 8,696 | 0.1 |
| Armenian | 6,987 | 0.0 |
| Polish | 6,753 | 0.0 |
| Albanian | 735 | 0.0 |
| Others | 15,639 | 0.2 |
| Undeclared | 523 | 0.0 |
| Total [12] | 15,872,624 | 100.0 |
| Ethnicity | number | % |
|---|---|---|
| Romanians | 14,996,114 | 85.7 |
| Hungarians | 1,587,675 | 9.1 |
| Germans | 384,708 | 2.2 |
| Jews | 146,264 | 0.8 |
| Romani | 104,216 | 0.6 |
| Ukrainians | 60,479 | 0.4 |
| Serbs, Croats and Slovenes | 46,517 | 0.3 |
| Russians | 38,731 | 0.2 |
| Slovaks | 23,331 | 0.2 |
| Tatars | 20,469 | 0.2 |
| Turks | 14,329 | 0.1 |
| Bulgarians | 12,040 | 0.1 |
| Czechs | 11,821 | 0.0 |
| Greeks | 11,166 | 0.0 |
| Poles | 7,627 | 0.0 |
| Armenians | 6,441 | 0.0 |
| Others | 13,357 | 0.1 |
| Undeclared | 4,165 | 0.0 |
| Total [12] [13] | 17,489,450 | 100.0 |
| Ethnicity | number | % |
|---|---|---|
| Romanians | 16,746,510 | 87.7 |
| Hungarians | 1,619,592 | 8.5 |
| Germans | 382,595 | 2.0 |
| Romani | 64,197 | 0.3 |
| Ukrainians | 54,705 | 0.3 |
| Serbs, Croats and Slovenes | 44,236 | 0.3 |
| Jews | 42,888 | 0.2 |
| Russians | 39,483 | 0.2 |
| Slovaks | 22,221 | 0.1 |
| Tatars | 22,151 | 0.1 |
| Turks | 18,040 | 0.1 |
| Bulgarians | 11,193 | 0.1 |
| Czechs | 9,978 | 0.0 |
| Greeks | 9,088 | 0.0 |
| Poles | 5,860 | 0.0 |
| Armenians | 3,436 | 0.0 |
| Others | 4,681 | 0.0 |
| Undeclared | 2,309 | 0.0 |
| Total [12] [13] | 19,103,163 | 100.0 |
| Ethnicity | number | % |
|---|---|---|
| Romanians | 18,999,565 | 88.1 |
| Hungarians | 1,713,928 | 7.9 |
| Germans | 359,109 | 1.6 |
| Romani | 227,398 | 1.05 |
| Ukrainians | 55,510 | 0.3 |
| Serbs | 34,429 | 0.2 |
| Russians | 32,696 | 0.2 |
| Jews | 24,667 | 0.1 |
| Turks | 23,422 | 0.1 |
| Tatars | 23,369 | 0.1 |
| Slovaks | 21,286 | 0.1 |
| Bulgarians | 10,372 | 0.0 |
| Czechs | 7,683 | 0.0 |
| Croats | 7,500 | 0.0 |
| Greeks | 6,262 | 0.0 |
| Poles | 4,641 | 0.0 |
| Armenians | 2,342 | 0.0 |
| Others | 5,279 | 0.0 |
| Undeclared | 452 | 0.0 |
| Total [12] [13] | 21,559,910 | 100.0 |
| Ethnicity | number | % |
|---|---|---|
| Romanians | 20,408,542 | 89.5 |
| Hungarians | 1,624,959 | 7.1 |
| Romani | 401,087 | 1.8 |
| Germans | 119,462 | 0.5 |
| Ukrainians | 65,472 | 0.3 |
| Russians | 38,606 | 0.2 |
| Turks | 29,832 | 0.1 |
| Serbs | 29,408 | 0.1 |
| Tatars | 24,596 | 0.1 |
| Slovaks | 19,594 | 0.1 |
| Bulgarians | 9,851 | 0.1 |
| Jews | 8,955 | 0.0 |
| Czechs | 5,797 | 0.0 |
| Poles | 4,232 | 0.0 |
| Croats | 4,085 | 0.0 |
| Greeks | 3,940 | 0.0 |
| Armenians | 1,957 | 0.0 |
| Others | 8,894 | 0.0 |
| Undeclared | 766 | 0.0 |
| Total [12] [13] | 22,810,035 | 100.0 |
| Ethnicity | number | % |
|---|---|---|
| Romanians | 19,399,597 | 89.5 |
| Hungarians | 1,431,807 | 6.6 |
| Romani | 535,140 | 2.5 |
| Ukrainians | 61,098 | 0.3 |
| Germans | 59,764 | 0.3 |
| Lipovan Russians | 35,791 | 0.2 |
| Turks | 32,098 | 0.2 |
| Tatars | 23,935 | 0.1 |
| Serbs | 22,561 | 0.1 |
| Slovaks | 17,226 | 0.1 |
| Bulgarians | 8,025 | 0.0 |
| Croats | 6,807 | 0.0 |
| Greeks | 6,472 | 0.0 |
| Jews | 5,785 | 0.0 |
| Czechs | 3,941 | 0.0 |
| Poles | 3,559 | 0.0 |
| Italians | 3,288 | 0.0 |
| Chinese | 2,243 | 0.0 |
| Armenians | 1,780 | 0.0 |
| Csángó | 1,266 | 0.0 |
| Macedonians | 695 | 0.0 |
| Albanians | 477 | 0.0 |
| Rusyns | 257 | 0.0 |
| Krashovani | 206 | 0.0 |
| Slovenes | 202 | 0.0 |
| Others | 15,013 | 0.1 |
| Undeclared | 1,941 | 0.0 |
| Total [14] [15] | 21,680,974 | 100.0 |
| Ethnicity | number | % |
|---|---|---|
| Romanians | 16,792,868 | 88.9 |
| Hungarians | 1,227,623 | 6.5 |
| Romani | 621,573 | 3.3 |
| Ukrainians | 50,920 | 0.3 |
| Germans | 36,042 | 0.2 |
| Turks | 27,698 | 0.1 |
| Lipovan Russians | 23,487 | 0.1 |
| Tatars | 20,282 | 0.1 |
| Serbs | 18,076 | 0.1 |
| Slovaks | 13,654 | 0.1 |
| Bulgarians | 7,336 | 0.0 |
| Croatians | 5,408 | 0.0 |
| Greeks | 3,668 | 0.0 |
| Jews | 3,271 | 0.0 |
| Italians | 3,203 | 0.0 |
| Poles | 2,543 | 0.0 |
| Czechs | 2,477 | 0.0 |
| Chinese | 2,017 | 0.0 |
| Csángó | 1,536 | 0.0 |
| Armenians | 1,361 | 0.0 |
| Macedonians | 1,264 | 0.0 |
| Others | 18,524 | 0.1 |
| Data unavailable | 1,236,810 | 6.1 |
| Total [16] | 20,121,641 | 100.0 |
Ethnic figures for 2011 are given as a percentage of individuals for whom data is available, while the "data unavailable" cohort is given as a percentage of the total population.
The 2021 Romanian census (RPL2021), with the reference day for the census data set at 1 December 2021, [17] was held between February and July 2022, being postponed from its original scheduled year due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Romania. [18] The first provisional results of the RPL2021 published at the end of 2022 show a resident population of Romania of 19,053,815 people. [17]
Demographic features of the population of Romania include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations, and other aspects of the population.
Neamț County is a county (județ) of Romania, in the historic region of Moldavia, with the county seat at Piatra Neamț. The county takes its name from the Neamț River.
Brăila County is a county (județ) of Romania, in Muntenia, with the capital city at Brăila.
Sibiu County is a county of Romania, in the historical region of Transylvania. Its county seat is the namesake town of Sibiu.
Harghita County is a county in the center of Romania, in eastern Transylvania, with the county seat at Miercurea Ciuc.
Ilfov is the county that surrounds Bucharest, the capital of Romania. It used to be largely rural, but, after the fall of Communism, many of the county's villages and communes developed into high-income commuter towns, which act like suburbs or satellites of Bucharest. The gentrification of the county is continuing, with many towns in Ilfov, such as Otopeni, having some of the highest GDP per capita levels in the country.
Popești-Leordeni is a town in Ilfov County, Muntenia, Romania, 9 km (5.6 mi) south of downtown Bucharest, although from the northern edge of the town to the southern edge of Bucharest the distance is less than 100 m (330 ft). Most of its inhabitants commute to Bucharest, with Popești-Leordeni being seen as a satellite town of the Romanian capital.
Târgu Cărbunești is a town in Gorj County, Oltenia, Romania with a population of 7,616. It lies in the south-eastern part of the county and administers ten villages: Blahnița de Jos, Cărbunești-Sat, Cojani, Crețești, Curteana, Floreșteni, Măceșu, Pojogeni, Rogojeni, and Ștefănești.
The Ukrainians are the third-largest ethnic minority in Romania. According to the 2011 Romanian census they number 51,703 people, making up 0.3% of the total population. According to the 2021 Romanian census, there were 45,835 people who identified themselves officially as Ukrainians (0.24%), and 40,861 who declared that their language was Ukrainian. According to the 2021 Romanian census, there were 834 people who identified themselves officially as Rusyns, and 594 who declared that their language was Rusyn. Ukrainians claim that the number is actually 250,000–300,000. Ukrainians mainly live in northern Romania, in areas close to the Ukrainian border. Over 60% of all Romanian Ukrainians live in Maramureș County (31,234), where they make up 6.77% of the population. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, in 2015, there were 345 ethnic Ukrainians born in Romania who lived in the United States of America at that time.
The Turks of Romania are ethnic Turks who form an ethnic minority in Romania. According to the 2011 census, there were 27,698 Turks living in the country, forming a minority of some 0.15% of the population. Of these, 81.1% were recorded in the Dobruja region of the country's southeast, near the Black Sea, in the counties of Constanța (21,014) and Tulcea (1,891), with a further 8.5% residing in the national capital Bucharest (2,388).
The Reformed Church in Romania is a Calvinist denomination and the largest Protestant church in Romania. The majority of its followers are of Hungarian ethnicity and Hungarian is the main church language. The large majority of the Church's parishes are in Transylvania; according to the 2021 census, 495,380 people or 2.6% of the total population belong to the Reformed Church. About 95% of the members were of Hungarian ethnicity.
Satulung is a commune in Maramureș County, Romania. Its name, translated in English, means "the long village". It is composed of seven villages: Arieșu de Pădure (Erdőaranyos), Fersig (Fehérszék), Finteușu Mic (Kisfentős), Hideaga (Pusztahidegkút), Mogoșești (Magosfalu), Pribilești (Pribékfalva), and Satulung.
Craidorolț is a commune of 2,215 inhabitants (2011) situated in Satu Mare County, Romania. It is composed of five villages:
Doba is a commune of 2,760 inhabitants (2011) situated in Satu Mare County, Romania. It is composed of five villages:
Răchitoasa is a commune in Bacău County, Western Moldavia, Romania. It is composed of fifteen villages: Barcana, Bucșa, Buda, Burdusaci, Dănăila, Dumbrava, Farcașa, Fundătura Răchitoasa, Hăghiac, Magazia, Movilița, Oprișești, Putini, Răchitoasa and Tochilea.
Lunca is a commune in Bihor County, Crișana, Romania with a population of 2,887 people. It is composed of six villages: Briheni (Berhény), Hotărel (Határ), Lunca, Sârbești (Szerbesd), Seghiște (Szegyesd) and Șuștiu (Susd).
Corod is a commune in Galați County, Western Moldavia, Romania. It is composed of four villages: Blânzi, Brătulești, Cărăpcești and Corod.
Uivar is a commune in Timiș County, Romania. It is composed of four villages: Pustiniș, Răuți, Sânmartinu Maghiar and Uivar. Two other villages, Otelec and Iohanisfeld, which had been part of Uivar commune since 1968, were split off in 2008 to form Otelec commune.
Podoleni is a commune in Neamț County, Western Moldavia, Romania. It is composed of two villages, Negritești and Podoleni.
The 2021 Romanian census was a census held in Romania between 1 February and 31 July 2022, with the reference day for the census data set at 1 December 2021. The census was supposed to be done in 2021, but it was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Romania in order to avoid census takers from getting infected when coming into contact with ill or quarantined people. It was the first census held in Romania in which data was collected online, something that had support among Romanian youth.
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