Economic statistics of the United States

This article contains economic statistics for the United States dating back to 1929. Included are relevant statistics about GDP, personal income, household wealth, international trade, government finance, labor, industry and agriculture.

Main indicators

The following table shows the development of the different important indicators of the US economy over time, including nominal and real GDP. Green and red arrows in the table are showing decreasing/increasing values or positive/negative values. Inflation over 2% is shown in red.

Year	Nominal GDP (billion $) [1]	Annual Change (in %) [2]	Real GDP (billion 2017$) [3]	Annual Change (in %) [4]	Inflation rate (in %) [5]	GDP per capita (in $) [6]	Median personal income per capita (2017$) [7]	Household net worth (billion $) [8]
1929	104.6		1,191.1			858
1930	92.2	-11.9	1,089.8	-8.5		748
1931	77.4	-16	1,020.0	-6.4		623
1932	59.5	-23.1	888.4	-12.9		476
1933	57.2	-4	877.4	-1.2		455
1934	66.8	16.9	972.3	10.8		528
1935	74.2	11.1	1,058.8	8.9		583
1936	84.8	14.3	1,195.3	12.9		662
1937	93.0	9.6	1,256.5	5.1		721
1938	87.4	-6.1	1,214.9	-3.3		672
1939	93.4	7	1,312.4	8		713
1940	102.9	10.1	1,428.1	8.8		779
1941	129.3	25.7	1,681.0	17.7		969
1942	166.0	28.3	1,998.5	18.9		1,231
1943	203.1	22.4	2,338.8	17		1,485
1944	224.4	10.5	2,524.8	7.9		1,622
1945	228.0	1.6	2,500.1	-1		1,629
1946	227.5	-0.2	2,209.9	-11.6		1,609
1947	249.6	9.7	2,184.6	-1.1		1,732
1948	274.5	10	2,274.6	4.1		1,872
1949	272.5	-0.7	2,261.9	-0.6		1,826
1950	299.8	10	2,458.5	8.7		1,977
1951	346.9	15.7	2,656.3	8		2,248
1952	367.3	5.9	2,764.8	4.1		2,340
1953	389.2	6	2,894.4	4.7		2,439
1954	390.5	0.3	2,877.7	-0.6		2,405
1955	425.5	8.9	3,083.0	7.1		2,574
1956	449.4	5.6	3,148.8	2.1		2,671
1957	474.0	5.5	3,215.1	2.1		2,768
1958	481.2	1.5	3,191.2	-0.7		2,763
1959	521.7	8.4	3,412.4	6.9		2,945
1960	542.4	4	3,500.3	2.6	1.5	3,001
1961	562.2	3.7	3,590.1	2.6	1.1	3,060
1962	603.9	7.4	3,810.1	6.1	1.2	3,237
1963	637.5	5.6	3,976.1	4.4	1.2	3,367
1964	684.5	7.4	4,205.3	5.8	1.3	3,566
1965	742.3	8.4	4,478.6	6.5	1.6	3,819
1966	813.4	9.6	4,773.9	6.6	3.0	4,137
1967	860.0	5.7	4,904.9	2.7	2.8	4,327
1968	940.7	9.4	5,145.9	4.9	4.3	4,686
1969	1,017.6	8.2	5,306.6	3.1	5.5	5,019
1970	1,073.3	5.5	5,316.4	0.2	5.8	5,233
1971	1,164.9	8.5	5,491.4	3.3	4.3	5,609
1972	1,279.1	9.8	5,780.0	5.3	3.3	6,093
1973	1,425.4	11.4	6,106.4	5.6	6.2	6,725
1974	1,545.2	8.4	6,073.4	-0.5	11.1	7,224	28,010
1975	1,684.9	9	6,060.9	-0.2	9.1	7,801	27,450
1976	1,873.4	11.2	6,387.4	5.4	5.7	8,590	27,520
1977	2,081.8	11.1	6,682.8	4.6	6.5	9,450	27,690
1978	2,351.6	13	7,052.7	5.5	7.6	10,563	27,460
1979	2,627.3	11.7	7,276.0	3.2	11.3	11,672	26,710
1980	2,857.3	8.8	7,257.3	-0.3	13.5	12,547	26,340
1981	3,207.0	12.2	7,441.5	2.5	10.3	13,943	25,820
1982	3,343.8	4.3	7,307.3	-1.8	6.1	14,399	26,090
1983	3,634.0	8.7	7,642.3	4.6	3.2	15,508	26,620
1984	4,037.6	11.1	8,195.3	7.2	4.3	17,080	27,390
1985	4,339.0	7.5	8,537.0	4.2	3.5	18,192	27,990
1986	4,579.6	5.5	8,832.6	3.5	1.9	19,028	28,880
1987	4,855.2	6	9,137.7	3.5	3.7	19,993	29,280	17,426
1988	5,236.4	7.9	9,519.4	4.2	4.1	21,368	30,180	19,117
1989	5,641.6	7.7	9,869.0	3.7	4.8	22,805	30,970	20,814
1990	5,963.1	5.7	10,055.1	1.9	5.4	23,835	30,660	21,476
1991	6,158.1	3.3	10,044.2	-0.1	4.2	24,290	30,210	22,953
1992	6,520.3	5.9	10,398.0	3.5	3.0	25,379	29,890	24,088
1993	6,858.6	5.2	10,684.2	2.7	3.0	26,350	30,200	25,542
1994	7,287.2	6.3	11,114.6	4	2.6	27,660	30,540	26,442
1995	7,639.7	4.8	11,413.0	2.7	2.8	28,658	31,390	28,599
1996	8,073.1	5.7	11,843.6	3.8	2.9	29,932	32,060	30,532
1997	8,577.6	6.2	12,370.3	4.4	2.3	31,424	33,480	33,584
1998	9,062.8	5.7	12,924.9	4.5	1.6	32,818	35,130	37,274
1999	9,631.2	6.3	13,543.8	4.8	2.2	34,480	35,510	41,106
2000	10,251.0	6.4	14,096.0	4.1	3.4	36,300	35,880	42,193
2001	10,581.9	3.2	14,230.7	1	2.8	37,100	35,770	43,792
2002	10,929.1	3.3	14,472.7	1.7	1.6	37,954	35,630	43,603
2003	11,456.5	4.8	14,877.3	2.8	2.3	39,420	35,770	48,324
2004	12,217.2	6.6	15,449.8	3.8	2.7	41,660	35,730	54,793
2005	13,039.2	6.7	15,988.0	3.5	3.4	44,052	36,390	60,012
2006	13,815.6	6	16,433.1	2.8	3.2	46,234	37,500	64,274
2007	14,474.2	4.8	16,762.4	2	2.9	47,976	37,740	65,772
2008	14,769.9	2	16,781.5	0.1	3.8	48,498	36,250	57,532
2009	14,478.1	-2	16,349.1	-2.6	-0.4	47,123	35,880	58,407
2010	15,049.0	3.9	16,789.8	2.7	1.6	48,570	35,450	62,433
2011	15,599.7	3.7	17,052.4	1.6	3.2	49,952	34,920	63,331
2012	16,254.0	4.2	17,442.8	2.3	2.1	51,645	34,780	67,973
2013	16,880.7	3.9	17,812.2	2.1	1.5	53,235	35,240	76,129
2014	17,608.1	4.3	18,261.7	2.5	1.6	55,094	36,100	81,957
2015	18,295.0	3.9	18,799.6	2.9	0.1	56,797	37,990	84,755
2016	18,804.9	2.8	19,141.7	1.8	1.3	57,931	38,730	89,602
2017	19,612.1	4.3	19,612.1	2.5	2.1	60,002	39,110	97,809
2018	20,656.5	5.3	20,193.9	3	2.4	62,825	40,430	98,445
2019	21,540.0	4.3	20,715.7	2.6	1.8	65,171	42,530	110,501
2020	21,354.1	-0.9	20,267.6	-2.2	1.2	64,358	41,950	124,123
2021	23,681.2	10.9	21,494.8	6.1	4.7	71,250	42,020	142,088
2022	26,006.9	9.8	22,034.8	2.5	8.0	77,778	42,090	135,667
2023	27,720.7	6.6	22,671.1	2.9	4.1	82,223	42,220	146,634
2024	29,184.9	5.3	23,305.0	2.8	2.9	85,784		160,345

Government financial indicators

The following table shows the development of the different important indicators of the US Government, including government debt and the budget balance. Green and red arrows in the table are showing decreasing/increasing values or positive/negative values

Year	Federal receipts (million $) [9]	Federal outlays (million $) [9]	Budget balance (million $) [9]	Budget balance (% of GDP) [9]	Gross Federal Debt (billion $) [10]	Gross Federal Debt (in % of GDP) [11]	Interest payment (million $) [12]	Interest payment (% of GDP) [13]	Federal funds rate (in %) [14]
1929	3,862	3,127	734
1930	4,058	3,320	738	0.8
1931	3,116	3,577	-462	-0.5
1932	1,924	4,659	-2,735	-4.0
1933	1,997	4,598	-2,602	-4.5
1934	2,955	6,541	-3,586	-5.8
1935	3,609	6,412	-2,803	-4.0
1936	3,923	8,228	-4,304	-5.4
1937	5,387	7,580	-2,193	-2.5
1938	6,751	6,840	-89	-0.1
1939	6,295	9,141	-2,846	-3.1	48	51.6
1940	6,548	9,468	-2,920	-3.0	51	49.3	899	0.9
1941	8,712	13,653	-4,941	-4.3	58	44.5	943	0.7
1942	14,634	35,137	-20,503	-13.9	79	47.7	1,052	0.6
1943	24,001	78,555	-54,554	-29.6	143	70.2	1,529	0.8
1944	43,747	91,304	-47,557	-22.2	204	90.9	2,219	1.0
1945	45,159	92,712	-47,553	-21.0	260	114.1	3,112	1.4
1946	39,296	55,232	-15,936	-7.0	271	119.1	4,111	1.8
1947	38,514	34,496	4,018	1.7	257	103.0	4,204	1.7
1948	41,560	29,764	11,796	4.5	252	91.8	4,341	1.6
1949	39,415	38,835	580	0.2	253	92.7	4,523	1.7
1950	39,443	42,562	-3,119	-1.1	257	85.7	4,812	1.6
1951	51,616	45,514	6,102	1.9	255	73.6	4,665	1.3
1952	66,167	67,686	-1,519	-0.4	259	70.5	4,701	1.3
1953	69,608	76,101	-6,493	-1.7	266	68.3	5,156	1.3
1954	69,701	70,855	-1,154	-0.3	271	69.3	4,811	1.2
1955	65,451	68,444	-2,993	-0.7	274	64.5	4,850	1.1	1.8
1956	74,587	70,640	3,947	0.9	273	60.7	5,079	1.1	2.7
1957	79,990	76,578	3,412	0.7	272	57.4	5,354	1.1	3.1
1958	79,636	82,405	-2,769	-0.6	280	58.1	5,604	1.2	1.6
1959	79,249	92,098	-12,849	-2.5	288	55.1	5,762	1.1	3.3
1960	92,492	92,191	301	0.1	291	53.6	6,947	1.3	3.2
1961	94,388	97,723	-3,335	-0.6	293	52.0	6,716	1.2	2.0
1962	99,676	106,821	-7,146	-1.2	303	50.2	6,889	1.1	2.7
1963	106,560	111,316	-4,756	-0.8	310	48.7	7,740	1.2	3.2
1964	112,613	118,528	-5,915	-0.9	316	46.2	8,199	1.2	3.5
1965	116,817	118,228	-1,411	-0.2	322	43.4	8,591	1.2	4.1
1966	130,835	134,532	-3,698	-0.5	329	40.4	9,386	1.2	5.1
1967	148,822	157,464	-8,643	-1.0	340	39.6	10,268	1.2	4.2
1968	152,973	178,134	-25,161	-2.8	369	39.2	11,090	1.2	5.7
1969	186,882	183,640	3,242	0.3	366	35.9	12,699	1.2	8.2
1970	192,807	195,649	-2,842	-0.3	381	35.5	14,380	1.3	7.2
1971	187,139	210,172	-23,033	-2.1	408	35.0	14,841	1.3	4.7
1972	207,309	230,681	-23,373	-1.9	436	34.1	15,478	1.2	4.4
1973	230,799	245,707	-14,908	-1.1	466	32.7	17,349	1.2	8.7
1974	263,224	269,359	-6,135	-0.4	484	31.3	21,449	1.4	10.5
1975	279,090	332,332	-53,242	-3.3	542	32.2	23,244	1.4	5.8
1976	298,060	371,792	-73,732	-4.1	629	33.6	26,727	1.4	5.1
1977	355,559	409,218	-53,659	-2.7	706	33.9	29,901	1.5	5.5
1978	399,561	458,746	-59,185	-2.6	777	33.0	35,458	1.6	7.9
1979	463,302	504,028	-40,726	-1.6	830	31.6	42,633	1.8	11.2
1980	517,112	590,941	-73,830	-2.6	909	31.8	52,533	2.1	13.4
1981	599,272	678,241	-78,968	-2.5	995	31.0	68,766	2.5	16.4
1982	617,766	745,743	-127,977	-3.9	1,137	34.0	85,032	2.5	12.2
1983	600,562	808,364	-207,802	-5.9	1,372	37.7	89,808	2.8	9.1
1984	666,438	851,805	-185,367	-4.7	1,565	38.8	111,102	3.0	10.2
1985	734,037	946,344	-212,308	-5.0	1,817	41.9	129,478	3.0	8.1
1986	769,155	990,382	-221,227	-4.9	2,121	46.3	136,017	2.9	6.8
1987	854,287	1,004,017	-149,730	-3.1	2,346	48.3	138,611	2.9	6.7
1988	909,238	1,064,416	-155,178	-3.0	2,601	49.7	151,803	3.0	7.6
1989	991,104	1,143,743	-152,639	-2.7	2,868	50.8	168,981	3.1	9.2
1990	1,031,958	1,252,993	-221,036	-3.7	3,206	53.8	184,347	3.2	8.1
1991	1,054,988	1,324,226	-269,238	-4.4	3,598	58.4	194,448	3.1	5.7
1992	1,091,208	1,381,529	-290,321	-4.5	4,002	61.4	199,344	2.9	3.5
1993	1,154,334	1,409,386	-255,051	-3.8	4,351	63.4	198,713	2.8	3.0
1994	1,258,566	1,461,752	-203,186	-2.8	4,643	63.7	202,932	3.0	4.2
1995	1,351,790	1,515,742	-163,952	-2.2	4,921	64.4	232,134	3.0	5.8
1996	1,453,053	1,560,484	-107,431	-1.4	5,182	64.2	241,053	2.8	5.3
1997	1,579,232	1,601,116	-21,884	-0.3	5,369	62.6	243,984	2.7	5.5
1998	1,721,728	1,652,458	69,270	0.8	5,478	60.4	241,118	2.4	5.4
1999	1,827,452	1,701,842	125,610	1.3	5,606	58.2	229,755	2.2	5.0
2000	2,025,191	1,788,950	236,241	2.3	5,629	54.9	222,949	1.9	6.2
2001	1,991,082	1,862,846	128,236	1.2	5,770	54.5	206,167	1.6	3.9
2002	1,853,136	2,010,894	-157,758	-1.5	6,198	56.7	170,949	1.3	1.7
2003	1,782,314	2,159,899	-377,585	-3.3	6,760	59.0	153,073	1.3	1.1
2004	1,880,114	2,292,841	-412,727	-3.4	7,355	60.2	160,245	1.4	1.4
2005	2,153,611	2,471,957	-318,346	-2.5	7,905	60.6	183,986	1.6	3.2
2006	2,406,869	2,655,050	-248,181	-1.8	8,451	61.2	226,603	1.6	5.0
2007	2,567,985	2,728,686	-160,701	-1.1	8,951	61.8	237,109	1.7	5.0
2008	2,523,991	2,982,544	-458,553	-3.1	9,986	67.6	252,757	1.3	1.9
2009	2,104,989	3,517,677	-1,412,688	-9.8	11,876	82.0	186,902	1.3	0.2
2010	2,162,706	3,457,079	-1,294,373	-8.7	13,529	89.9	196,194	1.5	0.2
2011	2,303,466	3,603,065	-1,299,599	-8.4	14,764	94.6	229,962	1.4	0.1
2012	2,449,990	3,526,563	-1,076,573	-6.7	16,051	98.8	220,408	1.3	0.1
2013	2,775,106	3,454,881	-679,775	-4.1	16,719	99.0	220,885	1.3	0.1
2014	3,021,491	3,506,284	-484,793	-2.8	17,795	101.1	228,956	1.2	0.1
2015	3,249,890	3,691,850	-441,960	-2.4	18,120	99.0	223,181	1.3	0.1
2016	3,267,965	3,852,615	-584,650	-3.1	19,540	103.9	240,033	1.3	0.4
2017	3,316,184	3,981,634	-665,450	-3.4	20,206	103.0	262,551	1.6	1.0
2018	3,329,907	4,108,981	-779,074	-3.8	21,462	103.9	324,975	1.7	1.8
2019	3,463,364	4,446,952	-983,588	-4.6	22,670	105.2	375,158	1.6	2.2
2020	3,421,164	6,553,620	-3,132,456	-14.7	26,903	126.0	345,470	1.5	0.4
2021	4,047,111	6,822,461	-2,775,350	-12.1	28,386	119.9	352,338	1.8	0.1
2022	4,897,339	6,273,259	-1,375,920	-5.4	30,839	118.6	475,887	2.4	1.7
2023	4,440,947	6,134,672	-1,693,725	-6.3	32,989	119.0	659,182	2.4	5.0

External transaction statistics

The following table shows the development of the different important indicators of external economic transactions, including international trade. Green and red arrows in the table are showing decreasing/increasing values or positive/negative values

Year	Total Exports (billion $) [15]	Total Imports (billion $) [16]	Trade balance (billion $) [17]	Current account balance (billion $) [18]	FDI net inflows (billion $) [19]	FDI net ouflows (billion $) [20]	Net international investment position (billion $) [21]
1929	5.9	5.6	0.4
1930	4.4	4.1	0.3
1931	2.9	2.9	0.0
1932	2.0	1.9	0.0
1933	2.0	1.9	0.1
1934	2.6	2.2	0.3
1935	2.8	3.0	-0.2
1936	3.0	3.2	-0.1
1937	4.0	4.0	0.1
1938	3.8	2.8	1.0
1939	4.0	3.1	0.8
1940	4.9	3.4	1.5
1941	5.5	4.4	1.0
1942	4.4	4.6	-0.3
1943	4.0	6.3	-2.2
1944	4.9	6.9	-2.0
1945	6.8	7.5	-0.8
1946	14.2	7.0	7.2
1947	18.7	7.9	10.8
1948	15.5	10.1	5.5
1949	14.5	9.2	5.2
1950	12.4	11.6	0.7
1951	17.1	14.6	2.5
1952	16.5	15.3	1.2
1953	15.3	16.0	-0.7
1954	15.8	15.4	0.4
1955	17.7	17.2	0.5
1956	21.3	18.9	2.4
1957	24.0	19.9	4.1
1958	20.6	20.0	0.5
1959	22.7	22.3	0.4
1960	27.0	22.8	4.2
1961	27.6	22.7	4.9
1962	29.1	25.0	4.1
1963	31.1	26.1	4.9
1964	35.0	28.1	6.9
1965	37.1	31.5	5.6
1966	40.9	37.1	3.9
1967	43.5	39.9	3.6
1968	47.9	46.6	1.4
1969	51.9	50.5	1.4
1970	59.7	55.8	3.9		1.2	6.9
1971	63.0	62.3	0.6		0.8	5.6
1972	70.8	74.2	-3.4		1.3	7.3
1973	95.3	91.2	4.1		1.9	9.3
1974	126.7	127.5	-0.8		3.5	5.2
1975	138.7	122.7	16.0		2.3	13.7
1976	149.5	151.1	-1.6		2.9	11.3	80.5
1977	159.3	182.4	-23.1		2.9	11.3	98.6
1978	186.9	212.3	-25.4		5.5	14.4	128.3
1979	230.1	252.7	-22.5		8.1	24.7	232.3
1980	280.8	293.8	-13.1		16.7	19.0	296.9
1981	305.2	317.8	-12.5		25.7	10.1	227.0
1982	283.2	303.2	-20.0		21.2	7.8	238.4
1983	277.0	328.6	-51.6		11.5	8.8	261.5
1984	302.4	405.1	-102.7		25.2	12.8	140.1
1985	303.2	417.2	-114.0		9.6	3.7	104.3
1986	321.0	452.9	-131.9		30.9	19.5	109.2
1987	363.9	508.7	-144.8		63.2	39.8	59.6
1988	444.6	554.0	-109.4		56.9	21.7	21.5
1989	504.3	591.0	-86.7		75.7	51.0	-33.7
1990	551.9	629.7	-77.9		71.2	59.9	-149.5
1991	594.9	623.5	-28.6		34.5	49.3	-243.3
1992	633.1	667.8	-34.7		30.3	58.8	-432.1
1993	654.8	720.0	-65.2		50.2	82.8	-121.8
1994	720.9	813.4	-92.5		55.9	90.0	-110.3
1995	812.8	902.6	-89.8		69.1	110.1	-277.6
1996	867.6	964.0	-96.4		97.8	103.0	-328.3
1997	953.8	1,055.8	-102.0		122.1	121.4	-788.2
1998	953.0	1,115.7	-162.7		211.2	174.8	-1,033.8
1999	992.9	1,252.5	-259.6	-286.6	312.4	247.8	-1,002.3
2000	1,096.1	1,477.2	-381.1	-401.9	349.1	186.4	-1,536.2
2001	1,026.8	1,403.6	-376.7	-394.1	172.5	146.0	-2,294.5
2002	998.0	1,437.7	-439.7	-456.1	111.0	179.0	-2,410.4
2003	1,035.2	1,557.1	-522.0	-522.3	117.1	195.2	-2,292.4
2004	1,176.4	1,810.5	-634.1	-635.9	213.6	374.0	-2,362.8
2005	1,301.6	2,041.5	-739.9	-749.2	142.3	52.6	-1,857.2
2006	1,470.2	2,256.6	-786.5	-816.6	298.5	283.8	-1,807.8
2007	1,659.3	2,395.2	-735.9	-736.6	346.6	523.9	-1,278.8
2008	1,835.3	2,576.2	-740.9	-696.5	341.1	343.6	-3,994.6
2009	1,582.8	2,001.9	-419.2	-379.7	161.1	312.6	-2,626.9
2010	1,857.2	2,389.6	-532.3	-432.0	264.0	349.8	-2,511.1
2011	2,115.9	2,695.5	-579.6	-455.3	263.4	436.6	-4,454.6
2012	2,217.7	2,769.3	-551.6	-418.2	250.3	377.2	-4,569.5
2013	2,287.9	2,766.4	-478.5	-339.5	288.1	392.8	-5,443.6
2014	2,378.5	2,887.4	-508.9	-370.1	251.9	387.6	-7,021.2
2015	2,270.6	2,794.9	-524.3	-408.5	511.4	301.1	-7,590.5
2016	2,235.6	2,738.8	-503.3	-396.2	474.3	299.8	-8,258.4
2017	2,388.3	2,931.6	-543.3	-367.6	380.8	409.4	-7,830.7
2018	2,538.1	3,131.2	-593.1	-439.8	214.7	-130.7	-9,795.8
2019	2,539.4	3,116.7	-577.3	-441.8	316.0	114.9	-11,666.4
2020	2,151.1	2,777.3	-626.2	-601.2	137.0	282.3	-14,721.0
2021	2,555.4	3,415.5	-860.0	-868.0	475.8	342.0	-18,832.5
2022	3,017.4	3,976.3	-958.9	-1,012.1	409.0	388.5	-16,263.9
2023	3,052.5	3,849.8	-797.3	-905.4	348.8	454.1	-19,853.2
2024	3,180.2	4,083.3	-903.1	-1,133.6	297.0	322.3	-26,232.1

Private sector business statistics

The following table shows the development of the different important indicators of the private sector, including corporate profits, bankruptcies and domestic net investment. Green and red arrows in the table are showing decreasing/increasing values or positive/negative values

Year	Total business sales (billion $) [22]	Corporate profits (billion $) [23]	Net investment (billion $) [24]	Business Applications [25]	Number of bankruptcies [26]	Market capitalization (in billion $) [27]
1929		10.7
1930		4.4
1931		0.6
1932		-1.3
1933		1.8
1934		3.2
1935		4.2
1936		7.0
1937		7.4
1938		4.3
1939		7.5
1940		10.4
1941		18.4
1942		22.1
1943		25.5
1944		24.4
1945		20.1
1946		24.9
1947		31.7
1948		35.2
1949		28.9
1950		42.5
1951		43.6
1952		39.4
1953		41.4
1954		38.8
1955		49.1
1956		49.8
1957		48.1
1958		42.5
1959		53.2
1960		50.7	20.7
1961		50.6	20.2
1962		55.4	27.3
1963		60.3	29.6
1964		67.0	34.1
1965		78.4	46.6
1966		85.9	57.4
1967		82.8	50.1
1968		92.3	54.1
1969		90.1	60.9
1970		79.2	50.8
1971		91.4	58.7
1972		106.4	70.8
1973		131.2	92.1
1974		144.1	86.7
1975		140.1	45.2			703.8
1976		179.7	78.1			883.1
1977		209.4	106.4			834.2
1978		247.5	146.3			861.9
1979		266.8	172.9			993.5
1980		246.9	140.4			1,359.8
1981		245.3	200.4			1,263.6
1982		197.6	123.3			1,456.8
1983		227.0	122.1			1,809.0
1984		261.1	259.0			1,602.1
1985		250.1	234.1			2,300.8
1986		225.9	195.9			2,537.9
1987		287.6	192.1			2,531.7
1988		333.2	190.1			2,779.9
1989		326.7	217.4			3,382.2
1990		329.6	190.5			3,093.4
1991		349.0	123.2			4,159.6
1992	6,482.4	393.6	141.6			4,545.8
1993	6,806.3	435.2	183.5			5,251.0
1994	7,318.2	533.1	263.7			5,137.7
1995	7,856.3	602.8	284.1			6,952.0
1996	8,243.1	650.8	322.5			8,480.5
1997	8,681.3	709.5	411.5			10,770.1
1998	8,908.7	652.0	446.4			12,922.6
1999	9,434.1	676.0	494.6			14,777.4
2000	10,006.4	640.8	536.9		35,472	15,107.8
2001	9,817.9	548.7	341.4		40,099	13,983.7
2002	9,878.8	650.1	256.8		38,540	11,054.4
2003	10,256.4	831.7	253.6		35,037	14,266.3
2004	11,112.0	1,093.4	348.0		34,317	16,323.7
2005	12,069.9	1,480.5	415.6	2,509,448	39,201	17,000.9
2006	12,828.4	1,653.9	490.1	2,635,772	19,695	19,568.9
2007	13,538.1	1,476.4	506.4	2,655,554	28,322	19,922.2
2008	13,929.3	1,048.6	376.6	2,523,785	43,562	11,590.3
2009	11,866.9	1,156.9	-68.9	2,430,703	60,827	15,077.2
2010	13,068.5	1,492.9	172.3	2,499,850	56,282	17,283.5
2011	14,482.5	1,457.6	269.4	2,575,423	47,806	15,640.8
2012	15,210.5	1,810.0	427.1	2,576,992	40,075	18,668.3
2013	15,674.6	1,821.3	489.4	2,611,992	33,212	24,034.9
2014	16,153.3	1,949.4	585.6	2,667,717	26,983	26,330.6
2015	15,638.0	1,842.3	647.9	2,823,725	24,735	25,067.5
2016	15,547.1	1,820.0	516.8	2,976,271	24,114	27,352.2
2017	16,290.0	1,796.2	560.4	3,196,934	23,157	32,120.7
2018	17,249.3	1,797.0	664.2	3,499,222	22,232	30,436.3
2019	17,219.7	1,842.5	693.0	3,517,492	22,780	34,085.7
2020	16,580.8	2,078.2	389.3	4,380,443	21,655	41,569.9
2021	19,601.2	2,950.2	544.9	5,409,643	14,347	48,548.5
2022	22,019.2	3,085.0	850.2	5,083,307	13,125	40,298.0
2023	20,361.9	3,203.9	875.9	5,480,290	18,926	48,979.4
2024	22,445.1	3,721.5	867.4	5,201,647		62,185.7

Labor statistics

The following table shows the development of the different important indicators of the US labor market, including employment and labor productivity. Green and red arrows in the table are showing decreasing/increasing values or positive/negative values

Year	Total population (thousands) [28]	Labor force (thousands) [29]	Labor force participation rate (in %) [29]	Employed (thousands) [29]	Employment rate (in %) [29]	Unemployed (in thousands) [29]	Unemployment rate (in %) [29]	Labor productivity (2017=100) [30]
1929	121,878						3.2
1930	123,188						8.7
1931	124,149						15.9
1932	124,949						23.6
1933	125,690						24.9
1934	126,485						21.7
1935	127,362						20.1
1936	128,181						16.9
1937	128,961						14.3
1938	129,969						19.0
1939	131,028						17.2
1940	132,122						14.6
1941	133,402						9.9
1942	134,860						4.7
1943	136,739						1.9
1944	138,397						1.2
1945	139,928						1.9
1946	141,389						3.9
1947	144,126						3.9
1948	146,631						3.8
1949	149,188						5.9
1950	151,684						5.3
1951	154,287						3.3
1952	156,954						3.0
1953	159,565	63,015	58.9	61,179	57.1	1,834	2.9
1954	162,391	63,643	58.8	60,109	55.5	3,532	5.5
1955	165,275	65,023	59.3	62,170	56.7	2,852	4.4
1956	168,221	66,552	60.0	63,799	57.5	2,750	4.1
1957	171,274	66,929	59.6	64,071	57.1	2,859	4.3
1958	174,141	67,639	59.5	63,036	55.4	4,602	6.8
1959	177,130	68,369	59.3	64,630	56.0	3,740	5.5
1960	180,760	69,628	59.4	65,778	56.1	3,852	5.5
1961	183,742	70,459	59.3	65,746	55.4	4,714	6.7
1962	186,590	70,614	58.8	66,702	55.5	3,911	5.5
1963	189,300	71,833	58.7	67,762	55.4	4,070	5.7
1964	191,927	73,091	58.7	69,305	55.7	3,786	5.2
1965	194,347	74,455	58.9	71,088	56.2	3,366	4.5
1966	196,599	75,770	59.2	72,895	56.9	2,875	3.8
1967	198,752	77,347	59.6	74,372	57.3	2,975	3.8
1968	200,745	78,737	59.6	75,920	57.5	2,817	3.6
1969	202,736	80,734	60.1	77,902	58.0	2,832	3.5
1970	205,089	82,771	60.4	78,678	57.4	4,093	4.9
1971	207,692	84,382	60.2	79,367	56.6	5,016	5.9
1972	209,924	87,034	60.4	82,153	57.0	4,882	5.6
1973	211,939	89,429	60.8	85,064	57.8	4,365	4.9
1974	213,898	91,949	61.3	86,794	57.8	5,156	5.6
1975	215,981	93,775	61.2	85,846	56.1	7,929	8.5
1976	218,086	96,158	61.6	88,752	56.8	7,406	7.7
1977	220,289	99,009	62.3	92,017	57.9	6,991	7.1
1978	222,629	102,251	63.2	96,048	59.3	6,202	6.1
1979	225,106	104,962	63.7	98,824	59.9	6,137	5.8
1980	227,726	106,940	63.8	99,303	59.2	7,637	7.1
1981	230,008	108,670	63.9	100,397	59.0	8,273	7.6
1982	232,218	110,204	64.0	99,526	57.8	10,678	9.7
1983	234,333	111,550	64.0	100,834	57.9	10,717	9.6
1984	236,394	113,544	64.4	105,005	59.5	8,539	7.5
1985	238,506	115,461	64.8	107,150	60.1	8,312	7.2
1986	240,683	117,834	65.3	109,597	60.7	8,237	7.0
1987	242,843	119,865	65.6	112,440	61.5	7,425	6.2	55.1
1988	245,061	121,669	65.9	114,968	62.3	6,701	5.5	56.0
1989	247,387	123,869	66.5	117,342	63.0	6,528	5.3	56.5
1990	250,181	125,840	66.5	118,793	62.8	7,047	5.6	57.4
1991	253,530	126,346	66.2	117,718	61.7	8,628	6.8	58.5
1992	256,922	128,105	66.4	118,492	61.5	9,613	7.5	61.1
1993	260,282	129,200	66.3	120,259	61.7	8,940	6.9	61.2
1994	263,455	131,056	66.6	123,060	62.5	7,996	6.1	61.6
1995	266,588	132,304	66.6	124,900	62.9	7,404	5.6	62.3
1996	269,714	133,943	66.8	126,708	63.2	7,236	5.4	63.6
1997	272,958	136,297	67.1	129,558	63.8	6,739	4.9	64.8
1998	276,154	137,673	67.1	131,463	64.1	6,210	4.5	67.0
1999	279,328	139,368	67.1	133,488	64.3	5,880	4.2	69.6
2000	282,398	142,583	67.1	136,891	64.4	5,692	4.0	71.7
2001	285,225	143,734	66.8	136,933	63.7	6,801	4.7	73.7
2002	287,955	144,863	66.6	136,485	62.7	8,378	5.8	76.9
2003	290,626	146,510	66.2	137,736	62.3	8,774	6.0	79.8
2004	293,262	147,401	66.0	139,252	62.3	8,149	5.5	82.1
2005	295,993	149,320	66.0	141,730	62.7	7,591	5.1	83.9
2006	298,818	151,428	66.2	144,427	63.1	7,001	4.6	84.8
2007	301,696	153,124	66.0	146,047	63.0	7,078	4.6	86.3
2008	304,543	154,287	66.0	145,362	62.2	8,924	5.8	87.6
2009	307,240	154,142	65.4	139,877	59.3	14,265	9.3	91.4
2010	309,839	153,889	64.7	139,064	58.5	14,825	9.6	94.4
2011	312,295	153,617	64.1	139,869	58.4	13,747	8.9	94.2
2012	314,725	154,975	63.7	142,469	58.6	12,506	8.1	95.0
2013	317,099	155,389	63.2	143,929	58.6	11,460	7.4	95.7
2014	319,601	155,922	62.9	146,305	59.0	9,617	6.2	96.6
2015	322,113	157,130	62.7	148,834	59.3	8,296	5.3	97.9
2016	324,609	159,187	62.8	151,436	59.7	7,751	4.9	98.7
2017	326,860	160,320	62.9	153,337	60.1	6,982	4.4	100.0
2018	328,794	162,075	62.9	155,761	60.4	6,314	3.9	101.4
2019	330,513	163,539	63.1	157,538	60.8	6,001	3.7	103.7
2020	331,840	160,742	61.7	147,795	56.8	12,947	8.1	109.4
2021	332,505	161,204	61.7	152,581	58.4	8,623	5.3	111.6
2022	334,372	164,287	62.2	158,291	60.0	5,996	3.6	109.8
2023	337,114	167,116	62.6	161,037	60.3	6,080	3.6	112.0
2024	340,212	168,106	62.6	161,346	60.1	6,761	4.0	115.1

Agricultural indicators

The following table shows the development of the different important indicators of US agriculture. Green and red arrows in the table are showing decreasing/increasing values or positive/negative values.

Years	Farm output (billion $) [31]	Farm workers (thousands) [29]	Cereal production (tons) [32]	Fruit production (tons) [33]	Vegetable production (tons) [34]	Meat production (tons) [35]	Food supply per capita (kcal) [36]
1950	31.2
1951	36.4
1952	35.7
1953	32.2	6,260
1954	32.2	6,205
1955	31.6	6,450
1956	31.6	6,283
1957	31.8	5,947
1958	35.7	5,586
1959	35.0	5,565
1960	35.7	5,458
1961	36.7	5,200	163,619,980	18,899,892	17,096,626	16,513,033	3,044
1962	38.1	4,944	162,455,780	19,908,002	18,019,448	16,589,528	3,018
1963	39.2	4,687	174,812,480	18,234,608	16,959,308	17,452,752	3,016
1964	37.7	4,523	160,937,070	18,249,632	16,941,024	18,545,968	3,082
1965	41.6	4,361	183,602,620	19,992,674	17,469,582	18,241,816	3,076
1966	44.6	3,979	184,444,880	20,410,398	17,768,968	19,077,204	3,110
1967	44.7	3,844	208,158,050	21,376,880	19,121,616	19,983,792	3,136
1968	45.5	3,817	202,538,420	19,530,580	21,082,192	20,347,980	3,159
1969	49.5	3,606	205,288,180	23,363,620	18,673,072	20,590,034	3,188
1970	51.8	3,463	186,860,750	22,322,940	18,973,780	21,330,296	3,174
1971	55.4	3,394	237,624,460	23,653,696	20,142,700	22,071,024	3,185
1972	63.4	3,484	228,117,870	21,608,664	20,558,786	21,961,512	3,188
1973	91.3	3,470	237,683,000	25,346,184	20,366,404	20,934,900	3,161
1974	92.0	3,515	204,617,500	24,783,260	22,186,720	22,330,672	3,150
1975	94.4	3,408	249,283,740	26,582,160	23,132,588	21,701,342	3,150
1976	96.1	3,331	258,200,100	26,576,328	22,358,060	23,588,288	3,285
1977	99.5	3,283	266,014,460	27,096,260	24,017,348	23,723,466	3,253
1978	117.6	3,387	276,602,530	26,646,152	23,950,392	23,497,032	3,269
1979	140.5	3,347	302,625,570	26,618,840	24,997,200	23,637,356	3,323
1980	137.8	3,364	269,883,970	30,667,352	23,233,940	24,455,198	3,278
1981	152.6	3,368	330,889,540	27,791,678	23,229,136	24,883,150	3,315
1982	147.0	3,401	333,103,740	27,064,406	25,452,944	24,222,124	3,285
1983	130.0	3,383	207,657,600	27,538,668	23,855,848	25,151,146	3,324
1984	154.9	3,321	314,749,500	25,111,010	25,590,760	25,417,452	3,369
1985	147.7	3,179	347,118,200	24,724,596	25,609,856	25,834,360	3,477
1986	139.2	3,163	315,331,200	24,987,272	24,931,472	26,283,504	3,448
1987	147.1	3,208	280,494,050	28,005,342	26,380,942	26,844,304	3,550
1988	153.7	3,169	206,528,100	28,285,304	25,634,796	27,808,250	3,559
1989	171.9	3,199	284,238,050	29,229,050	28,862,940	28,289,328	3,531
1990	179.9	3,223	312,410,600	26,327,030	29,762,520	28,634,662	3,583
1991	175.3	3,269	280,063,400	27,346,798	29,852,752	29,350,008	3,599
1992	182.6	3,247	353,025,150	29,598,900	29,748,296	30,665,134	3,599
1993	182.2	3,115	259,105,340	31,643,342	29,972,320	31,172,442	3,654
1994	197.5	3,409	355,934,900	31,804,144	34,466,250	32,229,068	3,704
1995	191.9	3,440	277,601,200	32,141,096	32,949,714	33,486,448	3,612
1996	215.8	3,443	335,780,130	31,921,702	33,204,014	34,270,504	3,617
1997	219.4	3,399	336,582,180	35,296,470	33,500,234	34,914,250	3,678
1998	207.8	3,378	349,425,760	34,473,708	32,258,476	35,874,200	3,687
1999	199.9	3,281	335,364,350	31,218,972	37,012,124	37,016,020	3,702
2000	204.3	2,464	342,631,520	35,713,530	37,477,820	37,565,212	3,784
2001	212.3	2,299	324,994,620	33,050,210	34,694,596	38,252,104	3,734
2002	202.4	2,311	297,143,460	33,282,500	36,843,188	38,715,588	3,808
2003	227.9	2,275	348,247,600	31,774,912	35,769,936	39,464,440	3,800
2004	263.2	2,232	389,023,780	33,013,670	37,761,910	39,805,480	3,829
2005	253.6	2,197	366,436,350	29,880,380	34,902,284	39,744,000	3,845
2006	256.2	2,206	338,336,800	28,972,844	35,133,100	40,131,500	3,798
2007	304.8	2,095	415,130,850	27,854,904	36,558,496	41,624,756	3,769
2008	327.9	2,168	402,399,940	30,636,408	34,876,076	42,883,180	3,712
2009	297.7	2,103	418,666,180	30,277,984	36,639,164	41,856,172	3,657
2010	320.9	2,206	401,126,340	29,156,900	34,723,852	41,952,750	3,729
2011	380.3	2,254	385,545,250	29,947,362	33,970,840	42,450,692	3,727
2012	404.2	2,186	356,210,100	29,980,306	35,260,076	42,622,316	3,765
2013	437.6	2,130	434,308,450	30,435,436	33,637,344	42,754,380	3,754
2014	442.2	2,237	442,849,100	28,600,144	35,662,548	42,825,420	3,742
2015	403.2	2,422	431,870,370	27,353,572	34,474,390	43,313,000	3,754
2016	379.8	2,460	503,466,140	27,690,094	34,135,076	44,668,812	3,777
2017	395.5	2,454	440,271,780	26,466,750	32,081,874	45,825,732	3,791
2018	395.1	2,425	439,710,820	24,375,294	31,731,880	46,858,456	3,824
2019	388.1	2,425	420,874,100	25,493,500	29,511,218	48,190,810	3,876
2020	389.5	2,349	433,259,140	23,887,258	29,222,040	47,063,684	3,892
2021	472.9	2,291	451,637,220	22,832,558	27,642,258	47,234,140	3,911
2022	574.2	2,290	410,940,930	21,346,636	27,126,302	47,530,724
2023	555.3	2,264

Industrial indicators

The following table shows the development of the different important indicators of US industry and manufacturing. Green and red arrows in the table are showing decreasing/increasing values or positive/negative values.

Years	Industrial production index (2017=100) [37]	Capacity utilization (in %) [38]	Manufacturing employment (thousands) [39]	Car production (units) [40] [41]	Steel production (thousand tons) [42]	Oil production (in TWh) [43]	Energy consumption (in TWh) [44]	Energy use per capita (in KWh)	Electricity production (in TWh)
1929	7.6					1,606
1930	6.3					1,432
1931	5.2					1,357
1932	4.1					1,252
1933	4.8					1,425
1934	5.3					1,430
1935	6.1					1,566
1936	7.2					1,728
1937	7.8					2,010
1938	6.2					1,909
1939	7.6		9,949			1,988
1940	8.8		10,847			2,127
1941	11.1		12,876			2,204
1942	12.7		15,288			2,179
1943	15.5		16,526			2,366
1944	16.6		15,659			2,637
1945	14.3		12,528			2,693
1946	12.3		14,301	3,100,820		2,725
1947	13.8		14,428	4,795,587		2,919
1948	14.4		14,086	5,220,755		3,175
1949	13.6		13,062	6,243,834		2,895
1950	15.8		14,782	8,005,859	87,848	3,102
1951	17.1		15,045	6,757,014	95,436	3,533
1952	17.8		15,973	5,561,796	84,521	3,599
1953	19.3		15,581	7,349,123	101,251	3,705
1954	18.2		14,967	6,536,729	80,115	3,905
1955	20.5		15,859	9,204,049	106,173	3,905
1956	21.4		15,957	6,918,758	104,522	4,114
1957	21.7		15,332	7,220,431	102,253	4,113
1958	20.3		14,877	5,121,269	77,342	3,849
1959	22.8		15,573	6,723,588	84,773	4,046
1960	23.3		14,947	7,905,119	90,067	4,047
1961	23.4		15,309	6,652,938	88,917	4,121
1962	25.4		15,520	8,197,311	89,202	4,206
1963	26.9		15,712	9,108,776	99,120	4,326
1964	28.7		16,176	9,307,860	115,281	4,380
1965	31.6		17,051	11,137,830	119,260	4,974	14,440	76,117
1966	34.3		17,998	10,396,299	121,655	5,286	15,247	79,483
1967	35.1	87.0	18,025	9,023,736	115,406	5,631	15,779	81,424
1968	37.0	87.3	18,410	10,820,410	119,262	5,848	16,719	85,415
1969	38.7	87.4	18,485	10,205,911	128,151	5,947	17,583	88,868
1970	37.5	81.3	17,309	8,283,949	119,307	6,204	18,206	90,880
1971	38.0	79.6	17,202	10,671,654	109,264	6,116	18,589	91,613
1972	41.6	84.7	18,158	11,310,708	120,874	6,139	19,514	95,080
1973	45.0	88.3	18,820	12,681,513	136,802	5,985	20,340	98,111
1974	44.9	85.0	17,693	10,071,042	132,195	5,715	19,843	94,815
1975	40.9	75.7	17,140	8,986,513	105,816	5,463	19,319	91,443
1976	44.1	79.9	17,719	11,497,596	116,120	5,326	20,377	95,543
1977	47.5	83.4	18,531	12,702,782	113,700	5,382	20,896	96,992
1978	50.1	85.1	19,334	12,899,202	124,313	5,631	21,359	98,032
1979	51.6	84.9	19,301	11,479,993	123,688	5,547	21,584	97,905
1980	50.3	80.7	18,640	8,009,841	101,456	5,585	20,752	93,000
1981	51.0	79.7	18,223	7,942,916	109,614	5,568	20,138	89,243
1982	48.3	73.7	16,690	6,985,595	67,656	5,591	19,318	84,728
1983	49.6	74.9	17,551	9,224,821	76,762	5,617	19,251	83,556
1984	54.1	80.5	18,023	10,924,781	83,940	5,770	20,236	86,936
1985	54.7	79.3	17,693	11,652,743	80,067	5,800	20,184	85,837	2,657
1986	55.3	78.5	17,478	11,334,775	74,031	5,609	20,372	85,771	2,676
1987	58.2	81.1	17,809	10,924,686	80,876	5,434	21,055	87,784	2,772
1988	61.2	84.3	18,025	11,213,687	90,650	5,339	22,015	90,861	2,914
1989	61.7	83.7	17,881	10,874,032	88,852	4,990	22,547	92,045	3,155
1990	62.3	82.3	17,395	9,782,997	89,726	4,845	22,609	91,135	3,233
1991	61.4	79.8	16,916	8,810,521	79,738	4,918	22,580	89,759	3,271
1992	63.2	80.6	16,769	9,728,790	84,322	4,804	22,913	89,794	3,284
1993	65.3	81.4	16,815	10,897,666	88,793	4,617	23,396	90,410	3,405
1994	68.7	83.3	17,217	12,262,737	91,244	4,507	23,824	90,837	3,459
1995	71.9	83.8	17,231	11,985,457	95,191	4,461	24,343	91,634	3,567
1996	75.2	83.3	17,284	11,798,905	95,535	4,443	25,165	93,557	3,663
1997	80.6	84.0	17,588	12,130,575	98,485	4,419	25,354	93,078	3,716
1998	85.3	82.7	17,449	12,006,079	98,658	4,281	25,513	92,495	3,856
1999	89.0	81.8	17,280	13,024,978	97,427	4,101	25,965	93,004	3,936
2000	92.5	81.5	17,181	12,799,857	101,803	4,042	26,546	94,003	3,802
2001	89.7	76.2	15,711	11,424,689	90,104	4,007	25,918	90,792	3,728
2002	90.0	75.0	14,912	12,279,582	91,587	3,976	26,297	91,199	3,844
2003	91.1	76.1	14,300	12,114,971	93,677	3,868	26,383	90,629	3,869
2004	93.6	78.3	14,287	11,989,387	99,681	3,784	26,899	91,510	3,952
2005	96.7	80.3	14,193	11,946,653	94,897	3,594	26,913	90,663	4,035
2006	98.9	80.6	14,015	11,263,986	98,557	3,541	26,700	89,073	4,047
2007	101.5	80.8	13,746	10,780,729	98,102	3,547	27,067	89,405	4,143
2008	97.9	77.8	12,850	8,693,541	91,350	3,515	26,407	86,384	4,108
2009	86.8	68.5	11,475	5,731,397	59,400	3,752	25,111	81,392	3,940
2010	91.6	73.4	11,595	7,761,443	80,495	3,874	25,954	83,403	4,114
2011	94.5	76.1	11,802	8,653,560	86,247	4,029	25,729	81,972	4,089
2012	97.4	77.0	11,960	10,328,884	88,700	4,597	25,047	79,101	4,041
2013	99.3	77.3	12,083	11,045,902	86,900	5,217	25,729	80,559	4,056
2014	102.3	78.9	12,292	11,660,699	88,200	6,101	25,996	80,724	4,096
2015	100.9	77.3	12,362	12,100,095	78,800	6,595	25,747	79,319	4,084
2016	98.7	75.6	12,355	12,198,137	78,500	6,312	25,727	78,625	4,088
2017	100.0	76.8	12,533	11,189,985	81,600	6,677	25,824	78,304	4,052
2018	103.2	79.8	12,796	11,314,705	86,600	7,787	26,769	80,595	4,202
2019	102.4	78.6	12,798	10,880,019	87,800	8,734	26,578	79,500	4,158
2020	95.1	72.9	12,194	8,822,399	72,700	8,296	24,623	73,294	4,043
2021	99.3	77.7	12,575	9,167,214	85,800	8,326	25,957	77,024	4,154
2022	102.7	80.7	12,934	10,060,339	82,000	8,863	26,504	77,628	4,287
2023	102.9	79.0	12,960	10,611,555	80,700	9,620	26,189	76,327	4,249
2024	102.6	77.6	12,873	10,562,188	79,500	9,977	26,589	76,800	4,387

See also

• Economy of the United States

References

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External links

• Labor productivity by regions and states