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The Chippewa Cree Tribe is a federally recognized tribe on the Rocky Boy Reservation in Montana who are descendants of Cree who migrated south from Canada and Chippewa (Ojibwe) who moved west from the Turtle Mountains in North Dakota in the late nineteenth century. The two different peoples spoke related but distinct Algonquian languages.
Larry J. Echo Hawk is an American attorney,legal scholar,and politician. A member of the Democratic Party,Echo Hawk served under U.S. President Barack Obama as the United States Assistant Secretary of the Interior for Indian Affairs from 2009 to 2012. He previously served as the Attorney General of Idaho from 1991 to 1995,the first Native American elected to the position,and spent two terms in the Idaho House of Representatives. In 2012,he was called as a general authority of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. As of 2022,Echo Hawk is the last Democrat to have served as Attorney General of Idaho.
Tribal sovereignty in the United States is the concept of the inherent authority of Indigenous tribes to govern themselves within the borders of the United States.
The Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA),also known as Indian Affairs (IA),is a United States federal agency within the Department of the Interior. It is responsible for implementing federal laws and policies related to Native Americans and Alaska Natives,and administering and managing over 55,700,000 acres (225,000 km2) of reservations held in trust by the U.S. federal government for indigenous tribes. It renders services to roughly 2 million indigenous Americans across 574 federally recognized tribes. The BIA is governed by a director and overseen by the Assistant Secretary for Indian Affairs,who answers to the Secretary of the Interior.
Zachariah Chandler was an American businessman,politician,and one of the founders of the Republican Party,whose radical wing he dominated as a lifelong abolitionist. He was mayor of Detroit,a four-term senator from the state of Michigan,and Secretary of the Interior under President Ulysses S. Grant.
Rocky Boy's Indian Reservation is one of seven Native American reservations in the U.S. state of Montana. Established by an act of Congress on September 7,1916,it was named after Ahsiniiwin,the chief of the Chippewa band,who had died a few months earlier. It was established for landless Chippewa (Ojibwe) Indians in the American West,but within a short period of time many Cree (Nēhiyaw) and Métis were also settled there. Today the Cree outnumber the Chippewa on the reservation. The Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) recognizes it as the Chippewa Cree Reservation.
The Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians is a federally recognized Native American tribe of Ojibwe based on the Turtle Mountain Indian Reservation in Belcourt,North Dakota. The tribe has 30,000 enrolled members. A population of 5,815 reside on the main reservation and another 2,516 reside on off-reservation trust land.
State-recognized tribes in the United States are organizations that identify as Native American tribes or heritage groups that do not meet the criteria for federally recognized Indian tribes but have been recognized by a process established under assorted state government laws for varying purposes or by governor's executive orders. State recognition does not dictate whether or not they are recognized as Native American tribes by continually existing tribal nations.
The Indian Gaming Regulatory Act is a 1988 United States federal law that establishes the jurisdictional framework that governs Indian gaming. There was no federal gaming structure before this act. The stated purposes of the act include providing a legislative basis for the operation/regulation of Indian gaming,protecting gaming as a means of generating revenue for the tribes,encouraging economic development of these tribes,and protecting the enterprises from negative influences. The law established the National Indian Gaming Commission and gave it a regulatory mandate. The law also delegated new authority to the U.S. Department of the Interior and created new federal offenses,giving the U.S. Department of Justice authority to prosecute them.
Cobell v. Salazar is a class-action lawsuit brought by Elouise Cobell (Blackfeet) and other Native American representatives in 1996 against two departments of the United States government:the Department of Interior and the Department of the Treasury for mismanagement of Indian trust funds. It was settled in 2009. The plaintiffs claim that the U.S. government has incorrectly accounted for the income from Indian trust assets,which are legally owned by the Department of the Interior,but held in trust for individual Native Americans. The case was filed in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia. The original complaint asserted no claims for mismanagement of the trust assets,since such claims could only properly be asserted in the United States Court of Federal Claims.
The Brothertown Indians,located in Wisconsin,are a possible Native American tribe formed in the late 18th century from communities of so-called "praying Indians",descended from Christianized Pequot,Narragansett,Montauk,Tunxis,Niantic,and Mohegan (Algonquian-speaking) tribes of southern New England and eastern Long Island,New York. In the 1780s after the American Revolutionary War,they migrated from New England into New York state,where they accepted land from the Iroquois Oneida Nation in Oneida County.
Indian termination is a phrase describing United States policies relating to Native Americans from the mid-1940s to the mid-1960s. It was shaped by a series of laws and practices with the intent of assimilating Native Americans into mainstream American society. Cultural assimilation of Native Americans was not new;the belief that indigenous people should abandon their traditional lives and become what the government considers "civilized" had been the basis of policy for centuries. What was new,however,was the sense of urgency that,with or without consent,tribes must be terminated and begin to live "as Americans." To that end,Congress set about ending the special relationship between tribes and the federal government.
Kevin K. Washburn is an American law professor,former dean of the University of New Mexico School of Law,and current Dean of the University of Iowa College of Law. He served in the administration of President Barack Obama as Assistant Secretary for Indian Affairs at the U.S. Department of the Interior from 2012 to 2016. Washburn has also been a federal prosecutor,a trial attorney at the U.S. Department of Justice,and the General Counsel of the National Indian Gaming Commission. Washburn is a member of the Chickasaw Nation of Oklahoma,a federally-recognized Native American tribe.
Several Native American tribes within the United States register motor vehicles and issue license plates to those vehicles.
Prairie Band Potawatomi Nation is a federally recognized tribe of Neshnabé,headquartered near Mayetta,Kansas.
Merrion v. Jicarilla Apache Tribe,455 U.S. 130 (1982),was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States holding that an Indian tribe has the authority to impose taxes on non-Indians that are conducting business on the reservation as an inherent power under their tribal sovereignty.
Kerr-McGee v. Navajo Tribe,471 U.S. 195 (1985),was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that an Indian tribe is not required to obtain the approval of the Secretary of the Interior in order to impose taxes on non-tribal persons or entities doing business on a reservation.
Bryan Todd Newland is an American attorney and tribal leader serving as the Assistant Secretary of the Interior for Indian Affairs.
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Indigenous Goveranace Database". Native Nations Institute. University of Arizona. Retrieved 7 May 2023.
- 1 2 Cassar, Cameron (22 March 2022). "Bringing Tradition to the Forefront". Mary Hoch Center for Reconciliation. Retrieved 7 May 2023.
- ↑ Biographical Statement of Del Laverdure Deputy Assistant Secretary-Indian Affairs U.S. Department of the Interior. Archived March 26, 2012, at the Wayback Machine nativenationevents.org, 2009. Retrieved 5 July 2011.
- ↑ "Echo Hawk Sets Resignation Date for April 27". Archived from the original on 2013-10-21. Retrieved 2020-01-14.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ↑ "Info" (PDF). www.bia.gov/cs. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-02-02. Retrieved 2016-08-07.
- ↑ "Data" (PDF). www.gpo.gov. 2012.