In the 2007 New Year Honours List,Didier Pittet was awarded the Honorary Commander of the Order of the British Empire[1] (CBE) in recognition of his services related to the prevention of healthcare-associated infections in the UK.
Career
Pittet graduated in 1976 from the Collège Calvin secondary school in Geneva,Switzerland. Following a Diploma in Tropical Medicine and Community Health at the University of Geneva Faculty of Medicine,he graduated as M.D. in 1983 from the same institution,and received a master's degree (MS) in Epidemiology and Public Health from the University of Iowa,[2][3] Iowa City,US,in 1992. Pittet began his career as an infectious diseases expert with a special interest in the intensive care setting and device-associated and yeast infections,but this rapidly expanded to include research in overall hospital epidemiology and infection prevention and control. In 1992,he was appointed as Director of the Infection Control Programme at the University Hospital of Geneva and named Professor of Medicine in 2000 by the University of Geneva Faculty of Medicine.
Academic and other posts (selected)
Pittet is Visiting Professor,Division of Investigative Science and School of Medicine,Imperial College London,London,UK;[4] Honorary Professor,1st Medical School of the Fu,Shanghai,China;[5] Honorary Professor,Faculty of Health and Social Sciences,The Hong Kong Polytechnic University,Hong Kong,SAR,China.[6] Since 2002,Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC) Planning Committee member Since 2011,Co-Chair,1st International Conference on Prevention and Infection Control (ICPIC)
Landmark research
Initial observation studies in Geneva by Pittet's team showed a low compliance with basic hand hygiene practices and a lack of awareness by healthcare workers that the main cause of cross-transmission of microorganisms is by hands.[7] Time constraint was identified as the major determinant for poor compliance.[8] The challenge was to facilitate hand hygiene for staff and to find an innovative idea to do so. Under Pittet's leadership,the team investigated concepts from the social sciences to help understand the determinants driving healthcare worker behaviour,which led to the creation of a multimodal strategy based on education,recognition of opportunities for hand hygiene,and feedback on performance where the key component was the introduction of alcohol-based hand rub at the point of care to replace handwashing at the sink ("system change"),thus bypassing the time constraint of the latter method.[9]
"The Geneva Hand Hygiene Model":a breakthrough intervention
The first multimodal intervention ran from 1995 to 2000 at the University of Geneva Hospitals with a spectacular decrease of almost 50% in hospital-associated infections and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) transmission in parallel with a sustained improvement in compliance with hand hygiene. The methodology and results were published in The Lancet in 2000 and the strategy became known in as "The Geneva Hand Hygiene Model".[9] During 1995–1997,Pittet had applied the same multimodal concept to a prevention strategy targeted at vascular access care and showed that it can decrease these infections and substantially impact on the overall incidence of all intensive care unit-acquired infections.[10] Similarly,interventions to reduce urinary tract infections were successfully applied.[11] Pittet's team also proved the cost-effectiveness of their interventions and long-term sustainability.[12][13] Pittet's vision is that to advance infection prevention and control strategies,it is essential to seek insight and innovation through other specialty fields,such as anthropology or sociology,or even engineering,computer science,mathematical modelling,and systems thinking.
Going global
In 2004,Pittet was approached by the WHO World Alliance of Patient Safety to lead the First Global Patient Safety Challenge under the banner "Clean Care is Safer Care".[14][15][16] The mandate was to galvanise global commitment to tackle health-care associated infection,which had been identified as a significant area of risk for patients in all United Nations Member States.[17] Hand hygiene was to be the cornerstone of the Challenge. As co-author of the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Guidelines for Hand Hygiene,[18] Pittet proposed that WHO Guidelines for Hand Hygiene in Health Care be developed under his leadership in consultation with other international experts. The final version of the Guidelines[19] was published in 2009. In 2008,the infection control programme of the University of Geneva Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine was designated as the first WHO Collaborating Centre for Patient Safety (Infection Control and Improving Practices) in Europe.
The "Geneva Hand Hygiene Model" was used as the basis for the recommended implementation strategy[20] for the global promotion of hand hygiene. As of December 2011,"Clean Care is Safer Care" has been endorsed by ministers of health in over 120 countries worldwide―representing a coverage of more than 90% of the world population. Forty-two countries/networks[21] have already started hand hygiene initiatives using the proposed strategy. Alcohol-based hand rub is promoted actively as the new standard of care,including in resource-poor countries.[22][23] Pittet's team developed the "Five Moments" concept to explain to healthcare workers the critical moments when hand hygiene must be carried out[24] and this model is currently used worldwide. Save Lives:Clean Your Hands is the Challenge's annual campaign with almost 15,000 hospitals registered from more than 150 countries at the end of December 2011.
Selected awards and honours
1999:1st Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis Research Prize (accomplishments in the field of hand hygiene)[25]
2002:Society of Health Care Epidemiology of America (SHEA) Young Investigator Award in recognition of outstanding career contributions to infection control and healthcare epidemiology
2003:The Lowbury Lecture,[26][27] Federation of Infection Societies Annual Conference (UK)
2009:European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) Award for Excellence in Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases[29]
Hand hygiene dance video based on the "My five moments for hand hygiene" concept. "Ôles mains",VigiGerme,Infection Control Programme,University of Geneva Hospitals. 2010.
Between 1991 and 2011, Pittet and his collaborators made significant contributions to different research fields. Five key references have been selected for each of the following main research topics:
Infection prevention as a global priority
Infection and infection prevention in low- and middle-income economies
Noma – the disease of poverty
Epidemiology, surveillance, and international health
Hand hygiene in healthcare
Hand hygiene and Semmelweis
Hand hygiene – dynamics of hand colonization
Hand hygiene – alcohol-based handrubs as the universal gold standard
Hand hygiene guidelines
Hand hygiene education
Patients as partners in care
Multimodal interventions to reduce infections
Nosocomial bloodstream infection
Catheter-associated infections
Ventilator-associated pneumonia
Infections in the critically ill
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), sepsis, severe sepsis and their cascades
Infections due to Candida spp
Epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
MRSA control
Paediatric infection control
Bone and foreign body infections
World Health Organization Clean Care is Safer Care and SaveLives: Cleanyourhands [access to references at:
World Health Organization African Partnerships for Patient Safety [access to references at:
Pittet is author/co-author of approximately 500 publications, including 300 peer-reviewed publications[30] and 50 chapters in authoritative medical textbooks.
Pittet, D; Hugonnet, S; Harbarth, S; Mourouga, P; Sauvan, V; Touveneau, S; Perneger, TV (2000). "Effectiveness of a hospital-wide programme to improve compliance with hand hygiene. Infection Control Programme". The Lancet. 356 (9238): 1307–12. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02814-2. PMID11073019. S2CID18760147.
Eggimann, P; Harbarth, S; Constantin, MN; Touveneau, S; Chevrolet, JC; Pittet, D (2000). "Impact of a prevention strategy targeted at vascular-access care on incidence of infections acquired in intensive care". The Lancet. 355 (9218): 1864–8. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02291-1. PMID10866442. S2CID35022749.
Ahmed, QA; Memish, ZA; Allegranzi, B; Pittet, D; WHO Global Patient Safety Challenge (2006). "Muslim health-care workers and alcohol-based handrubs". The Lancet. 367 (9515): 1025–7. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68431-6. PMID16564366. S2CID32689292.
Pessoa-Silva, CL; Hugonnet, S; Pfister, R; Touveneau, S; Dharan, S; Posfay-Barbe, K; Pittet, D (2007). "Reduction of health care associated infection risk in neonates by successful hand hygiene promotion". Pediatrics. 120 (2): e382–90. doi:10.1542/peds.2006-3712. PMID17664257. S2CID7745276.
Sax, H; Allegranzi, B; Uçkay, I; Larson, E; Boyce, J; Pittet, D (2007). "'My five moments for hand hygiene': A user-centred design approach to understand, train, monitor and report hand hygiene". The Journal of Hospital Infection. 67 (1): 9–21. doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2007.06.004. PMID17719685.
Pittet D, Harbarth S. The intensive care unit. In: Hospital Infections. Brachman PS and Bennett JV, eds, 5th ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia; 2007.
Pittet D, Allegranzi B, Sax H. Hand hygiene. In: Hospital Infections. Brachman PS and Bennett JV, eds, 5th ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia; 2007.
Allegranzi B, Longtin Y, Pittet D. Infection control in the healthcare setting. In: Control of Communicable Diseases Manual. Heymann DL (ed), 19th ed. American Public Health Association, Washington, DC, USA. 2008.
Sax H, Pittet D. Severe soft-tissue infections. In: Oh's Manual for Intensive Care Medicine. Bersten A, Sony N, Oh T, eds. 6th ed. Butterworth-Heinemann (Elsevier Ltd), London, UK, chap 63, pp 731–737, 2009.
Infection and infection prevention in low- and middle-income economies
Allegranzi, B; Sax, H; Bengaly, L; Richet, H; Minta, DK; Chraiti, MN; Sokona, FM; Gayet-Ageron, A; etal. (2010). "Successful implementation of the World Health Organization hand hygiene improvement strategy in a referral hospital in Mali, Africa". Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology. 31 (2): 133–41. doi:10.1086/649796. PMID20017633. S2CID24443644.
Barrera, L; Zingg, W; Mendez, F; Pittet, D (2011). "Effectiveness of a hand hygiene promotion strategy using alcohol-based handrub in 6 intensive care units in Colombia". American Journal of Infection Control. 39 (8): 633–9. doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2010.11.004. PMID21636170.
Allegranzi, B; Bagheri Nejad, S; Combescure, C; Graafmans, W; Attar, H; Donaldson, L; Pittet, D (2011). "Burden of endemic health-care-associated infection in developing countries: Systematic review and meta-analysis". The Lancet. 377 (9761): 228–41. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61458-4. PMID21146207. S2CID205960241.
Baratti-Mayer, D; Pittet, B; Montandon, D (2004). "GESNOMA (Geneva Study Group on Noma): State-of-the-art medical research for humanitarian purposes". Annales de Chirurgie Plastique et Esthétique. 49 (3): 302–5. doi:10.1016/j.anplas.2004.04.005. PMID15276261.
Haustein, T; Gastmeier, P; Holmes, A; Lucet, JC; Shannon, RP; Pittet, D; Harbarth, S (2011). "Use of benchmarking and public reporting for infection control in four high-income countries". The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 11 (6): 471–81. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(10)70315-7. PMID21616457.
Pittet, Didier; Boyce, John M (2001). "Hand hygiene and patient care: Pursuing the Semmelweis legacy". The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 1 (1): 9–10. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(09)70295-6.
Pittet, D (2004). "The Lowbury lecture: Behaviour in infection control". The Journal of Hospital Infection. 58 (1): 1–13. doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2004.06.002. PMID15350707.
Stewardson, A; Allegranzi, B; Sax, H; Kilpatrick, C; Pittet, D (2011). "Back to the future: Rising to the Semmelweis challenge in hand hygiene". Future Microbiology. 6 (8): 855–76. doi:10.2217/FMB.11.66. PMID21861619.
Pittet, D; Allegranzi, B; Sax, H; Dharan, S; Pessoa-Silva, CL; Donaldson, L; Boyce, JM; Who Global Patient Safety Challenge, World Alliance for Patient Safety (2006). "Evidence-based model for hand transmission during patient care and the role of improved practices". The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 6 (10): 641–52. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(06)70600-4. PMID17008173.
Rotter, M; Sattar, S; Dharan, S; Allegranzi, B; Mathai, E; Pittet, D (2009). "Methods to evaluate the microbicidal activities of hand-rub and hand-wash agents". The Journal of Hospital Infection. 73 (3): 191–9. doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2009.06.024. PMID19729223.
Hand hygiene
alcohol-based handrubs as the universal gold standard
Ahmed, QA; Memish, ZA; Allegranzi, B; Pittet, D; WHO Global Patient Safety Challenge (2006). "Muslim health-care workers and alcohol-based handrubs". The Lancet. 367 (9515): 1025–7. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68431-6. PMID16564366. S2CID32689292.
Pittet, D; Allegranzi, B; Sax, H; Chraiti, MN; Griffiths, W; Richet, H; World Health Organization Global Patient Safety Challenge Alcohol-Based Handrub Task Force (2007). "Double-blind, randomized, crossover trial of 3 hand rub formulations: Fast-track evaluation of tolerability and acceptability". Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology. 28 (12): 1344–51. doi:10.1086/523272. PMID17994514. S2CID33987958.
Widmer, AF; Rotter, M; Voss, A; Nthumba, P; Allegranzi, B; Boyce, J; Pittet, D (2010). "Surgical hand preparation: State-of-the-art". The Journal of Hospital Infection. 74 (2): 112–22. doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2009.06.020. PMID19716627.
Hand hygiene guidelines
Boyce, JM; Pittet, D; Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee; HICPAC/SHEA/APIC/IDSA Hand Hygiene Task Force (2002). "Guideline for Hand Hygiene in Health-Care Settings. Recommendations of the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee and the HICPAC/SHEA/APIC/IDSA Hand Hygiene Task Force. Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America/Association for Professionals in Infection Control/Infectious Diseases Society of America". MMWR. Recommendations and Reports. 51 (RR–16): 1–45, quiz CE1–4. PMID12418624.
Pittet, Didier; Boyce, John M (2003). "Revolutionising hand hygiene in health-care settings: Guidelines revisited". The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 3 (5): 269–70. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(03)00601-7. PMID12726970.
Sax, H.; Allegranzi, B.; Uçkay, I.; Larson, E.; Boyce, J.; Pittet, D. (2007). "'My five moments for hand hygiene': A user-centred design approach to understand, train, monitor and report hand hygiene". Journal of Hospital Infection. 67 (1): 9–21. doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2007.06.004. PMID17719685.
Whitby, M.; Pessoa-Silva, C.L.; McLaws, M.-L.; Allegranzi, B.; Sax, H.; Larson, E.; Seto, W.H.; Donaldson, L.; Pittet, D. (2007). "Behavioural considerations for hand hygiene practices: The basic building blocks". Journal of Hospital Infection. 65 (1): 1–8. doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2006.09.026. PMID17145101.
Sax, H; Allegranzi, B; Chraïti, MN; Boyce, J; Larson, E; Pittet, D (2009). "The World Health Organization hand hygiene observation method". American Journal of Infection Control. 37 (10): 827–34. doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2009.07.003. PMID20004812.
Longtin, Yves; Sax, Hugo; Allegranzi, Benedetta; Hugonnet, Stéphane; Pittet, Didier (2009). "Patients' Beliefs and Perceptions of Their Participation to Increase Healthcare Worker Compliance with Hand Hygiene". Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology. 30 (9): 830–9. doi:10.1086/599118. PMID19642899. S2CID205990941.
Longtin, Y; Akakpo, C; Rutschmann, OT; Pittet, D; Sax, H (2009). "Evaluation of patients' mask use after the implementation of cough etiquette in the emergency department". Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology. 30 (9): 904–8. doi:10.1086/605471. PMID19622049. S2CID205992013.
Pittet, D.; Panesar, S.S.; Wilson, K.; Longtin, Y.; Morris, T.; Allan, V.; Storr, J.; Cleary, K.; Donaldson, L. (2011). "Involving the patient to ask about hospital hand hygiene: A National Patient Safety Agency feasibility study". Journal of Hospital Infection. 77 (4): 299–303. doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2010.10.013. PMID21236515.
Multimodal interventions to reduce infections
Pittet, Didier; Hugonnet, Stéphane; Harbarth, Stephan; Mourouga, Philippe; Sauvan, Valérie; Touveneau, Sylvie; Perneger, Thomas V (2000). "Effectiveness of a hospital-wide programme to improve compliance with hand hygiene". The Lancet. 356 (9238): 1307–12. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02814-2. PMID11073019. S2CID18760147.
Eggimann, P; Harbarth, S; Constantin, MN; Touveneau, S; Chevrolet, JC; Pittet, D (2000). "Impact of a prevention strategy targeted at vascular-access care on incidence of infections acquired in intensive care". The Lancet. 355 (9218): 1864–8. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02291-1. PMID10866442. S2CID35022749.
Pessoa-Silva, C. L.; Hugonnet, S.; Pfister, R.; Touveneau, S.; Dharan, S.; Posfay-Barbe, K.; Pittet, D. (2007). "Reduction of Health Care Associated Infection Risk in Neonates by Successful Hand Hygiene Promotion". Pediatrics. 120 (2): e382–90. doi:10.1542/peds.2006-3712. PMID17664257. S2CID7745276.
Allegranzi, B; Sax, H; Bengaly, L; Richet, H; Minta, DK; Chraiti, MN; Sokona, FM; Gayet-Ageron, A; etal. (2010). "Successful implementation of the World Health Organization hand hygiene improvement strategy in a referral hospital in Mali, Africa". Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology. 31 (2): 133–41. doi:10.1086/649796. PMID20017633. S2CID24443644.
Nosocomial bloodstream infection
Pittet, D.; Tarara, D.; Wenzel, R. P. (1994). "Nosocomial Bloodstream Infection in Critically III Patients: Excess Length of Stay, Extra Costs, and Attributable Mortality". JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association. 271 (20): 1598–601. doi:10.1001/jama.1994.03510440058033. PMID8182812.
Pittet, D; Wenzel, RP (1995). "Nosocomial bloodstream infections. Secular trends in rates, mortality, and contribution to total hospital deaths". Archives of Internal Medicine. 155 (11): 1177–84. doi:10.1001/archinte.1995.00430110089009. PMID7763123.
Hugonnet, Stéphane; Harbarth, Stephan; Ferrière, Karin; Ricou, Bara; Suter, Peter; Pittet, Didier (2003). "Bacteremic sepsis in intensive care: Temporal trends in incidence, organ dysfunction, and prognosis". Critical Care Medicine. 31 (2): 390–4. doi:10.1097/01.CCM.0000045026.81584.6F. PMID12576941. S2CID22326570.
Catheter-associated infections
Widmer, A. F.; Pittet, D. (1992). "Optimal Duration of Therapy for Catheter-Related Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 14 (6): 1259–60. doi:10.1093/clinids/14.6.1259. PMID1623083.
Eggimann, P; Harbarth, S; Constantin, MN; Touveneau, S; Chevrolet, JC; Pittet, D (2000). "Impact of a prevention strategy targeted at vascular-access care on incidence of infections acquired in intensive care". The Lancet. 355 (9218): 1864–8. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02291-1. PMID10866442. S2CID35022749.
Eggimann, P; Hugonnet, S; Sax, H; Harbarth, S; Chevrolet, JC; Pittet, D (2005). "Long-term reduction of vascular access-associated bloodstream infection". Annals of Internal Medicine. 142 (10): 875–6. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-142-10-200505170-00025. PMID15897546.
Zingg, W.; Sax, H.; Inan, C.; Cartier, V.; Diby, M.; Clergue, F.; Pittet, D.; Walder, B. (2009). "Hospital-wide surveillance of catheter-related bloodstream infection: From the expected to the unexpected". Journal of Hospital Infection. 73 (1): 41–6. doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2009.05.015. PMID19646788.
Perencevich, E. N.; Pittet, D. (2009). "Preventing Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infections: Thinking Outside the Checklist". JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association. 301 (12): 1285–7. doi:10.1001/jama.2009.420. PMID19318658.
Pittet, Didier; Bonten, Marc JM (2000). "Towards invasive diagnostic techniques as standard management of ventilator-associated pneumonia". The Lancet. 356 (9233): 874. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02675-1. PMID11036890. S2CID3088752.
Pittet, D; Eggimann, P; Rubinovitch, B (2001). "Prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia by oral decontamination: Just another SDD study?". American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 164 (3): 338–9. doi:10.1164/ajrccm.164.3.2105072b. PMID11500329.
Kollef, M; Pittet, D; Sánchez García, M; Chastre, J; Fagon, JY; Bonten, M; Hyzy, R; Fleming, TR; etal. (2006). "A randomized double-blind trial of iseganan in prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia". American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 173 (1): 91–7. doi:10.1164/rccm.200504-656OC. PMID16192451.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
Pittet, D; Zingg, W (2010). "Reducing ventilator-associated pneumonia: When process control allows outcome improvement and even benchmarking". Critical Care Medicine. 38 (3): 983–4. doi:10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181c8fd0c. PMID20168154.
Infections in the critically ill
Pittet, D; Thiévent, B; Wenzel, RP; Li, N; Auckenthaler, R; Suter, PM (1996). "Bedside prediction of mortality from bacteremic sepsis. A dynamic analysis of ICU patients". American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 153 (2): 684–93. doi:10.1164/ajrccm.153.2.8564118. PMID8564118.
Harbarth, S; Holeckova, K; Froidevaux, C; Pittet, D; Ricou, B; Grau, GE; Vadas, L; Pugin, J; Geneva Sepsis, Network (2001). "Diagnostic value of procalcitonin, interleukin-6, and interleukin-8 in critically ill patients admitted with suspected sepsis". American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 164 (3): 396–402. doi:10.1164/ajrccm.164.3.2009052. PMID11500339.
Hugonnet, S; Eggimann, P; Sax, H; Touveneau, S; Chevrolet, JC; Pittet, D (2002). "Intensive care unit-acquired infections: Is postdischarge surveillance useful?". Critical Care Medicine. 30 (12): 2636–8. doi:10.1097/00003246-200212000-00004. PMID12483051. S2CID44340854.
Eggimann, P; Harbarth, S; Ricou, B; Hugonnet, S; Ferriere, K; Suter, P; Pittet, D (2003). "Acute respiratory distress syndrome after bacteremic sepsis does not increase mortality". American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 167 (9): 1210–4. doi:10.1164/rccm.200210-1196OC. PMID12615616.
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), sepsis, severe sepsis and their cascades
Pittet, D; Rangel-Frausto, S; Li, N; Tarara, D; Costigan, M; Rempe, L; Jebson, P; Wenzel, RP (1995). "Systemic inflammatory response syndrome, sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock: Incidence, morbidities and outcomes in surgical ICU patients". Intensive Care Medicine. 21 (4): 302–9. doi:10.1007/BF01705408. PMID7650252. S2CID36497077.
Rangel-Frausto, M. S.; Pittet, D.; Costigan, M.; Hwang, T.; Davis, C. S.; Wenzel, R. P. (1995). "The Natural History of the Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) A Prospective Study". JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association. 273 (2): 117–23. doi:10.1001/jama.1995.03520260039030. PMID7799491.
Pittet, D; Harbarth, S; Suter, PM; Reinhart, K; Leighton, A; Barker, C; MacDonald, F; Abraham, E (1999). "Impact of immunomodulating therapy on morbidity in patients with severe sepsis". American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 160 (3): 852–7. doi:10.1164/ajrccm.160.3.9809033. PMID10471608.
Harbarth, S; Garbino, J; Pugin, J; Romand, JA; Lew, D; Pittet, D (2003). "Inappropriate initial antimicrobial therapy and its effect on survival in a clinical trial of immunomodulating therapy for severe sepsis". The American Journal of Medicine. 115 (7): 529–35. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2003.07.005. PMID14599631.
Infections due to Candida spp.
Pittet, D; Monod, M; Filthuth, I; Frenk, E; Suter, PM; Auckenthaler, R (1991). "Contour-clamped homogeneous electric field gel electrophoresis as a powerful epidemiologic tool in yeast infections". The American Journal of Medicine. 91 (3B): 256S –263S. doi:10.1016/0002-9343(91)90378-B. PMID1928173.
Eggimann, P; Garbino, J; Pittet, D (2003). "Epidemiology of Candida species infections in critically ill non-immunosuppressed patients". The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 3 (11): 685–702. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(03)00801-6. PMID14592598.
Eggimann, P; Garbino, J; Pittet, D (2003). "Management of Candida species infections in critically ill patients". The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 3 (12): 772–85. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(03)00831-4. PMID14652203.
Epidemiology of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Harbarth, S; Sax, H; Fankhauser-Rodriguez, C; Schrenzel, J; Agostinho, A; Pittet, D (2006). "Evaluating the probability of previously unknown carriage of MRSA at hospital admission". The American Journal of Medicine. 119 (3): 275.e15–23. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2005.04.042. PMID16490475.
Pessoa-Silva, CL; Hugonnet, S; Pfister, R; Touveneau, S; Dharan, S; Posfay-Barbe, K; Pittet, D (2007). "Reduction of health care associated infection risk in neonates by successful hand hygiene promotion". Pediatrics. 120 (2): e382–90. doi:10.1542/peds.2006-3712. PMID17664257. S2CID7745276.
Posfay-Barbe, KM; Zerr, DM; Pittet, D (2008). "Infection control in paediatrics". The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 8 (1): 19–31. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(07)70310-9. PMID18156087.
1 2 Pittet, D; Hugonnet, S; Harbarth, S; Mourouga, P; Sauvan, V; Touveneau, S; Perneger, TV (2000). "Effectiveness of a hospital-wide programme to improve compliance with hand hygiene. Infection Control Programme". The Lancet. 356 (9238): 1307–12. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02814-2. PMID11073019. S2CID18760147.
↑ Eggimann, P; Harbarth, S; Constantin, MN; Touveneau, S; Chevrolet, JC; Pittet, D (2000). "Impact of a prevention strategy targeted at vascular-access care on incidence of infections acquired in intensive care". The Lancet. 355 (9218): 1864–8. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02291-1. PMID10866442. S2CID35022749.
↑ Allegranzi, B; Sax, H; Bengaly, L; Richet, H; Minta, DK; Chraiti, MN; Sokona, FM; Gayet-Ageron, A; etal. (2010). "Successful implementation of the World Health Organization hand hygiene improvement strategy in a referral hospital in Mali, Africa". Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology. 31 (2): 133–41. doi:10.1086/649796. PMID20017633. S2CID24443644.
↑ Sax, H; Allegranzi, B; Uçkay, I; Larson, E; Boyce, J; Pittet, D (2007). "'My five moments for hand hygiene': A user-centred design approach to understand, train, monitor and report hand hygiene". The Journal of Hospital Infection. 67 (1): 9–21. doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2007.06.004. PMID17719685.
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