In mathematics,a conjecture is a conclusion or a proposition that is proffered on a tentative basis without proof. Some conjectures,such as the Riemann hypothesis or Fermat's conjecture,have shaped much of mathematical history as new areas of mathematics are developed in order to prove them.
In the mathematical field of geometric topology,the Poincaréconjecture is a theorem about the characterization of the 3-sphere,which is the hypersphere that bounds the unit ball in four-dimensional space.
Vladimir Igorevich Arnold was a Soviet and Russian mathematician. He is best known for the Kolmogorov–Arnold–Moser theorem regarding the stability of integrable systems,and contributed to several areas,including geometrical theory of dynamical systems,algebra,catastrophe theory,topology,real algebraic geometry,symplectic geometry,differential equations,classical mechanics,differential-geometric approach to hydrodynamics,geometric analysis and singularity theory,including posing the ADE classification problem.
Maxim Lvovich Kontsevich is a Russian and French mathematician and mathematical physicist. He is a professor at the Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques and a distinguished professor at the University of Miami. He received the Henri PoincaréPrize in 1997,the Fields Medal in 1998,the Crafoord Prize in 2008,the Shaw Prize and Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics in 2012,and the Breakthrough Prize in Mathematics in 2015.
Grigori Yakovlevich Perelman is a Russian mathematician and geometer who is known for his contributions to the fields of geometric analysis,Riemannian geometry,and geometric topology. In 2005,Perelman resigned from his research post in Steklov Institute of Mathematics and in 2006 stated that he had quit professional mathematics,owing to feeling disappointed over the ethical standards in the field. He lives in seclusion in Saint Petersburg and has declined requests for interviews since 2006.
Sir Erik Christopher Zeeman FRS,was a British mathematician,known for his work in geometric topology and singularity theory.
Popular mathematics is mathematical presentation aimed at a general audience. Sometimes this is in the form of books which require no mathematical background and in other cases it is in the form of expository articles written by professional mathematicians to reach out to others working in different areas.
David Eisenbud is an American mathematician. He is a professor of mathematics at the University of California,Berkeley and former director of the then Mathematical Sciences Research Institute (MSRI),now known as Simons Laufer Mathematical Sciences Institute (SLMath). He served as Director of MSRI from 1997 to 2007,and then again from 2013 to 2022.
Selman Akbulut is a Turkish mathematician,specializing in research in topology,and geometry. He was a professor at Michigan State University until February 2020.
Claire Voisin is a French mathematician known for her work in algebraic geometry. She is a member of the French Academy of Sciences and holds the chair of algebraic geometry at the Collège de France.
John Willard Morgan is an American mathematician known for his contributions to topology and geometry. He is a Professor Emeritus at Columbia University and a member of the Simons Center for Geometry and Physics at Stony Brook University.
John Robert Stallings Jr. was a mathematician known for his seminal contributions to geometric group theory and 3-manifold topology. Stallings was a Professor Emeritus in the Department of Mathematics at the University of California at Berkeley where he had been a faculty member since 1967. He published over 50 papers,predominantly in the areas of geometric group theory and the topology of 3-manifolds. Stallings' most important contributions include a proof,in a 1960 paper,of the PoincaréConjecture in dimensions greater than six and a proof,in a 1971 paper,of the Stallings theorem about ends of groups.
The Millennium Prize Problems are seven well-known complex mathematical problems selected by the Clay Mathematics Institute in 2000. The Clay Institute has pledged a US $1 million prize for the first correct solution to each problem.
Michel Demazure is a French mathematician. He made contributions in the fields of abstract algebra,algebraic geometry,and computer vision,and participated in the Nicolas Bourbaki collective. He has also been president of the French Mathematical Society and directed two French science museums.
Eric Mark Friedlander is an American mathematician who is working in algebraic topology,algebraic geometry,algebraic K-theory and representation theory.
David Archibald Cox is a retired American mathematician,working in algebraic geometry.
Colin Rourke is a British mathematician who has worked in PL topology,low-dimensional topology,differential topology,group theory,relativity and cosmology,where he is still active. He is an emeritus professor at the Mathematics Institute of the University of Warwick and a founding editor of the journals Geometry &Topology and Algebraic &Geometric Topology,published by Mathematical Sciences Publishers,where he is a permanent member of its board of directors.
Aleksei Nikolaevich Parshin was a Russian mathematician,specializing in arithmetic geometry. He is most well-known for his role in the proof of the Mordell conjecture.
John Brittain Little is a retired American mathematician,the author of several books in algebraic geometry and the history of mathematics. He is distinguished professor emeritus in the departments of mathematics and computer science at the College of the Holy Cross.
