Related Research Articles
Baker v. Vermont,744 A.2d 864,was a lawsuit decided by Vermont Supreme Court on December 20,1999. It was one of the first judicial affirmations of the right of same-sex couples to treatment equivalent to that afforded different-sex couples. The decision held that the state's prohibition on same-sex marriage denied rights granted by the Vermont Constitution. The court ordered the Vermont legislature to either allow same-sex marriages or implement an alternative legal mechanism according similar rights to same-sex couples.
Kerrigan v. Commissioner of Public Health,289 Conn. 135,957 A.2d 407,is a 2008 decision by the Connecticut Supreme Court holding that allowing same-sex couples to form same-sex unions but not marriages violates the Connecticut Constitution. It was the third time that a ruling by the highest court of a U.S. state legalized same-sex marriage,following Massachusetts in Goodridge v. Department of Public Health (2003) and California in In re Marriage Cases (2008). The decision legalized same-sex marriage in Connecticut when it came into effect on November 12,2008. There were no attempts made to amend the state constitution to overrule the decision,and gender-neutral marriage statutes were passed into law in 2009.
Mary L. Bonauto is an American lawyer and civil rights advocate who has worked to eradicate discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity,and has been referred to by US Representative Barney Frank as "our Thurgood Marshall." She began working with the Massachusetts-based Gay &Lesbian Advocates &Defenders,now named GLBTQ Legal Advocates &Defenders (GLAD) organization in 1990. A resident of Portland,Maine,Bonauto was one of the leaders who both worked with the Maine legislature to pass a same-sex marriage law and to defend it at the ballot in a narrow loss during the 2009 election campaign. These efforts were successful when,in the 2012 election,Maine voters approved the measure,making it the first state to allow same-sex marriage licenses via ballot vote. Bonauto is best known for being lead counsel in the case Goodridge v. Department of Public Health which made Massachusetts the first state in which same-sex couples could marry in 2004. She is also responsible for leading the first strategic challenges to section three of the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA).
Beth Robinson is an American lawyer and judge from Vermont. She is a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit and is the first openly lesbian judge to serve on any federal court of appeals. Robinson served as an associate justice of the Vermont Supreme Court from 2011 to 2021.
Marilyn Skoglund is a former Associate Justice of the Vermont Supreme Court. She is well known for having attained admission to the bar and appointment to the bench despite not having gone to law school.
Olin Merrill Jeffords was a Vermont attorney and judge who served as chief justice of the Vermont Supreme Court. He was the father of Senator Jim Jeffords.
Frank Leslie Fish was a Vermont attorney and judge. He was most notable for his service as an associate justice of the Vermont Supreme Court from 1926 to 1927.
Harold C. Sylvester was a Vermont attorney,politician,and judge. He was most notable for his long service on the Vermont Superior Court,and as an associate justice of the Vermont Supreme Court from 1963 to 1964.
John S. Buttles was an American attorney and judge. He served as an associate justice of the Vermont Supreme Court from 1937 to 1949.
Louis Provost Peck was a Vermont attorney and public official. He is notable for his service as an associate justice of the Vermont Supreme Court from 1981 to 1990.
Milford K. Smith was a Vermont attorney,politician,and judge. He is most notable for his service as an associate justice of the Vermont Supreme Court from 1959 to 1976.
Percival L. Shangraw was a Vermont attorney and judge. He is notable for his service as an associate justice of the Vermont Supreme Court from 1958 to 1972,and chief justice from 1972 until 1974.
Rudolph J. Daley was a Vermont attorney,politician,and judge. He is most notable for serving as an associate justice of the Vermont Supreme Court from 1972 to 1980.
Samuel Howard Blackmer was a Vermont attorney,politician,and judge. He was appointed as an associate justice of the Vermont Supreme Court in 1949,and served until his death.
Walter Henry Cleary was a Vermont attorney and judge. His career was most notable for his service as an associate justice of the Vermont Supreme Court from 1948 to 1958,and chief justice from 1958 to 1959.
Ernest W. Gibson III was an attorney and judge who served as an associate justice of the Vermont Supreme Court.
William David Cohen is a Vermont attorney and judge. He has served as an Associate Justice of the Vermont Supreme Court since December 2019.
Nancy J. Waples is an American lawyer and judge from Vermont who has served as an associate justice of the Vermont Supreme Court since 2022.
References
- ↑ "Wyandotte Distinguished Graduate Inductees". 1998 Distinguished Graduates. Wyandotte Public Schools. March 16, 1998. Archived from the original on January 1, 2015. Retrieved May 22, 2015.
- ↑ "The Vermont Supreme Court Justices: Biography, Denise R. Johnson" (PDF). State of Vermont Judiciary. Vermont Court Administrator. 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-06-21.
- ↑ Appel, Robert (June 3, 2011). "Appel: Johnson brought feminist perspective to Vermont Supreme Court". VT Digger. Montpelier, VT.
- ↑ "October 2008 | In Chambers with Vermont's Supreme Court Justices Denise Johnson & Marilyn Skoglund". www.vermontwoman.com. Retrieved 2020-05-20.
- ↑ Zentz, Andrea (December 4, 1990). "First Female Judge Joins Vt. High Court" . Burlington Free Press. Burlington, VT. Free Press Capital Bureau. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
- ↑ "First Female Judge Joins Vt. High Court", p. 1.
- ↑ Michniewicz, Margaret (October 8, 2008). "In Chambers with Vermont's Supreme Court Justices Denise Johnson & Marilyn Skoglund". Vermont Woman. South Hero, VT.
- ↑ Gilreath, Shannon (2011-09-19). The End of Straight Supremacy: Realizing Gay Liberation. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-139-50471-3.