Francesco Foscari was the 65th Doge of the Republic of Venice from 1423 to 1457. His reign,the longest of all Doges in Venetian history,lasted 34 years,6 months and 8 days,and coincided with the inception of the Italian Renaissance.
The Doge of Venice sometimes translated as Duke,was the chief magistrate and leader of the Republic of Venice between 726 and 1797.
An elective monarchy is a monarchy ruled by an elected monarch,in contrast to a hereditary monarchy in which the office is automatically passed down as a family inheritance. The manner of election,the nature of candidate qualifications,and the electors vary from case to case. Historically,it was common for elective monarchies to transform into hereditary ones over time or for hereditary ones to acquire at least occasional elective aspects.
Kamer Daron Acemoğlu is a Turkish-born American economist who has taught at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) since 1993. He is currently the Elizabeth and James Killian Professor of Economics at MIT. He was named Institute Professor in 2019.
The House of Orseolo was a powerful Venetian noble family descended from Orso Ipato and his son Teodato Ipato,the first Doges of Venice. Four members of the Orseolo family became Doges,Commander of the Venetian fleet,and King of Hungary. They reconstructed St Mark's Basilica and the Doge's Palace after the revolution.
A doge was an elected lord and head of state in several Italian city-states,notably Venice and Genoa,during the medieval and Renaissance periods. Such states are referred to as "crowned republics".
Pietro I Orseolo OSBCam,also named Peter Urseulus,(928–987) was the Doge of Venice from 976 until 978. He abdicated his office and left in the middle of the night to become a monk. He later entered the order of the Camaldolese Hermits of Mount Corona. He is venerated as a saint in the Catholic Church. In 1733 the Venetian librarian Giuseppe Bettinelli published an edition of a biography written by the Friar Fulgenzio Manfredi in 1606.
John the Deacon was a Venetian deacon,secretary to the doge of Venice and a chronicler.
Domenico Selvo was the 31st Doge of Venice,serving from 1071 to 1084. During his reign as Doge,his domestic policies,the alliances that he forged,and the battles that the Venetian military won and lost laid the foundations for much of the subsequent foreign and domestic policy of the Republic of Venice. He avoided confrontations with the Byzantine Empire,the Holy Roman Empire,and the Roman Catholic Church at a time in European history when conflict threatened to upset the balance of power. At the same time,he forged new agreements with the major nations that would set up a long period of prosperity for the Republic of Venice. Through his military alliance with the Byzantine Empire,Emperor Alexios I Komnenos awarded Venice economic favors with the declaration of a golden bull that would allow for the development of the republic's international trade over the next few centuries.
Domenico Contarini was the 30th Doge of Venice. His reign lasted from his election in 1043 following the death of Domenico Flabanico until his own death in 1071. During his reign,the Venetians recaptured Zadar and parts of Dalmatia that had been lost to the Kingdom of Croatia in the previous few decades. The Venetian naval fleet was heavily built up during his reign,the economy thrived,and the Republic of Venice had reasserted its control over much of the Mediterranean Sea.
Pietro Barbolano was the 28th Doge of Venice. Reportedly a descendant of the legendary Eraclea,he was elected by the assembly of the nobles after the deposition of his predecessor,Otto Orseolo. The dates of his birth and death are unknown.
Otto Orseolo was the Doge of Venice from 1008 to 1026. He was the third son of Doge Pietro II of the House of Orseolo,and Maria Candiano,whom he succeeded at the age of sixteen,becoming the youngest doge in Venetian history.
Vitale Candiano was the 24th doge of the Republic of Venice.
Domenico Morosini was the thirty-seventh doge of the Republic of Venice,reigning from 1148 until his death in 1156.
Domenico II Contarini was the 104th Doge of Venice,reigning from his election on October 16,1659 until his death.
Alvise Contarini was the 106th Doge of Venice,reigning from his election on 26 August 1676 until his death seven and a half years later. He was the eighth and final member of the House of Contarini to serve as Doge of Venice.
Gabriele Adorno (1320–1383) was the fourth Doge of Genoa. A member of the Adorno family,he was elected on March 14,1363 to succeed Simone Boccanegra,who had died in office. He remained in the position until August 13,1370,when he was deposed by the people of Genoa. He was succeeded by Domenico di Campofregoso.
This article presents a detailed timeline of the history of the Republic of Venice from its legendary foundation to its collapse under the efforts of Napoleon.
The Concio,in the Republic of Venice,was the general assembly of freemen from which the Doge was elected. It existed between the years 742 and 1423,although it wast mostly ceremonial after the Serrata del Maggior Consiglio passed power into the hands of the aristocratic class.
Why Nations Fail:The Origins of Power,Prosperity,and Poverty,first published in 2012,is a book by economists Daron Acemoglu and James A. Robinson. The book applies insights from institutional economics,development economics and economic history to understand why nations develop differently,with some succeeding in the accumulation of power and prosperity and others failing,via a wide range of historical case studies.
