Dessauer Ufer was a subcamp of the Neuengamme concentration camp in Nazi Germany, located inside the Port of Hamburg on the Kleiner Grasbrook in Veddel. [1] It was in operation from July 1944 to April 1945. Inmates were mostly used for forced labour at rubble clearing and building in the Hamburg port area.
The subcamp was located in a warehouse (Lagerhaus G) in Hamburg Veddel on the Dessauer Ufer or Dessauer Strasse (at the Kleiner Grasbrook). It was built in 1903. [2]
The camp was the first subcamp for women in the Neuengamme system, opened in mid-July 1944 for 1,000 Czechs and Hungarian Jewish women selected from Auschwitz-Birkenau. Around one month later, they were joined by 500 more Polish-Jewish from the Łódź ghetto, previously also at Birkenau. The women were employed under the Geilenbergprogramm to restore the production of the German petroleum industry. They were forced to do rubble clearing/rebuilding work at refineries like Rhenania Ossag (Shell), Ebano-Oehler (Esso), J. Schindler, Jung-Öl and other port facilities, such as Blohm + Voss. [3] [4] On 13 September 1944, the women were transported to the Hamburg-Sasel, Wedel and Hamburg-Neugraben camps. [4]
Two days later, 2,000 male prisoners were transported to Veddel from the central Neuengamme camp. They too were used to do rubble clearing and construction work under the Geilenbergprogramm, at water works, breweries, in the petroleum industry and at the Reichsbahn. One work gang had to dig anti-tank ditches at Hittfeld. The men were guarded by customs officers seconded to the SS. [5]
In a 25 October 1944 air raid, the camp was largely destroyed at the reported loss of 150 prisoners' lives. The survivors were transported to the Fuhlsbüttel subcamp, but they continued to work at the same sites as before. [5]
On 15 February 1945, 800 male prisoners were transported back from Fuhlsbüttel to the camp to produce petrol for Jung-Öl at Wilhelmsburg. On 14 April 1945, the SS permanently evacuated the camp, transporting the inmates to the Stalag X-B camp at Sandbostel. [5]
The warehouse in which the camp was located has been under historic preservation since 1998 because it represents a "historic type of warehouses outside the Speicherstadt featuring the brick architecture typical at the time". Moreover, the building has not changed much since 1945 and traces of the inmates' presence are still visible inside, making the warehouse "an important witness" of Nazi period activities in the port. [2]
At the building today there are two memorial plaques for the inmates (one in German, one in English). The building itself is not open to the public. [2] A mural commemorating the women imprisoned at the subcamp is located in another part of the city. The Mural von 1995 is part of Hamburg’s FrauenFreiluftGalerie (Women’s Open-air Gallery) and depicts the Holocaust survivor Lucille Eichengreen, who was imprisoned in the subcamp. [6]
Neuengamme was a network of Nazi concentration camps in Northern Germany that consisted of the main camp, Neuengamme, and more than 85 satellite camps. Established in 1938 near the village of Neuengamme in the Bergedorf district of Hamburg, the Neuengamme camp became the largest concentration camp in Northwest Germany. Over 100,000 prisoners came through Neuengamme and its subcamps, 24 of which were for women. The verified death toll is 42,900: 14,000 in the main camp, 12,800 in the subcamps, and 16,100 in the death marches and bombings during the final weeks of World War II. Following Germany's defeat in 1945, the British Army used the site as an internment camp for SS and other Nazi officials. In 1948, the British transferred the land to the Free Hanseatic City of Hamburg, which summarily demolished the camp's wooden barracks and built in its stead a prison cell block, converting the former concentration camp site into two state prisons operated by the Hamburg authorities from 1950 to 2004. Following protests by various groups of survivors and allies, the site now serves as a memorial. It is situated 15 km southeast of the centre of Hamburg.
Mauthausen was a concentration camp that first appeared in 1938, and the original Mauthausen camp was not situated precisely on the same spot as the latter more commonly known Mauthausen. The latter Mauthausen was situated on a hill above the market town of Mauthausen, Upper Austria. It was the main camp of a group with nearly 100 further subcamps located throughout Austria and southern Germany. The three Gusen concentration camps in and around the village of St Georgen/Gusen, just a few kilometres from Mauthausen, held a significant proportion of prisoners within the camp complex, at times exceeding the number of prisoners at the Mauthausen main camp.
Stutthof was a Nazi concentration camp established by Nazi Germany in a secluded, marshy, and wooded area near the village of Stutthof 34 km (21 mi) east of the city of Danzig (Gdańsk) in the territory of the German-annexed Free City of Danzig. The camp was set up around existing structures after the invasion of Poland in World War II and initially used for the imprisonment of Polish leaders and intelligentsia. The actual barracks were built the following year by prisoners. Most of the infrastructure of the concentration camp was either destroyed or dismantled shortly after the war. In 1962, the former concentration camp with its remaining structures, was turned into a memorial museum.
Aufseherin was the position title for a female guard in Nazi concentration camps. Of the 50,000 guards who served in the concentration camps, approximately 5,000 were women. In 1942, the first female guards arrived at Auschwitz and Majdanek from Ravensbrück. The year after, the Nazis began conscripting women because of a shortage of male guards. In the context of these camps, the German position title of Aufseherin translates to (female) "overseer" or "attendant". Later female guards were dispersed to Bolzano (1944–1945), Kaiserwald-Riga (1943–44), Mauthausen, Stutthof (1942–1945), Vaivara (1943–1944), Vught (1943–1944), and at Nazi concentration camps, subcamps, work camps, detention camps and other posts.
Horneburg is a municipality southwest of Hamburg (Germany) in the district of Stade in Lower Saxony.
is an urban quarter in the north of Hamburg, Germany in the Hamburg-Nord district. It is known as the site of Hamburg's international airport, and as the location of a prison which served as a concentration camp in the Nazi system of repression. As a result of boundary changes, JVA Fuhlsbüttel prison is now in Ohlsdorf, Hamburg.
Lucille Eichengreen was a survivor of the Łódź (Litzmannstadt) Ghetto and the Nazi German concentration camps of Auschwitz, Neuengamme and Bergen-Belsen. She moved to the United States in 1946, married, had two sons and worked as an insurance agent. In 1994, she published From Ashes to Life: My Memories of the Holocaust. She frequently lectured on the Holocaust at libraries, schools and universities in the U.S. and Germany. She took part in a documentary from the University of Giessen on life in the Ghetto, for which she was awarded an honorary doctorate.
Wöbbelin was a subcamp of the Neuengamme concentration camp near the city of Ludwigslust. The SS had established Wöbbelin to house concentration camp prisoners whom the SS had evacuated from other camps to prevent their liberation by the Allies. At its height, Wöbbelin held some 5,000 inmates, most of whom were suffering from starvation and disease. The camp was freed on May 2, 1945.
[] is a quarter of Hamburg, Germany, belongs to the borough Harburg. The quarter consists of the old settlements Neugraben and Fischbek, and the more recently constructed area Neuwiedenthal.
The Bullenhuser Damm School is located at 92–94 Bullenhuser Damm in the Rothenburgsort section of Hamburg, Germany – the site of the Bullenhuser Damm Massacre, the murder of 20 children and their adult caretakers at the very end of World War II's Holocaust – to hide evidence they were used as human subjects in brutal medical experimentation.
Franz Hößler, also Franz Hössler was a Nazi German SS-Obersturmführer and Schutzhaftlagerführer at the Auschwitz-Birkenau, Dora-Mittelbau and Bergen-Belsen concentration camps during World War II. Captured by the Allies at the end of the war, Hößler was charged with war crimes in the First Bergen-Belsen Trial, found guilty, and sentenced to death. He was executed by hanging at Hameln Prison in 1945.
Alfred Trzebinski was an SS-physician at the Auschwitz, Majdanek and Neuengamme concentration camps in Nazi Germany. He was sentenced to death and executed for his involvement in war crimes committed at the Neuengamme subcamps.
Kleiner Grasbrook is a quarter of Hamburg, Germany within the borough of Hamburg-Mitte. It is situated on the eponymous island between the Northern and Southern branches of the Elbe river, together with the other quarters of Steinwerder, Veddel and Wilhelmsburg. It almost exclusively consists of facilities of the port of Hamburg. The four quarters are technically all islands of their own, as they are all separated by their own dams. In 2020 the population was 1,120.
Anton Thumann was a member of the SS of Nazi Germany who served in various Nazi concentration camps during World War II. After the war, Thumann was arrested by British occupation forces and charged with war crimes. At the Neuengamme Camp Case No. 1 in 1946 he was found guilty, sentenced to death and executed at Hamelin Prison.
Steinwerder is a quarter of Hamburg, Germany in the borough Hamburg-Mitte on the southern bank of the river Elbe. It is a primarily maritime industrial location, with a resident population in 2017 of only 39.
Gertrud Elli Heise was a female guard and later, SS overseer at several concentration camps during the Second World War. Heise was born in Berlin, Germany. She was tried for war crimes in 1946.
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Hamburg, Germany.
Margot Cecile Heumann was a German-born American Holocaust survivor. As a lesbian, she was the first queer Jewish woman known to have survived Nazi concentration camps.
No. 557 Hamburg-Geilenberg, Dessauer Ufer
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)