Murtaza Khan Shaikh Farid Bukhari | |
---|---|
Mir Bakhshi of the Mughal Empire | |
In office 1600–? | |
Monarch | Akbar |
Subahdar of Gujarat | |
In office 1606–1609 | |
Monarch | Jahangir |
Succeeded by | Mirza Aziz Koka |
Personal details | |
Born | Sheikh Farid Bukhari |
Died | 1616 |
Resting place | Serai Shahji,Delhi |
Military service | |
Allegiance | Mughal Empire |
Shaikh Farid Bukhari (died 1616), [1] also known by the title Murtaza Khan,was a leading Mughal noble of the 17th century. He served as mir bakhshi of the empire during the reign of the Mughal emperor Akbar. During the reign of Akbar's successor Jahangir,he played a key role in the suppression of prince Khusrau's rebellion,and later governed the provinces of Gujarat and Punjab. He was also well known as an architectural patron in Mughal India,and founded the city of Faridabad in modern-day Haryana,India.
Shaikh Farid Murtaza Khan was an Indian Muslim. [2] His ancestors were likely learned men who had been given rent-free lands for their subsistence. One of them,Sayyid Abdul Ghaffar of Dehli,enjoined his descendants to adopt military profession instead of living on charity. Sheikh Farid's family had a long history of imperial service,such as his uncle Sheikh Muhammad Bukhari,who was one of Akbar's trusted men,and his brother Jafar Khan,who died fighting in Gujarat in 1573. [3]
Shaikh Farid was promoted to the command of 1500 horses by Akbar,for his achievements fighting against Afghans in Orissa. Akbar also bestowed upon him the title sahib-us-saif-w-al-qalam ('master of the sword and the pen'). [4] In 1600, [5] he rose to the post of mir bakhshi under Akbar. [6]
In the Mughal court there was a movement of Naqshbandis who had been trying to garner power in the hopes of supplanting the religiously erratic Akbar with a more stable and orthodoxly Muslim emperor. Du Jarric among the Jesuits at court described that Shaykh Farid had been sent as a representative of the orthodox faction to promise support of Prince Salim (future Mughal Emperor Jahangir),"provided that he would swear to defend the law of Mahomet". Shaykh Farid had been receiving letters from Shaykh Ahmad Sirhindi, [7] and was his devoted disciple. [8]
After Jahangir's coronation,prince Khusrau rebelled in 1606 and fled Agra,where he had been confined,towards the Punjab. Shaikh Farid pursued and defeated him at a battle near Bharowal. After Khusrau was later captured,Jahangir awarded Shaikh Farid the title 'Murtaza Khan' for his actions,and his rank was increased to 6000 horses. [4] Jahangir also awarded him the site of the battle,Bharowal,as a land grant. [9]
From 1606 to 1609,Shaikh Farid served as the governor (subahdar) of Gujarat under Jahangir. [10] He built the tomb of Wajihuddin in Ahmedabad,Kadi fort,and Madresah Masjid of Bharuch. His relatives and officers oppressed Ahmedabad,which led to his replacement by Mirza Aziz Koka. [11]
He later became the governor of Punjab. [1] During this time,Jahangir gave him the infamous order of executing Sikh leader Guru Arjan. [4]
Shaikh Farid was noted for his building activities in Mughal texts. [12] A major undertaking was the establishment of Faridabad in 1607,to which he provided a caravanserai and mosque. [13] [14] As governor of Gujarat,he constructed extensively in the city of Ahmedabad;however none of these structures remain,with the exception of Wajihuddin's Tomb,the dargah of Sufi saint Wajihuddin Alvi. [10] He also contributed several religious structures to the city of Bihar Sharif,and made additions to the Nizamuddin Dargah in Delhi. [15] [13]
Shaikh Farid's tomb is located in Malviya Nagar,Delhi,near a caravanserai constructed by him named Serai Shahji. [16]
Nur-ud-din Muhammad Salim,known by his imperial name Jahangir,was Emperor of Hindustan from 1605 until his death in 1627,and the fourth Mughal Emperor.
Mirza Shahab-ud-Din Muhammad Khurram,commonly called Shah Jahan I,also called Shah Jahan the Magnificent,was Emperor of Moghal Empire from 1628 until his deposition in 1658. As the fifth Mughal emperor,his reign marked the zenith of Mughal architectural and cultural achievements.
Fatehpur Sikri is a town in the Agra District of Uttar Pradesh,India. Situated 35.7 kilometres (22.2 mi) from the district headquarters of Agra,Fatehpur Sikri itself was founded as the capital of the Mughal Empire in 1571 by Emperor Akbar,serving this role from 1571 to 1585,when Akbar abandoned it due to a campaign in Punjab and was later completely abandoned in 1610.
Mariam-uz-Zamani,commonly known by the misnomer Jodha Bai,was the chief consort and principal Hindu wife as well as the favourite wife of the third Mughal emperor,Akbar. She was also the longest-serving Hindu empress of the Mughal Empire with a tenure of forty-three years (1562–1605).
Allahabad Fort was built by the Mughal emperor Akbar at Prayagraj in 1583. The fort stands on the banks of the Yamuna,near its confluence with the Ganges. It is classified by the Archaeological Survey of India as a monument of national importance.
Shaikh Salim Chishti was a Sufi saint of the Chishti Order during the Mughal Empire in India.
Khusrau Mirza was the eldest son of the Mughal Emperor Jahangir and his first wife,Shah Begum. The young prince displayed exceptional skills and wisdom and had the privilege to be groomed by the Mughal Emperor (Akbar) himself for the throne of the Mughal Empire. He turned out to be the most capable and qualified son of Jahangir but was befallen by an unfortunate destiny. Being Jahangir's eldest son,he was the heir-apparent to his father but Jahangir favoured his son Khurram Mirza as he held an animosity against Khusrau.
Akbar's tomb is the mausoleum of the third and greatest Mughal emperor Akbar. The tomb was built in 1605–1613 by his son,Jahangir and is situated on 119 acres of grounds in Sikandra,a suburb of Agra,Uttar Pradesh,India. The buildings are constructed mainly from a deep red sandstone,enriched with features in white marble.
The Jama Masjid is a 16th-century congregational mosque in the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Fatehpur Sikri,located in Uttar Pradesh,India. It was built by Mughal emperor Akbar,and was the largest mosque in the empire at the time of construction. The Jama Masjid's design drew from earlier mosques built by various pre-Mughal sultanates,and served as an important precedent in subsequent Mughal architecture.
Chausath Khamba,also spelled Chaunsath Khamba,is a tomb built during 1623–24. It is located in Nizamuddin precincts of Sufi Muslim shrines and tombs in New Delhi,India. The name means "64 pillars" in Urdu and Hindi. It was built by Mirza Aziz Koka,son of Ataga Khan,as a mausoleum for himself,at the time when Mughal Emperor Jahangir ruled from Delhi. Mirza Aziz Koka had served several times as Jahangir’s Governor of Gujarat before he died in Gujarat.
Daniyal Mirza was the shahzada of the Mughal Empire who served as the Viceroy of the Deccan. He was the third son of Emperor Akbar and the half-brother of Emperor Jahangir.
Guru Arjan was the fifth of the ten total Sikh Gurus. He compiled the first official edition of the Sikh scripture called the Adi Granth,which later expanded into the Guru Granth Sahib. He is regarded as the first of the two Gurus martyred in the Sikh faith.
Mirza Aziz Koka,also known as Kokaltash and by his sobriquet Khan-i-Azam,was the foster brother of Akbar,who remained one of the leading nobles at the courts of the Mughal emperors Akbar and Jahangir. He was also the Subahdar,governor of the Subah (province) of Gujarat.
Wajihuddin's Tomb or Hazrat Wajihuddin Dargah,is a tomb of Sufi saint Wajihuddin Alvi in Khanpur area of Ahmedabad,India.
Shah Begum was the first wife and chief consort of Prince Salim. She was known as Zan-i-Kalan being the first wife of Salim. She was a Rajput princess by birth and committed suicide shortly before the succession of her husband to the royal throne. She was the mother of the eldest daughter and son of Prince Salim,Sultan-un-Nissa Begum and Khusrau Mirza.
The Gujarat Subah was a province (subah) of the Mughal Empire,encompassing the Gujarat region. The region first fell under Mughal control in 1573,when the Mughal emperor Akbar defeated the Gujarat Sultanate under Muzaffar Shah III.
Hari Parbat Fort is a historical fortification atop the Hari Parbat hill in Srinagar,Jammu and Kashmir,India. The fort was built during the late 18th/early 19th century by Atta Mohammad Khan,governor of Kashmir under Durrani rule. The fort's rampart dates earlier to the late 16th century,from a non-extant fortification built by Mughal emperor Akbar.
The Mughal Empire,which was established following the defeat of Ibrahim Lodi in 1526 at the First Battle of Panipat and consolidated over the time with expansionist policy of its rulers,derived its strength from its nobility which was hypergamous and included the Indian muslims,Turks,Afghans,and even Hindu Rajputs and Khatris. The Mughal rulers were successful in reigning over a long period of time over the vast area of the subcontinent because of their administrative and religious policy,which provided for the cohesion among various sects and creeds. Both Babur and Humayun were busy throughout their regnal years in wars and conquest apart from suppression of revolt and couldn't devote enough time for the administration and policies formulation. It was Akbar during whose reign the religious policy of the Mughals were formulated. The later Mughals followed Akbar but violation of his policy went unabated many a times leading to the complete downfall of the theory of "divine religion" propounded by Akbar during the regnal years of Aurangzeb.
Sultan-un-Nissa Nithar Begum was a Mughal princess,the eldest child and first daughter of Mughal Emperor Jahangir from his first wife,Shah Begum.
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