Shivaji I was an Indian ruler and a member of the Bhonsle dynasty. Shivaji carved out his own independent kingdom from the declining Adilshahi Sultanate of Bijapur that formed the genesis of the Maratha Confederacy. In 1674,he was formally crowned the Chhatrapati of his realm at Raigad Fort.
Sambhaji,also known as Shambhuraje,was the second Chhatrapati of the Maratha Empire,ruling from 1681 to 1689. He was the eldest son of Shivaji,the founder of the Maratha Kingdom. Sambhaji's rule was largely shaped by the ongoing wars between the Marathas and the Mughal Empire,as well as other neighbouring powers such as the Abyssinians of Janjira,Wadiyars of Mysore and the Portuguese Empire in Goa. After Sambhaji's execution by Aurangzeb,his brother Rajaram I succeeded him as the next Chhatrapati and continued the Mughal–Maratha Wars.
Mirza Muhammad Mu'azzam,commonly known as Bahadur Shah I and Shah Alam I,was the eighth Mughal Emperor from 1707 to 1712. He was the second son of the sixth Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb,who he conspired to overthrow in his youth. He was also governor of the imperial provinces of Agra,Kabul and Lahore and had to face revolts of Rajputs and Sikhs.
Netoji Palkar (1620–1681),also known as Netaji Palkar,served as a prominent Maratha general and held the esteemed position of the 2nd Senapati of the Maratha Army under the leadership of Chhatrapati Shivaji,the visionary founder of the Maratha empire.
Rohilkhand is a region in the northwestern part of Uttar Pradesh,India,that is centered on the Bareilly and Moradabad divisions. It is part of the upper Ganges Plain,and is named after the Rohilla tribe of Pathans. The region was called Madhyadesh and Panchala in the Sanskrit epics Mahabharata and Ramayana. During the colonial era in India,the region was governed by the Royal House of Rampur.
Maharaja Suraj Mal was a Jat ruler of Bharatpur in present-day state of Rajasthan. He is Known for his military prowess and administrative acumen,he established a prosperous kingdom in the region now encompassing parts of Rajasthan,Uttar Pradesh,and Haryana. Under him,the Jat rule covered the present-day districts of Agra,Alwar,Aligarh,Bharatpur,Dholpur,Etawa,Hathras,Mainpuri,Meerut,Ghaziabad,Mathura,and Rohtak,Sonipat,Jhajjar,Nuh,Palwal,Faridabad,Kasganj,Mainpuri,Firozabad,Bulandshahr.
Murarbaji Deshpande was a general in the early Maratha Empire during the reign of Chatrapati Shivaji. He is best remembered for his defense of the Purandar Fort against Dilir Khan,a Mughal general who accompanied Jai Singh I in the 17th-century siege on Purandar.
Balaji Vishwanath Bhat was the first of a series of hereditary Peshwas hailing from the Bhat family who gained effective control of the Maratha Empire and the Mughal vassals of the Marathas during the early 18th century. Balaji Vishwanath assisted a young Maratha king Shahu to consolidate his grip on a kingdom that had been racked by civil war and persistently intruded on by the Mughals under Aurangzeb. He was called the Second Founder of the Maratha State. He secured a grant from the Mughal court that confirmed Shahu as the legitimate Mughal vassal,at the expense of his rival Sambhaji. Later,his son Bajirao I became the Peshwa.
Shahjahanpur is a district of Uttar Pradesh India. It is a part of Bareilly division. It was established in 1813 by the British Government. Previously it was a part of district Bareilly. Geographically the main town is Shahjahanpur which is its headquarters. Its 4 Tehsils are:Powayan,Tilhar,Jalalabad and Sadar.
Moradabad district is one of the districts of Uttar Pradesh,India. The city of Moradabad is the district headquarters. Moradabad district is part of Moradabad division. It used to be the second most populous district of Uttar Pradesh out of 75 after Prayagraj till a new district Sambhal was carved out of it in 2011.
The Battle of Sinhagad,also known as Battle of Kondhana,involved an attack by Marathas during the night of 4 February 1670 on the fort of Sinhagad,near the city of Pune,Maharashtra. However,the Marathas captured the fort.
The Kingdom of Amber,also known as Kingdom of Dhundhar,and Jaipur State,was located in the north-eastern historic Dhundhar region of Rajputana and was ruled by the Kachwaha Rajput clan. It was established by Dulha Rai,possibly the last ruler of the Kachchhapaghata dynasty of Gwalior who migrated to Dausa and started his kingdom there with the support of Chahamanas of Shakambhari in the 12th century. Mostly through 12th to 15th century,the kingdom faced stagnation,sources were scarce. Under its ruler,Raja Chandrasen of Amber became a Sisodia vassal and fought in the Battle of Khanwa under Raja Prithviraj Kachhwaha.
Mirza Raja Jai Singh I was the senior most general and a high ranking mansabdar at the imperial court of Mughal Empire as well as the Kachwaha ruler of the Kingdom of Amber. His predecessor was his grand uncle,Mirza Raja Bhau Singh,the younger son of Mirza Raja Man Singh I.
Purandar Fort is a mountain fort in Pune district in Western Indian state of Maharashtra,India. The fort stands at 1,374 metres (4,508 ft) above the sea level in the Western Ghats,50 kilometres (31 mi) to the southeast of Pune.
The siege of Bijapur began in March 1685 and ended in September 1686 with a Mughal victory. The siege began when Aurangzeb dispatched his son,Muhammad Azam Shah,with a force of nearly 50,000 men to capture Bijapur Fort and defeat Sikandar Adil Shah,the then ruler of Bijapur,who refused to be a vassal of the Mughal Empire. The siege of Bijapur was among the longest military engagements of the Mughals,lasting more than 15 months until Aurangzeb personally arrived to organize a victory.
The siege of Jinji,,began when the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb appointed Zulfiqar Ali Khan as the Nawab of the Carnatic and dispatched him to besiege and capture Jinji Fort,which had been sacked and captured by Maratha Empire troops led by Rajaram,they had also ambushed and killed about 300 Mughal Sowars in the Carnatic. The Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb then ordered Ghazi ud-Din Khan Feroze Jung I to protect the supply routes leading to Jinji Fort and to support and provide reinforcements to Zulfiqar Ali Khan when needed.
The decline of the Mughal Empire was a period in Indian history roughly between the early 18th century and mid 19th Century where the Mughal Empire,which once dominated the subcontinent,experienced a large scale decline. There are various factors responsible for this decline such as internal conflicts,Rajput,Sikh and Maratha rebellions,Afghan and Persian invasions and expansion of East India Company influence and power.
The Battle of Purandar was fought between the Mughal Empire and the Marathas in 1665.
The Battle of Salher was fought between the Marathas and the Mughal Empire in February 1672 CE. The battle was fought near the fort of Salher in modern day Nashik district. The result was a decisive victory for the Marathas. This battle is considered particularly significant as it is the first pitched battle where the Mughal Empire lost to the Marathas.
Bahadur Khan,Khan Bahadur or,Bahadur Khan Kokaltash was a foster-brother to the Moghul Emperor Aurangzeb,he was the Subahdar of Lahore,Burhanpur and Deccan,Aurangzeb had two foster-brothers he was one of favourite,another foster-brother Fidai Khan Koka,they three didn’t blood-related but fosterage to eachothers,Bahadur was the Senior General of the Mughal Empire and closer companion to the Emperor Aurangzeb,he was the one of Military Commander of Mughal who defeat Marathas in three major battles but lose one only,as also he involve in Mughal-Maratha wars (1681–1707). he was buried in his tomb located in present Pakistan Tomb of Bahadur Khan,his father Mir Abu’l-Ma'ali was given title of Sayyid-e Khafi" by Padishah Aurangzeb Alamgir,through his son Shah Quli Khan,he have grandson Alivardi Khan the Nawab of Bengal.
Mughal Empire