Shaykh al-Islām was used in the classical era as an honorific title for outstanding scholars of the Islamic sciences. It first emerged in Khurasan towards the end of the 4th Islamic century. In the central and western lands of Islam, it was an informal title given to jurists whose fatwas were particularly influential, while in the east it came to be conferred by rulers to ulama who played various official roles but were not generally muftis. Sometimes, as in the case of Ibn Taymiyyah, the use of the title was subject to controversy. In the Ottoman Empire, starting from the early modern era, the title came to designate the chief mufti, who oversaw a hierarchy of state-appointed ulama. The Ottoman Sheikh al-Islam performed a number of functions, including advising the sultan on religious matters, legitimizing government policies, and appointing judges.
Muhammad GhawthGwaliyari (1500–1562) was a 16th-century Sufi master of the Shattari order and Sufi saint, a musician, and the author of Jawahir-i Khams. The book mentioning the life and miracles of Gaus named " Heaven's witness" was written by Kugle.
Muḥammad ʾAmīn ʾAstarābādī was an Iranian theologian and founder or proponent of the orthodox conservative (Akhbari) strand in Twelver Shia Islamic belief, those who base their theology on hadiths and reject fatwas. He was born in Astarabad, the former name of Gorgan.
The Shattari or Shattariyya are members of a Sufi order that originated in Safavid Iran in the fifteenth century and developed, completed, and codified in India. Later, secondary branches were taken to the Hejaz and to Indonesia. The word Shattar, which means "lightning-quick," "speed," "rapidity," or "fast-goer" shows a system of spiritual practices that lead to a state of "completion," but the name derives from its founder, Abdullah Shattar.
Hashim Peer Dastagir was an Indian Sufi saint belonging to the Qadri Shattari order. His shrine is in Bijapur, Karnataka, India.
Arabs in India are people with Arab origins who have over a long period of time, settled in the Indian subcontinent. There have been extensive trade and cultural links between India and the Arab world spanning several millennia. The west coast region of India, especially Malabar and Konkan coasts were active trading hubs, where Arab merchants frequently used to visit on their way to Sri Lanka and South East Asia. Over a span of several centuries, migrants from different Arabian nations immigrated to various regions and kingdoms of the Indian subcontinent as merchants, missionaries and through intermarriages.
Najm ad-Dīn Abū Ḥafṣ 'Umar ibn Muḥammad an-Nasafī was a Muslim jurist, theologian, mufassir, muhaddith and historian. A Persian scholar born in present-day Uzbekistan, he wrote mostly in Arabic.
Wajihuddin's Tomb or Hazrat Wajihuddin Dargah, is a tomb of Sufi saint Wajihuddin Alvi in Khanpur area of Ahmedabad, India.
Sheikh ‘Uthman Sirâj-ud-Dîn Al-Naqshbandi known as Uthman Siraj-ud-Din at-Tavili or Uthman Siraj-ud-Din al-Awal was an 18th-century Kurdish sufi, saint and Islamic scholar. He is sayyid and sherif, and was also a descendent of Sayyid Battal Gazi. He belonged to one of the most influential noble households of the Middle East and Ottoman Empire, the Sheikhs of Tavil. Uthman Sirâj-ud-Dîn was one of the great sheikhs of his time.
Sayed Mohiuddin Hussaini Peerzade, also known as Sayed Tanveer Hashmi, is a Sufi leader and spiritual master from Bijapur Sharif, a Sufi shrine in Karnataka, India. Tanveer Hashmi is a patron of various academic, social, and other activities of Sufi Sunni Muslims in India. He belong to Hussiani Hashmi Family, the family of Ahl al-Bayt. His official name in Shajra Shareef is Syed Mohiuddin Hussaini Hashmi al-Qadri.
Akmal al-Din al-Babarti, was a Hanafi scholar, jurist, scholastic Maturidi theologian, mufassir, muhaddis, grammarian (nahawi), an eloquent orator, and prolific author with more than 40 works to his name.
Ahmad Zayni Dahlan (1816–1886) was the Grand Mufti of Mecca between 1871 and his death. He also held the position of Shaykh al-Islam in the Hejaz and Imam al-Haramayn. Theologically and juridically, he followed the Shafi'i school of thought.
Muhammad 'Abid al-Sindi al-Ansari, was a Hanafi jurist (faqih), hadith expert (muhaddith), judge (qadi), and the shaykh of the 'ulama of his time in the city of Madina during the Ottoman Caliphate. His lineage reaches back to Abu Ayyub al-Ansari.
Yaʿqūb ibn ʿUthmān ibn Maḥmūd al-Charkhī was a Naqshbandi Sufi pir and student of Khwaja Sayyid Alauddin Atar. Yaqub Charkhi was born in 762, in a village called Charkh in Logar, Afghanistan AH and died in 851. He was a Sufi master and also a reputed Islamic scholar.
Zahabiya Sufism is a Shiite order. The history of dervishes from this order dates to the third century AH and Ma'ruf al-Karkhi. Some believe that the order originated during the ninth century AH in Iran; it first became popular in Khorasan and then in Shiraz during the early Safavid period.
Muḥammad Fayḍ Allāh ibn Hidāyat ʿAlī al-Islāmābādī, popularly known as Mufti Faizullah, was a Bangladeshi Deobandi Islamic scholar, mufti, poet, educator and a reformer. He was among early students to study at the Darul Uloom Hathazari. He was an alumnus of Darul Uloom Deoband and later served as the Chief Mufti of the Darul Uloom Hathazari. He established Mekhal Madrasa following in the style of Ashab-e Suffah. He authored over 100 books in Arabic, Persian and Urdu.
Fakhr al-Islām ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd ibn Rustam ʿAlī al-Madārshāhī, commonly known as Abdul Hamid Madarshahi or simply Abdul Hamid, was a Bengali Islamic scholar, author and educationist. He was one of the pioneers of introducing the Deobandi movement in Bengal and is noted for being one of the founding fathers of Al-Jamiatul Ahlia Darul Ulum Moinul Islam in Hathazari.
Sharh al-'Aqa'id al-Nasafiyya is a commentary written by the Hanafi-Shafi'i scholar al-Taftazani on the creed of Najm al-Din 'Umar al-Nasafi, an authoritative compendium on Islamic Sunni theology that remained a standard textbook in Ottoman schools. The book is a commentary on al-Nasafi's treatise, in which al-Nasafi systematized Hanafi-Maturidi theology. However, al-Taftazani adopted an Ash'ari perspective in his commentary.
Abdulmohsen Al-Qasim is a Saudi Islamic scholar, imam, preacher, and author.
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