e-Governance Academy (eGA, Estonian: E-riigi Akadeemia Sihtasutus) is a non-profit foundation that assists public sector institutions worldwide in digital transformation. [1] The organization was founded in 2002, by a joint initiative of the Government of Estonia, Open Society Institute (OSI), and the United Nations Development Program (UNDP). [2]
eGA is an advisory observer to the Secure Identity Alliance (SIA), [3] member of the Estonian Roundtable for Development Cooperation [4] and partner of the Global Forum on Cyber Expertise (GFCE). [5]
The foundation is governed by the Supervisory Board that includes researchers, top-level managers, and senior officials of Estonia and the European Union: Siim Raie, Paul Timmers, Andre Krull, Margus Kolga, and Toomas Hendrik Ilves, the fourth President of Estonia (2006-2016). [6]
eGA’s team includes former senior Estonian government decision-makers who have taken part in the creation of e-Estonia: Linnar Viik, [7] Hannes Astok, Arvo Ott, [8] Uuno Vallner, [9] Liia Hänni. [10]
So far, eGA has provided assistance and consultations to more than 130 countries around the world, [11] including Ukraine, [12] Benin, [13] Mongolia, [14] Sierra Leone, [15] Barbados, [16] [17] the Cayman Islands, [18] Guyana, [19] [20] [21] the Faroe Islands, [22] India, [23] etc. Partnering with the Australia’s Cyber Cooperation Programme [24] and the Australian Strategic Policy Institute, [25] the e-Governance Academy assessed the digital transformation capabilities and resources of the Pacific Islands. [26] Together with the International and Ibero-American Foundation for Administration and Public Policie (FIIAP), it supports digital transformation in Ukraine and its harmonisation with the EU Digital Single Market. [27] [28]
The organisation has assisted the implementation of the Estonian origin secured data exchange platform X-Road in Benin, [29] [30] [31] Faroe Islands, [32] [33] Palestine, [34] Kyrgyzstan, [35] and Ukraine. [36] [37]
Trainings on e-democracy and cyber security have been provided for government officials in Ukraine [38] [39] and Moldova. [40]
A joint venture with Mitsubishi UFJ Research and Consulting Co., Ltd (MURC) was established to provide digital transformation services for governments in Japan and the Asian region. [41] [42]
eGA created and maintains the National Cyber Security Index (NCSI). Ranking more than 160 countries, it is a detailed cyber security assessment tool, [43] that has also been listed among the International Good Cyber Stories. [44]
The e-Governance Conference [45] [46] [47] is an annual event that brings together digital transformation makers and experts from developing countries around the world. [48] [49]
The handbook “e-Estonia: e-Governance in Practice” covers the main aspects of creating and managing digital society. [50] The handbook “e-Estonia: e-Governance in Practice” became a bestselling book in Japan. [51]
eGA has published a review on the state of e-democracy and cyber security of the Eastern Partnership countries, [52] analyzed and evaluated the current state of e-governance in African countries [53] and compiled recommendations to develop the e-government in Australia. [54]
Same-sex marriage has been legal in Estonia since 1 January 2024. The government elected in the March 2023 election, led by Prime Minister Kaja Kallas and consisting of the Reform Party, the Social Democrats and Estonia 200, vowed to legalize same-sex marriage. Legislation to open marriage to same-sex couples was introduced to the Riigikogu in May 2023, and was approved in a final reading by 55 votes to 34 on 20 June. It was signed into law by President Alar Karis on 27 June, and took effect on 1 January 2024. Estonia was the first Baltic state, the first post-Soviet state, the twentieth country in Europe, and the 35th in the world to legalise same-sex marriage.
Jüri Ratas is an Estonian politician who served as the prime minister of Estonia from 2016 to 2021 and as the leader of the Centre Party from 2016 to 2023, and the mayor of Tallinn from 2005 to 2007. Ratas was a member of the Centre Party until switching to Isamaa in 2024.
The Australian Strategic Policy Institute (ASPI) is a defence and strategic policy think tank based in Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, founded by the Australian government, and funded by the Australian Department of Defence along with overseas governments, and defence and technology companies.
Linnar Viik is an Estonian information technology scientist, entrepreneur and IT visionary.
Marina Kaljurand is an Estonian politician and Member of the European Parliament. Kaljurand served as Minister of Foreign Affairs in Taavi Rõivas' second cabinet as an independent. Earlier, she served as the Ambassador of Estonia to the United States, Russia, Mexico, Canada, Kazakhstan, and Israel.
e-Estonia refers to the digital society of Estonia, which facilitates its citizens' and residents' interactions with the state through the use of ICT solutions. Estonian e-services created under this initiative include e-Tax Board, e-Business, e-Banking, e-Ticket, e-School, University via the internet, the e-Governance Academy, i-Voting, as well as the release of several mobile applications. According to the goals set in Estonia's Digital Agenda 2030, the country aims to assure that high-speed internet is available across the country, the digital government services are the best in the world, and the country's cyberspace is reliable and safe by 2030.
Kaja Kallas is an Estonian politician and diplomat. She was the first female prime minister of Estonia, a role she held from 2021 until 2024, when she resigned in advance of her appointment as High Representative of the European Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy. Since 2024, she has served as High Representative of the European Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy and Vice-President of the European Commission in the second von der Leyen Commission.
The International and Ibero-American Foundation for Administration and Public Policies is a public sector foundation under the Spanish state and a member institution of Cooperación Española, the Spanish government cooperation agency. It works to improve public systems in more than 100 countries by managing international cooperation projects.
Jaanika Merilo is an Estonian-Ukrainian reformer, IT innovator, and philanthropist.
The COVID-19 pandemic in Estonia was a part of the worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.
Veriff is a global identity verification service company founded and headquartered in Tallinn, Estonia. The company offers services for online businesses to mitigate fraud attempts and assisting regulatory compliance. Offering protection from identity fraud and identity theft, Veriff verifies a customer's identity automatically, using an AI that analyzes a multitude of technological and behavioural indicators, including facial recognition. The service is provided to companies as an API, which has been compared to Stripe.
Cyberwarfare is a component of the confrontation between Russia and Ukraine since the Revolution of Dignity in 2013-2014. While the first attacks on information systems of private enterprises and state institutions of Ukraine were recorded during mass protests in 2013, Russian cyberweapon Uroburos had been around since 2005. Russian cyberwarfare continued with the 2015 Ukraine power grid hack at Christmas 2015 and again in 2016, paralysis of the State Treasury of Ukraine in December 2016, a Mass hacker supply-chain attack in June 2017 and attacks on Ukrainian government websites in January 2022.
Alar Karis is an Estonian molecular geneticist, developmental biologist, civil servant and politician who, since 11 October 2021, has served as the sixth president of Estonia.
Diia is a mobile app, a web portal and a brand of e-governance in Ukraine.
During the prelude to the Russian invasion of Ukraine and the Russian invasion of Ukraine, multiple cyberattacks against Ukraine were recorded, as well as some attacks on Russia. The first major cyberattack took place on 14 January 2022, and took down more than a dozen of Ukraine's government websites. According to Ukrainian officials, around 70 government websites, including the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Cabinet of Ministers, and the National and Defense Council (NSDC), were attacked. Most of the sites were restored within hours of the attack. On 15 February, another cyberattack took down multiple government and bank services.
Events in the year 2022 in Estonia.
Since Estonia joined NATO in 2004, Estonia has participated in many joint military operations using its Estonian Defence Forces. Estonia has also participated in NATO-led military and peacekeeping operations before 2004.
Kaja Kallas's first cabinet was the Cabinet of Estonia between 26 January 2021 and 14 July 2022. It was a grand coalition cabinet of the Reform Party and the Centre Party until 3 June 2022 when Kallas dismissed Centre Party ministers from government after several weeks of disputes between the two parties.
The Nordic Institute for Interoperability Solutions (NIIS) is a non-profit established in 2017 by Estonia and Finland, with the mission "to develop e-governance solutions...with the X-Road technology used nationwide in the Estonian X-tee and in the Finnish Suomi.fi Data Exchange Layer services". It is funded by both countries, with around 1M€ annually. In 2019, Iceland was invited as well, and later the Faroe Islands.
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