Douglas Ousterhout

Last updated

Douglas K. Ousterhout is a retired [1] [2] craniofacial surgeon who practiced in San Francisco, CA, United States. [3] [4] [5] His specialty was facial feminization surgery for trans women, and he was widely considered the foremost facial feminization surgeon in the United States. [6] Ousterhout also pioneered facial masculinization surgery for people undergoing female-to-male gender reassignment. [7] [8] Ousterhout received MD and DDS degrees from the University of Michigan Ann Arbor. He is a voluntary clinical professor of surgery in the School of Medicine [9] and an adjunct professor of dentistry in the Dental School at University of California, San Francisco. [10]

Contents

Facial feminization surgery (FFS) began in 1982 when Darrell Pratt, a plastic surgeon who performed sex reassignment surgeries, approached Ousterhout with a request from a trans woman, a patient of Pratt's who wanted plastic surgery to make her face appear more feminine, since people still reacted to her as though she were a man. [11] Ousterhout's prior practice had involved reconstructing faces and skulls of people who had suffered birth defects, accidents or other trauma. [11] Ousterhout was interested in helping but knew that he didn't know what a "female face" was, so he investigated by first reading the physical anthropology from the early 20th century to identify what features were "female", then by deriving measurements defining those features from a series of cephalograms taken in the 1970s, and then by working with a set of several hundred skulls to see if he could reliably differentiate which were females and which were males using those measurements. [11] [12] Ousterhout then began working out what surgical techniques and materials he already used that he could apply in order to transform a male face into a female face; he pioneered most of the procedures involved in FFS and was involved in their subsequent improvements as well. [12]

FFS generally involves advancing the hairline, making the forehead smaller and rounder, reducing the brow ridge, shortening and narrowing the nose, shortening the upper lip, shortening the chin, narrowing the jaw, and reducing the laryngeal prominence. [13] As of 2006 there were only about twelve surgeons in the world performing FFS. [6]

Notable Ousterhout patients who have written about their surgery include Lynn Conway, [14] Andrea James, [15] and Nicole Hamilton. [16]

Wine

Ousterhout and wife Nancy also own and manage Ousterhout Wine and Vineyards. [17] [18] Wine & Spirits website featured their 2012 Zinfandel as part of National Zinfandel Day in 2015 [19] and their 2011 Zinfandel as part of the 2014 California Wine Month celebration. [20]

Personal life

Ousterhout lived in the Mrs. Doubtfire home, which he bought in 1997. The title character in the movie, played by Robin Williams, is a divorced man who pretends to be an older female nanny so he can be around his children. Ousterhout briefly knew Williams and liked the connection, explaining, "I turn boys' faces into girls' faces. It seemed only natural." [21] In 2015, a disgruntled former patient tried to set the front door on fire. [22]

See also

Publications

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Plastic surgery</span> Medical surgical specialty

Plastic surgery is a surgical specialty involving the restoration, reconstruction, or alteration of the human body. It can be divided into two main categories: reconstructive surgery and cosmetic surgery. Reconstructive surgery includes craniofacial surgery, hand surgery, microsurgery, and the treatment of burns. While reconstructive surgery aims to reconstruct a part of the body or improve its functioning, cosmetic surgery aims at improving the appearance of it.

Sex reassignment surgery (SRS) is a surgical procedure, or series of procedures, that alters a transgender or transsexual person's physical appearance and sexual characteristics to resemble those associated with their identified gender, and alleviate gender dysphoria. The term is also sometimes used to describe surgical intervention for intersex people. It is also known as gender reassignment surgery (GRS), gender confirmation surgery (GCS), and several other names.

Sex change is a process by which a living being changes sex – that is, by which female sexual characteristics are substituted for male ones or vice versa.

Sir Harold Delf Gillies was a New Zealand otolaryngologist and father of modern plastic surgery.

Facial feminization surgery (FFS) is a set of reconstructive surgical procedures that alter typically male facial features to bring them closer in shape and size to typical female facial features. FFS can include various bony and soft tissue procedures such as brow lift, rhinoplasty, cheek implantation, and lip augmentation.

Sex reassignment therapy or medical transition is the medical aspect of gender transitioning, that is, modifying one's sex characteristics to better suit one's gender identity. It can consist of hormone therapy to modify secondary sex characteristics, sex reassignment surgery to alter primary sex characteristics, and other procedures altering appearance, such as permanent hair removal for trans women.

The following outline offers an overview and guide to transgender topics.

Sex reassignment surgery for female-to-male transgender people includes a variety of surgical procedures that alter anatomical traits to provide physical traits more comfortable to the trans man's male identity and functioning.

Sex reassignment surgery for male-to-female transgender women or transfeminine non-binary people describes a variety of surgical procedures that alter the body to provide physical traits more comfortable and affirming to an individual's gender identity and overall functioning.

Suporn Watanyusakul is a Thai plastic and reconstructive surgeon. He is considered by some to be a world leader in surgical procedures for transgender individuals. He performs facial feminization surgery and male-to-female (MTF) sex reassignment surgery (SRS).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">History of intersex surgery</span> Aspect of history

The history of intersex surgery is intertwined with the development of the specialities of pediatric surgery, pediatric urology, and pediatric endocrinology, with our increasingly refined understanding of sexual differentiation, with the development of political advocacy groups united by a human qualified analysis, and in the last decade by doubts as to efficacy, and controversy over when and even whether some procedures should be performed.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Oral and maxillofacial surgery</span> Surgical treatment

Oral and maxillofacial surgery is a surgical specialty focusing on reconstructive surgery of the face, facial trauma surgery, the oral cavity, head and neck, mouth, and jaws, as well as facial cosmetic surgery/facial plastic surgery including cleft lip and cleft palate surgery.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Frontal sinus</span>

The frontal sinuses are one of the four pairs of paranasal sinuses that are situated behind the brow ridges. Sinuses are mucosa-lined airspaces within the bones of the face and skull. Each opens into the anterior part of the corresponding middle nasal meatus of the nose through the frontonasal duct which traverses the anterior part of the labyrinth of the ethmoid. These structures then open into the semilunar hiatus in the middle meatus.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Toby Meltzer</span> American surgeon

Toby R. Meltzer is an American plastic and reconstructive surgeon. Meltzer specializes in sex reassignment surgery male-to-female, sex reassignment surgery female-to-male, and facial feminization surgery. In the 1990s, Meltzer pioneered the neovaginal construction technique that increased the ability of the neoclitoris to feel sensations. According to his website, Meltzer performs 2-4 vaginoplasties a week, and that he has performed over 3000 male and female sexual reassignment (SRS) surgeries. Joan Roughgarden called Meltzer one of the leading surgeons in this specialized field. He practices in Scottsdale, Arizona.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Trans woman</span> Transgender or transsexual woman

A trans woman is a woman who was assigned male at birth. Trans women have a female gender identity, may experience gender dysphoria, and may transition; this process commonly includes hormone replacement therapy and sometimes sex reassignment surgery, which can bring relief and resolve feelings of gender dysphoria. Like cisgender women, trans women may have any sexual orientation.

Hairline lowering is a surgical technique that allows an individual to have their frontal hairline advanced certain distances depending on variables such as pre-operative hairline height, scalp laxity, and patient preference. It can be used to address a congenitally high hairline or sometimes a hairline that has recessed from hair loss. It is performed mostly on women.

A prosthetic testicle is an artificial replacement for a testicle lost through surgery or injury. Consisting of a plastic ovoid manufactured from silicone rubber, and either solid, or filled with a salt solution and implanted in the scrotum, a prosthetic testicle provides the appearance and feel of a testis and prevents scrotum shrinkage. It is also commonly used in female-to-male sex reassignment surgery.

Facial masculinization surgery (FMS) is a set of plastic surgery procedures that can transform the patient’s face to exhibit typical masculine morphology. Cisgender men may elect to undergo these procedures, and in the context of transgender people, FMS is a type of facial gender confirmation surgery (FGCS), which also includes facial feminization surgery (FFS) for transgender women.

Jordan Christopher Deschamps-Braly is an American maxillofacial and craniofacial surgeon specializing in facial gender reassignment surgery for transgender people. He co-developed a procedure for building a new Adam's apple for trans men and is known for his work as a plastic surgeon for trans women.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Feminization laryngoplasty</span>

Feminization laryngoplasty is a surgical procedure that results in the increase of the pitch of a patient, making the voice sound higher and more feminine. It is a type of voice feminization surgery (VFS) and an alternative to vocal therapy. Feminization laryngoplasty is performed as a treatment for both transgender woman and non-binary people as part of their gender transition, and woman with androphonia. The surgery can be categorized into two main steps: Incision and vocal fold modification followed by thyrohyoid elevation. Risks and complications include granuloma, dysphonia and tracheostomy. Patients are recommended to follow perioperative management such as voice rest to hasten recovery.

References

  1. ↑ Kron, Joan (June 12, 2015), "A Look at Caitlyn Jenner's Facial Feminization Surgery", Allure, Condé Nast, retrieved June 15, 2016
  2. ↑ Eric Plemons (2017). The Look of a Woman: Facial Feminization Surgery and the Aims of Trans- Medicine. Durham : Duke University Press. ISBN   9780822372707. By the time he retired in 2014, he had performed nearly 1,700 FFS operations - far and away the most of any surgeon in the world.
  3. ↑ Scurlock, James D. (2012). King Larry: The Life and Ruins of a Billionaire Genius. Scribner, a Division of Simon & Schuster, Inc. pp. 171–175. ISBN   9781416593942.
  4. ↑ Van Marie, Karin (1006). Sex, Gender, Becoming: Post-apartheid Reflections. Pretoria University Law Press. p. 12. ISBN   9780958509756.
  5. ↑ Douglas Ousterhout, Home, archived from the original on January 15, 2012, retrieved February 6, 2018
  6. 1 2 Guthmann, Edward (April 26, 2006). "Facing facts". SF Chronicle. Retrieved 29 June 2014. Ousterhout, who practices at the California Pacific Medical Center's Davies campus on Castro Street, is widely considered the country's foremost facial feminization surgeon.
  7. ↑ Colebunders, Britt; D'Arpa, Salvatore; Weijers, Steven; Lumen, Nikolaas; Hoebeke, Piet; Monstrey, Stan (2016). "Chapter 15: Female-to-Male Gender Reassignment Surgery". In Ettner, Randi; Monstrey, Stan; Coleman, Eli (eds.). Principles of Transgender Medicine and Surgery (2nd ed.). Routledge. p. 282. ISBN   9781317514602.
  8. ↑ Douglas Ousterhout, Masculinization, archived from the original on January 15, 2012, retrieved February 6, 2018
  9. ↑ "Directory:Douglas Ousterhout". UCSF. Retrieved 19 July 2018.
  10. ↑ "Dr. Douglas K. Ousterhout" . Retrieved July 18, 2018.
  11. 1 2 3 Plemons, ED (Oct 2014). "Description of sex difference as prescription for sex change: on the origins of facial feminization surgery". Soc Stud Sci. 44 (5): 657–79. doi:10.1177/0306312714531349. PMID   25362828. S2CID   24609120.
  12. 1 2 Altman, K (Aug 2012). "Facial feminization surgery: current state of the art". Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 41 (8): 885–94. doi:10.1016/j.ijom.2012.04.024. PMID   22682235.
  13. ↑ Morrison, SD; et al. (Jun 2016). ""Facial Feminization " Systematic Review of the Literature". Plast Reconstr Surg. 137 (6): 1759–70. doi:10.1097/PRS.0000000000002171. PMID   27219232. S2CID   23174099.
  14. ↑ Conway, Lynn (2011-11-16). "Lynn's Facial Feminization Surgery (FFS)". University of Michigan . Retrieved 13 July 2016.
  15. ↑ James, Andrea (January 16, 1997). "My surgical journal: Scalp Advancement, Brow Shave, Brow Lift, and Trachea Shave" . Retrieved 13 July 2016.
  16. ↑ Hamilton, Nicole (April 8, 2013). "My Experience with Facial Surgery" . Retrieved 13 July 2016.
  17. ↑ Yarrow, Alden (January 24, 2015). "Vinography Unboxed: Week of January 18, 2015". Vinography . Retrieved 13 July 2016.
  18. ↑ Mobley, Esther (September 2, 2015). "Tasting Notes: The spectrum of rosé wine recommendations". San Francisco Chronicle . Retrieved 13 July 2016.
  19. ↑ "National Zinfandel Day: Ousterhout 2012 Alexander Valley Nance's Vineyard Zinfandel". www.wineandspiritsmagazine.com. Wine & Spirits Magazine. November 18, 2015. Archived from the original on 6 February 2018.
  20. ↑ Sykora, Luke (September 3, 2014). "California Wine Month: Ousterhout 2011 Alexander Valley Nance's Vineyard Zinfandel". Wine & Spirits Magazine. Archived from the original on 6 February 2018.
  21. ↑ Redell, Bob; Fernandez, Lisa (August 12, 2014). ""It Seemed Only Natural": Plastic Surgeon Owns "Mrs. Doubtfire" Home". NBCUniversal Media, LLC. Retrieved June 20, 2016.
  22. ↑ Sernoffsky, Evan (January 6, 2015). "'Mrs. Doubtfire' home in San Francisco singed by arsonist". SFGATE.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.