Earplay

Last updated

Earplay was the longest-running of the formal series of radio drama anthologies on National Public Radio, produced by WHA in Madison, Wisconsin and heard from 1972 into the 1990s. [1] It approached radio drama as an art form with scripts written by such leading playwrights as Edward Albee, Arthur Kopit, Archibald MacLeish and David Mamet.

Contents

Airing in stereo, Earplay provided a showcase for original and adapted work. Eventually, the less-sustained successor series NPR Playhouse drew episodes from the Earplay run. Often presented by NPR member stations on a weekly basis, Earplay episodes were produced with much attention to recording technique and sound-effects.

In 1975, it scored a triumph with Listening, an original play written by Edward Albee for stereo radio, employing one speaker for one character and another speaker for another character. Since both characters are seated in a room, the illusion is created that they are in the same room as the listener. After its premiere on radio, Listening was later performed on stage.

Along with the CBS Radio Mystery Theater , Sears Radio Theater , The General Mills Radio Adventure Theater, Christian radio's Unshackled and Public Radio's The National Radio Theater of Chicago , Earplay was among the most ambitious nationwide projects in the medium in the U.S. during the 1970s and 1980s.

Beginnings

With a grant from the National Endowment of the Arts, Earplay began in 1972 directed by Karl Schmidt, legendary producer and radio executive at WHA Madison, Wisconsin. Karl was determined to bring a new and invigorating approach to radio drama. He faced major obstacles from other public radio broadcasters and had to prove the new approach would gain listeners. He enlisted the help of Tom Voegeli, a newcomer to the field of audio, but as the son of Don Voegeli (composer of NPR's All Things Considered theme music), he had the innate knowledge and enthusiasm that Karl wanted. (Tom has had a distinguished career in public broadcasting spanning 40 years since). Another contributor was Martha Van Cleef fresh from her PhD at the UW and eager to enlist writers into this forgotten medium.

It was she who convinced both Edward Albee and Archibald MacLeish to write original dramas for Earplay. It was this that brought the program to the attention of BBC producers. Karl enlisted the aid of John Tydemann an experienced BBC producer to oversee Albee's play, Listening. The three on them spent three days in a studio working with such stars as Irene Worth. MacLeish's play JB was adapted by Earplay.

New radio drama

As a result, in 1975 Earplay sent its new executive producer, Howard Gelman to the BBC for secondment. He worked in the script department alongside another newcomer to audio, John Madden and under the direction of Martin Esslin, BBC head of drama, and Richard Imison, BBC head of scripts. John and Howard returned to Earplay in 1976 to bring a new approach to radio drama, one that did not rely on real time production, that is, recording dramas in real time with sound effects and music. Their idea was to produce radio as if it were film, that is, in segments in several takes without additions such as effects and music. This meant that they could be totally portable and fast, They could record voices in a day in a Los Angeles studio or a New York studio, wherever the best talent could be convinced to work on new and vibrant dramas written and acted by the best new talent anywhere in the country. Then they took the raw tapes back to Madison for post production. Given the technology at the time, they worked with multi tracking 2-inch tapes on a 24-track control board. They transferred the finished dramas onto long playing records and later switched to cassette tapes for distribution to the public broadcasting network throughout the country. Now Earplay was a full NPR distributed national program.

Production technique

Earplay was receiving over 25 scripts a week and Howard Gelman and his colleague, David Patt, were working with writers and theatre and film directors to record a series of 30 and 60 minute drama in one or two days in one location and then adding sound effects and music at its base studio. The result was a different sound, one that did not mimic the theatre or film but provided an immediacy that produced a more intimate listening experience. This approach gave Earplay its most successful production—Wings. Written by Arthur Kopit and using the ground breaking studio work of John Madden and effects from Tom Voegeli, the play explored the brain of a woman going through a stroke and recuperation. Wings won the coveted European Prix Italia prize as the best radio drama of 1977. It was also the first Earplay to be staged in the theatre after its radio launch. Other plays that went to different media were Listening by Edward Albee, The Water Engine by David Mamet and Ladyhouse Blues by Kevin McCarthy. A brief list of playwrights who worked with Earplay include, David Mamet, Israel Horowitz, Mark Medof and Archibald MacLeish.

Programming dilemma

Now Earplay had to convince broadcasters that it could produce enough dramas to satisfy a programmer's requirements. It produced a package of one-hour dramas introduced by well-known WFMT radio voice, Cary Frumkin. Earplay had been distributing its shorter dramas since 1973; however, from 1976 until 1980, it produced its signature dramas of 26-hour long programs each year. That's over 100 original radio dramas. At the same time, NPR with John Madden and Tom Voegeli took over the audio version of Star Wars producing it at Sound 80 studios in Minneapolis using the same recording techniques as Earplay.

The basic question Earplay faced was whether it could survive on station participation only and the answer was ‘no’. They tried to recycle their productions, cutting them into 15-minute episodes and reusing older recorded programs. Earplay was always expensive by public broadcasting prices. At this time a successful commercial radio drama series was running as the CBS Radio Mystery Theater. It was backed by Himan Brown a very successful producer and director. Another commercial program at the time (though not as successful) was Elliot Lewis’ Sears Radio Theatre.

Final act

By 1982 when it lost its Arts funding, Earplay abruptly went off the air. Its style of production was picked up by several BBC producers and even taken in by ABC producers in Australia. Radio drama in public radio in the US reverted to more local talent or community groups such as ZBS. Karl Schmidt, Tom Voegeli, John Madden and Howard Gelman went on to successful endeavors in radio, film and publishing. For a brief time, Earplay presented a unique creative outlet for audio drama.

Listen

22 episodes Internet archive Retrieved 2011 September 15

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">David Mamet</span> American playwright, filmmaker, and author

David Alan Mamet is an American playwright, filmmaker, and author. He won a Pulitzer Prize and received Tony nominations for his plays Glengarry Glen Ross (1984) and Speed-the-Plow (1988). He first gained critical acclaim for a trio of off-Broadway 1970s plays: The Duck Variations, Sexual Perversity in Chicago, and American Buffalo. His plays Race and The Penitent, respectively, opened on Broadway in 2009 and previewed off-Broadway in 2017.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Radio drama</span> Purely acoustic dramatized performance

Radio drama is a dramatized, purely acoustic performance. With no visual component, radio drama depends on dialogue, music and sound effects to help the listener imagine the characters and story: "It is auditory in the physical dimension but equally powerful as a visual force in the psychological dimension." Radio drama includes plays specifically written for radio, docudrama, dramatized works of fiction, as well as plays originally written for the theatre, including musical theatre, and opera.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">BBC Radiophonic Workshop</span> Produced sound effects and programme scores from 1958-1998

The BBC Radiophonic Workshop was one of the sound effects units of the BBC, created in 1958 to produce incidental sounds and new music for radio and, later, television. The unit is known for its experimental and pioneering work in electronic music and music technology, as well as its popular scores for programmes such as Doctor Who and Quatermass and the Pit during the 1950s and 1960s.

<i>Star Wars</i> (radio series) Series of three radio dramas based on Star Wars films

A radio dramatization of the original Star Wars film trilogy was produced in 1981, 1983, and 1996. The first two radio series, based on Star Wars and The Empire Strikes Back, were produced and broadcast by National Public Radio (NPR) as part of NPR Playhouse. A dramatization of Return of the Jedi was produced by most of the same team and it was also broadcast on NPR.

John Philip Madden is an English director of stage, film, television, and radio. He is known for directing Shakespeare in Love (1998), which won the Academy Award for Best Picture. He has also gained recognition for directing The Best Exotic Marigold Hotel (2012) and its sequel The Second Best Exotic Marigold Hotel (2015).

Radio comedy, or comedic radio programming, is a radio broadcast that may involve variety show, sitcom elements, sketches, and various types of comedy found in other media. It may also include more surreal or fantastic elements, as these can be conveyed on a small budget with just a few sound effects or some simple dialogue. Radio comedy began in the United States in 1930, based on the fact that as most United Kingdom music hall comedians such as Charlie Chaplin and Stan Laurel progressed to silent films, they moved to Hollywood and fed the radio comedy field. Another British music hall comic, George Formby, stayed in the British movie industry, and in 1940 joined the Entertainments National Service Association to entertain British World War II troops. UK radio comedy therefore started later, in the 1950s.

NPR Playhouse was a series of radio dramas from National Public Radio. The series was a successor to the NPR series Earplay and was discontinued in September 2002.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dirk Maggs</span> British writer and director

David George Dirk Maggs is a British freelance writer and director. During his career as a Senior Producer in BBC Radio he made radio drama adopting a cinematic-sounding approach, combining filmic story construction, layered sound effects, orchestral music and digital recording technology. Maggs introduced productions in Dolby Surround in BBC Radio and termed the result, "Audio Movies".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Joe Bevilacqua</span> Radio theater producer (born 1959)

Joseph K. Bevilacqua is an American actor, producer, director, author, dramatist, humorist, cartoonist, and documentarian.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Organic Theater Company</span>

Organic Theater Company was founded in 1969 in Madison, Wisconsin by artistic director Stuart Gordon and his wife Carolyn Purdy Gordon.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Theatre Intime</span>

Theatre Intime is an entirely student-run dramatic arts not-for-profit organization operating out of the Hamilton Murray Theater at Princeton University. Intime receives no direct support from the university, and is entirely acted, produced, directed, teched and managed by a board of students that is elected once a semester. "Students manage every aspect of Theatre Intime, from choosing the plays to setting the ticket prices."

National Public Radio broadcast a dramatization of J. R. R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings in 1979. It was produced by The Mind's Eye and has since been made available by several different companies. It was produced by Bob Lewis and adapted for radio by Bernard Mayes. The most widely circulated US edition comes in a wooden box, whether on compact discs or cassette tapes.

Wings is a 1978 play by American playwright Arthur Kopit. Originating as a radio play, it was later adapted for stage and screen.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Studio monitor</span> Speaker designed to reproduce sound accurately

Studio monitors are loudspeakers in speaker enclosures specifically designed for professional audio production applications, such as recording studios, filmmaking, television studios, radio studios and project or home studios, where accurate audio reproduction is crucial. Among audio engineers, the term monitor implies that the speaker is designed to produce relatively flat (linear) phase and frequency responses. In other words, it exhibits minimal emphasis or de-emphasis of particular frequencies, the loudspeaker gives an accurate reproduction of the tonal qualities of the source audio, and there will be no relative phase shift of particular frequencies—meaning no distortion in sound-stage perspective for stereo recordings. Beyond stereo sound-stage requirements, a linear phase response helps impulse response remain true to source without encountering "smearing". An unqualified reference to a monitor often refers to a near-field design. This is a speaker small enough to sit on a stand or desk in proximity to the listener, so that most of the sound that the listener hears is coming directly from the speaker, rather than reflecting off walls and ceilings. Monitor speakers may include more than one type of driver or, for monitoring low-frequency sounds, such as bass drum, additional subwoofer cabinets may be used.

<i>The Water Engine</i>

The Water Engine is a 1977 play by David Mamet that centers on the violent suppression of a disruptive alternative energy technology.

<i>Columbia Workshop</i> Radio series

Columbia Workshop was a radio series that aired on the Columbia Broadcasting System from 1936 to 1943, returning in 1946–47.

<i>The Fall of the City</i> First American verse play written for radio

The Fall of the City by Archibald MacLeish is the first American verse play written for radio. The 30-minute radio play was first broadcast April 11, 1937, at 7 p.m. ET over the Columbia Broadcasting System as part of the Columbia Workshop radio series. The cast featured Orson Welles and Burgess Meredith. Music was composed and directed by Bernard Herrmann. It is an allegory on the rise of Fascism.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bernard Gersten</span> American theatre producer (1923–2020)

Bernard Gersten was an American theatrical producer. Beginning in the 1960s through the early 2000s, Gersten played a major role in shaping American drama and musical theatre.

Karl Schmidt was an American radio broadcaster from Wisconsin who created the radio drama series Earplay. Schmidt spent the majority of his career at station WHA and Wisconsin Public Radio. He began his career as a University of Wisconsin student at WHA in 1941, and later served in the military during World War II with Armed Forces Radio. After completing his degree at the University of Wisconsin, Schmidt pursued a career in radio drama in New York. Later, Schmidt returned to WHA to host and produce radio programs, and also served as director of the National Center for Audio Experimentation. He also held positions with the National Association of Educational Broadcasters and NPR. In 1971, Schmidt created the radio drama series Earplay, which broadcast original plays and won several awards during its run, including a Peabody Award and the Prix Italia. Schmidt was also a reader for the WPR series Chapter a Day, appearing on the program from 1941 until his death in 2016. He was inducted into the Wisconsin Broadcasters Hall of Fame in 2013.

Don Voegeli (1920-2009) was an American composer who created the theme music for the NPR radio news program All Things Considered. He attended the University of Wisconsin, during which time he volunteered at radio station WHA. In the 1940s, Voegeli led a big band, and went on to become a professor of music at the University of Wisconsin. He was also the Music Director for WHA from 1943 to 1964. From 1964 to 1967, Voegeli was WHA's Operations and Facilities Manager. In 1971, Voegeli created the theme for All Things Considered, which was updated in 1976 with another version also composed by Voegeli. The theme was composed on an EMS VCS 3 synthesizer. The project that resulted in the theme was funded by the Corporation for Public Broadcasting as part of the National Center for Audio Experimentation. Voegeli's son, Tom Voegeli, is an audio producer, and has worked on radio programs including WHA's Earplay and the radio dramatization of the Star Wars series.

References

  1. Dunning, John (1998). On the Air: The Encyclopedia of Old-Time Radio . Oxford University Press. pp.  215-216. ISBN   0-19-507678-8 . Retrieved 9 April 2020.