Related Research Articles
The United States District Court for the Western District of Texas is a federal district court. The court convenes in San Antonio with divisions in Austin,Del Rio,El Paso,Midland,Pecos,and Waco. It has jurisdiction in over 50 Trans-Pecos,Permian Basin,and Hill Country counties of the U.S. state of Texas. This district covers over 92,000 square miles (240,000 km2) and seven divisions.
The Texas obscenity statute is a statute prohibiting the sale of sex toys in Texas. The law was introduced in 1973,and was last updated in 2003. While the law was never formally repealed,in 2008 a U.S. District Judge released a report declaring it to be "facially unconstitutional and unenforceable."
David N. Hurd is a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of New York.
James L. Dennis is an American lawyer,jurist,and former politician serving as a senior United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit,with chambers in New Orleans,Louisiana.
Reed Charles O'Connor is a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas. He was nominated by President George W. Bush in 2007.
Robert Lee Pitman is an American attorney and jurist who serves as a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Texas and former United States Attorney for the Western District of Texas. He was previously a United States Magistrate Judge of the same court.
Warren Kenneth Paxton Jr. is an American politician and lawyer who is serving as the attorney general of Texas since 2015. A member of the Republican Party,he previously served in the Texas Senate representing the eighth district and a member of the Texas House of Representatives.
Carlton Wayne Reeves is a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Mississippi and chair of the United States Sentencing Commission.
Since the passage of the Affordable Care Act (ACA),there have been numerous actions in federal courts to challenge the constitutionality of the legislation. They include challenges by states against the ACA,reactions from legal experts with respect to its constitutionality,several federal court rulings on the ACA's constitutionality,the final ruling on the constitutionality of the legislation by the U.S. Supreme Court in National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius,and notable subsequent lawsuits challenging the ACA. The Supreme Court upheld ACA for a third time in a June 2021 decision.
Julie H. Kocurek is an American attorney who serves as the presiding judge of the 390th District Court in Austin,Texas since January 1999,being appointed by then-Governor George W. Bush. Prior to serving as a Texas state judge,Kocurek served as an assistant district attorney in Travis County for seven years.
Whole Woman's Health v. Hellerstedt,579 U.S. 582 (2016),was a landmark decision of the US Supreme Court announced on June 27,2016. The Court ruled 5–3 that Texas cannot place restrictions on the delivery of abortion services that create an undue burden for women seeking an abortion. On June 28,2016,the Supreme Court refused to hear challenges from Wisconsin and Mississippi where federal appeals courts had struck down similar laws. Other states with similar laws may also be impacted.
Stuart Kyle Duncan is a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit. He was appointed to the court by President Donald Trump in 2017 and confirmed in 2018.
James Chiun-Yue Ho is a Taiwanese-born American attorney and jurist. He was nominated to serve as a U.S. circuit judge of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit by President Donald Trump,and took office in 2018. Ho formerly served as Solicitor General of Texas from 2008 to 2010.
Julius Ness "Jay" Richardson is an American judge and lawyer who serves as a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit. He was formerly an Assistant United States Attorney for the District of South Carolina.
June Medical Services,LLC v. Russo,591 U.S. ___ (2020),was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court ruled that a Louisiana state law placing hospital-admission requirements on abortion clinics doctors was unconstitutional. The law mirrored a Texas state law that the Court found unconstitutional in 2016 in Whole Woman's Health v. Hellerstedt (WWH).
California v. Texas,593 U.S. ___ (2021),was a United States Supreme Court case that dealt with the constitutionality of the 2010 Affordable Care Act (ACA),colloquially known as Obamacare. It was the third such challenge to the ACA seen by the Supreme Court since its enactment. The case in California followed after the enactment of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 and the change to the tax penalty amount for Americans without required insurance that reduced the "individual mandate" to zero,effective for months after December 31,2018. The District Court of the Northern District of Texas concluded that this individual mandate was a critical provision of the ACA and that,with a penalty amount equal to zero,some or all of the ACA was potentially unconstitutional as an improper use of Congress's taxation powers.
Amid the COVID-19 pandemic,anti-abortion government officials in several American states enacted or attempted to enact restrictions on abortion,characterizing it as a non-essential procedure that can be suspended during the medical emergency. The orders have led to several legal challenges and criticism by abortion-rights groups and several national medical organizations,including the American Medical Association. Legal challenges on behalf of abortion providers,many of which are represented by the American Civil Liberties Union and Planned Parenthood,have successfully stopped some of the orders on a temporary basis,though bans in several states have not been challenged.
The Texas Heartbeat Act,Senate Bill 8,is an act of the Texas Legislature that bans abortion after the detection of embryonic or fetal cardiac activity,which normally occurs after about six weeks of pregnancy. The law took effect on September 1,2021,after the U.S. Supreme Court denied a request for emergency relief from Texas abortion providers. It is the first time a state has successfully imposed a six-week abortion ban since Roe v. Wade,and the first abortion restriction to rely solely on enforcement by private individuals through civil lawsuits,rather than having state officials enforce the law with criminal or civil penalties. The act authorizes members of the public to sue anyone who performs or facilitates an illegal abortion for a minimum of $10,000 in statutory damages per abortion,plus court costs and attorneys' fees.
Whole Woman's Health v. Jackson,595 U.S. ___ (2021),was a United States Supreme Court case brought by Texas abortion providers and abortion rights advocates that challenged the constitutionality of the Texas Heartbeat Act,a law that outlaws abortions after six weeks. The Texas Heartbeat Act prohibits state officials from enforcing the ban but authorizes private individuals to enforce the law by suing anyone who performs,aids,or abets an abortion after six weeks. The law was structured this way to evade pre-enforcement judicial review because lawsuits challenging the constitutionality of state statutes are typically brought against state officials who are charged with enforcing the law,as the state itself cannot be sued under the doctrine of sovereign immunity.
United States v. Texas,595 U.S. ___ (2021),was a United States Supreme Court case that involved the Texas Heartbeat Act,also known as Senate Bill 8 or SB8,a state law that bans abortion once a "fetal heartbeat" is detected,typically six weeks into pregnancy. A unique feature of the Act,and challenges to it,is the delegation of enforcement to any and all private individuals who are authorized by the Act to file civil actions against abortion providers who violate it,and aiders and abetters,while state and local officials are prohibited from doing so. Opponents stated that the Act went against the landmark 1973 Supreme Court decision Roe v. Wade,which,prior to its overturn in 2022,banned states from prohibiting abortions during the first trimester of pregnancy in favor of the woman's right to privacy guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment.
References
- ↑ Hearing Before the Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, One Hundred Eighth Congress, First Session
- ↑ Earl Leroy Yeakel III at the Biographical Directory of Federal Judges , a public domain publication of the Federal Judicial Center .
- ↑ Osakwe, Chinekwu. "Ex-federal judge Yeakel joins law firm King & Spalding in Austin". Reuters. Retrieved May 1, 2023.
- ↑ "Federal judge declares Texas abortion restrictions unconstitutional, blocks enforcement", The Washington Post (Associated Press story; October 28, 2013).
- ↑ Sutton, Kimberly. Area leaders, citizens rebuke federal stance on state's law, Conroe Courier , October 28, 2013.
- 1 2 3 Eckholm, Erik (October 31, 2013). "In Reversal, Court Allows Texas Law on Abortion". The New York Times . Retrieved October 31, 2013.
- ↑ "U.S. judge stops Texas from curbing abortions during coronavirus crisis". Reuters. March 30, 2020. Retrieved March 30, 2020.
- ↑ "Fifth Circuit Temporarily Stays Order Blocking Texas Coronavirus-Related Abortion Restrictions". Reason. March 31, 2020. Retrieved March 31, 2020.
- ↑ Platoff, Emma (April 7, 2020). "Texas can enforce abortion ban during coronavirus pandemic, federal appeals court rules". The Texas Tribune. Retrieved April 8, 2020.
- ↑ "Federal judge allows Texas schools to require masks". NPR. November 10, 2021. Retrieved November 11, 2021.
- ↑ "E.T. v. Mike Morath" (PDF). s3.documentcloud.org. November 10, 2021. Retrieved November 28, 2021.
- ↑ "New: the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals has halted the district court's injunction. In other words, practically speaking, school mask mandates are banned again in Texas". twitter.com. November 24, 2021. Retrieved November 28, 2021.
- ↑ Greg Botelho and Carma Hassan (November 7, 2015). "Police: Texas judge shot outside her home". CNN.
- ↑ "Onyeri sentenced to life in prison for Judge Kocurek shooting". October 2, 2018. Retrieved February 8, 2023.
- ↑ "Onyeri receives maximum sentence for attempted murder of judge". October 5, 2018. Retrieved February 8, 2023.