Drake Icefall

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Drake Icefall, January 2018 Drake Icefall.jpg
Drake Icefall, January 2018

Drake Icefall is an icefall 2 nautical miles (4 km) wide between the Soholt Peaks and the Edson Hills in Antarctica, draining eastward from the plateau to join the general flow of Union Glacier through the Heritage Range, Ellsworth Mountains. It was named by the University of Minnesota Ellsworth Mountains Party, 1962–63, for Benjamin Drake IV, a geologist and member of the party. [1]

Icefall

An icefall is a portion of certain glaciers characterized by rapid flow and a chaotic crevassed surface. The term icefall is formed by analogy with the word waterfall, a similar, but much higher speed, phenomenon. When ice movement is faster than elsewhere, because the glacier bed steepens or narrows, the flow cannot be accommodated by plastic deformation and the ice fractures, forming crevasses. Where two fractures meet, seracs can be formed. When the movement of the ice slows down, the crevasses can coalesce, resulting in the surface of the glacier becoming smoother.

Soholt Peaks are a group of rugged, ice-free peaks rising between Gifford Peaks and Drake Icefall in the Heritage Range of the Ellsworth Mountains in Antarctica. They were named by the University of Minnesota Ellsworth Mountains Party of 1962–63 for Donald E. Soholt, a geologist with that party. The Soholt Peaks were first traversed in December 2013 by Ralf Laier, Pachi Ibarra and Seth Timpano in Alpine style. The expedition was split into two phases due to adverse weather conditions and lasted in total eight days and six nights. It included the First Ascent of First Soholt Peak 2328m, Eley Peak (2311m), Lillywhite Peak (2321m), Fourth Peak (22610m), Rooster Comb Ridge (2250m), Cerro Catedral (2412m), Mount Macalester (2480m) and also the First Descent via the Phylon Ice Fall.

The Edson Hills are a group of mainly ice-free hills lying south of Drake Icefall and west of Union Glacier in the Heritage Range of the Ellsworth Mountains in Antarctica. They were named by the University of Minnesota Ellsworth Mountains Party, 1962–63, for Dean T. Edson, a United States Geological Survey topographic engineer with the party.

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Neptune Range

The Neptune Range is a mountain range, 112 km (70 mi) long, lying WSW of Forrestal Range in the central part of the Pensacola Mountains in Antarctica. The range is composed of Washington Escarpment with its associated ridges, valleys and peaks, the Iroquois Plateau, and the Schmidt and Williams Hills. It was discovered and photographed on January 13, 1956 on a US Navy transcontinental plane flight from McMurdo Sound to Weddell Sea and return.

Minnesota Glacier glacier in Antarctica

Minnesota Glacier is a broad glacier, about 40 nautical miles long and 5 nautical miles wide, flowing east through the Ellsworth Mountains in Antarctica, separating the Sentinel Range and the Heritage Range. It is nourished by ice from the plateau west of the mountains and by Nimitz Glacier and Splettstoesser Glacier, and merges into the larger Rutford Ice Stream at the eastern margin of the Ellsworth Mountains.

Barnes Icefalls are the icefalls along Washington Escarpment between Mount Dover and Bennett Spires in the Neptune Range, Pensacola Mountains. They were mapped by the United States Geological Survey from surveys and from U.S. Navy air photos, 1956–66, and named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for James C. Barnes, meteorologist and station scientific leader at Ellsworth Station, winter 1962.

Black Icefalls is a line of icefalls at the south margin of Chapman Snowfield, Churchill Mountains. The icefalls extend southwest from Mount Massam to Vance Bluff, and were named in honor of A. W. Black, a member of the 1959 Cape Hallett winter-over team, working as a technician on the geomagnetic project.

Buggisch Peak is a peak rising to 1,445 metres (4,740 ft), 1 nautical mile (2 km) southwest of Lester Peak, Edson Hills, in the Heritage Range, Ellsworth Mountains, Marie Byrd Land. It was mapped by the United States Geological Survey from surveys and from U.S. Navy aerial photographs, 1961–66, and named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names after Werner Buggisch, a German member of the field party with the United States Antarctic Research Program Ellsworth Mountains Expedition, 1979–80, led by Gerald F. Webers.

Cairn Ridge is a rock ridge adjoining the north side of Dufek Massif, 2 nautical miles (4 km) northeast of Hannah Peak, in the Pensacola Mountains. It was mapped by the United States Geological Survey from surveys and from U.S. Navy air photos, 1956–66. A cairn was erected on this ridge during a visit in December 1957 by the US-IGY traverse party from Ellsworth Station.

Camp Spur is a rock spur along the north wall of May Valley in the Forrestal Range, Pensacola Mountains. It was mapped by the United States Geological Survey from surveys and from U.S. Navy air photos, 1956–66, and named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Gary C. Camp, aerographer at Ellsworth Station, winter 1957.

Owen Ridge ridge in Antarctica

Owen Ridge is a very high and rugged mountain ridge, 22 nautical miles (41 km) long, which forms the southwesternmost element of the Sentinel Range, Ellsworth Mountains. It extends south-southeast from Karnare Col and includes Mount Strybing, Mount Southwick and Lishness Peak, ending up in Bowers Corner. Mapped by United States Geological Survey (USGS) from surveys and U.S. Navy aerial photography, 1957-60. Named by Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) (1974) for Thomas B. Owen, Assistant Director of National and International Programs, National Science Foundation.

Nimbus Hills is a rugged line of hills and peaks about 14 nautical miles (26 km) long, forming the southeast part of Pioneer Heights in the Heritage Range, Ellsworth Mountains. Mapped by United States Geological Survey (USGS) from ground surveys and U.S. Navy air photos, 1961-66. Named by Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) after the National Aeronautics and Space Administration weather satellite, Nimbus, which took photographs of Antarctica from approximately 500 nautical miles (900 km) above earth on September 13, 1964.

Jones Valley is a snow-covered valley between West Prongs and Elliott Ridge in the southern Neptune Range of the Pensacola Mountains in Antarctica. It was mapped by the United States Geological Survey from surveys and from U.S. Navy air photos, 1956–66, and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Lieutenant James G.L. Jones, U.S. Navy, a member of the Ellsworth Station winter party in 1958.

Kosco Peak is a prominent rock peak in the northern part of the Edson Hills, rising to about 1,650 metres (5,400 ft) between Drake Icefall and Hyde Glacier, in the Heritage Range, Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica. It was mapped by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) from surveys and U.S. Navy aerial photographs from 1961–66, and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names after William J. Kosco. Kosco was a topographic engineer at the USGS from 1952–83 and was chief of the Polar Programs Office from 1975–83, with responsibility for Antarctic mapping.

Mount Dolence is a remarkably spired bare rock mountain, 1,950 metres (6,400 ft) high, located in the northwestern extremity of the Enterprise Hills and separated from the Edson Hills by the upper part of Union Glacier, in the Heritage Range, Ellsworth Mountains. It was named by the University of Minnesota Ellsworth Mountains Party, 1962–63, for Jerry D. Dolence, a geologist and a member of the party.

The Meyer Hills are a small group of hills which includes Beaudoin Peak, located between the Enterprise Hills and the head of Constellation Inlet, in the Heritage Range, Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica. They were named by the University of Minnesota Ellsworth Mountains Party of 1962–63 for Harvey J. Meyer, a geologist with that party.

Mount Hirman is a prominent mountain marking the southern end of the Behrendt Mountains, in Ellsworth Land, Antarctica. It was mapped by the United States Geological Survey from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos from 1961–67, and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Joseph W. Hirman, a scientific leader at Eights Station in 1965.

Schoonmaker Ridge is a jagged ridge, 4.5 nautical miles (8 km) long, that runs east from the south part of Reeves Plateau, Cook Mountains. Named by Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) after remote sensing scientist James W. (Bill) Schoonmaker, Jr., topographic engineer, United States Geological Survey (USGS). He spent three austral summers in Antarctica, 1972–76, with geodetic work at South Pole, Byrd Station, Antarctic Peninsula, Ellsworth Mountains and Ross Ice Shelf, where he determined the precise location of geophysical sites established during the Ross Ice Shelf Project, 1973-74 field season.

Rosen Peak is a peak rising to 1220 m in the south part of Gross Hills, Heritage Range, Ellsworth Mountains. It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) (2004) after Lawrence C. Rosen, a geologist on the United States Antarctic Research Program (USARP) Ellsworth Mountains expedition of 1979-80.

Linder Peak is a somewhat lower but very imposing peak standing immediately south of Mount Dolence in the Heritage Range, Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica. It was mapped by the United States Geological Survey from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos from 1961–66, and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Harold W. Linder, a geophysicist with the United States Antarctic Research Program Ross Ice Shelf party of 1961–62.

Schmidt Glacier (Antarctica)

Schmidt Glacier is a glacier, 20 nautical miles long, in the Pioneer Heights of the Heritage Range, Ellsworth Mountains in Antarctica. The glacier originates near Hall Peak and drains north along the west side of Thompson Escarpment and Gross Hills to coalesce with the lower part of Splettstoesser Glacier, north of Mount Virginia. It was named by the University of Minnesota Ellsworth Mountains Party, 1961-62, for Paul G. Schmidt, geologist with the party.

References

PD-icon.svg This article incorporates  public domain material from the United States Geological Survey document "Drake Icefall" (content from the Geographic Names Information System ).

United States Geological Survey scientific agency of the United States government

The United States Geological Survey is a scientific agency of the United States government. The scientists of the USGS study the landscape of the United States, its natural resources, and the natural hazards that threaten it. The organization has four major science disciplines, concerning biology, geography, geology, and hydrology. The USGS is a fact-finding research organization with no regulatory responsibility.

Geographic Names Information System geographical database

The Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) is a database that contains name and locative information about more than two million physical and cultural features located throughout the United States of America and its territories. It is a type of gazetteer. GNIS was developed by the United States Geological Survey in cooperation with the United States Board on Geographic Names (BGN) to promote the standardization of feature names.

Coordinates: 79°46′S83°50′W / 79.767°S 83.833°W / -79.767; -83.833

Geographic coordinate system Coordinate system

A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are often chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position and two or three of the numbers represent a horizontal position; alternatively, a geographic position may be expressed in a combined three-dimensional Cartesian vector. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation. To specify a location on a plane requires a map projection.