Educational architecture

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Educational architecture, school architecture or school building design is a discipline which practices architect and others for the design of educational institutions, such as schools and universities, as well as other choices in the educational design of learning experiences. The design of building can significantly influence the learning experience of students. [1] Additionally, because schools are important sources of traffic, employment and community activities, school buildings often act as anchor institutions in neighborhoods or communities. [2] [3] The decline of a school can have significant impact on local communities.

Contents

Various countries have gone through significant changes in philosophies associated with educational institutions, influenced by trends in investment by governments as well as larger changes in educational philosophy.

Scope

Academy Architecture of Royal College of Science (Imperial College London) Royal College of Science (Imperial College London).jpg
Academy Architecture of Royal College of Science (Imperial College London)

Though primarily dealing with the physical building where education is given, for example a school. Educational An educational architect can therefore also be someone without an official architect's title. [4] Both the methodical as the physical structure of the education influence the learning outcomes. [5]

Examples of educational architecture as redesign of the physical place are

Examples of educational architecture as redesign of the education process are

Significant movements

Queen Anne style

Edward Robert Robson pioneered the use of Queen Anne style architecture for school buildings. Robson believed Gothic architecture's association with religion was inappropriate for secular education buildings. Robson's beliefs inspired the Auckland Education Board architects Mitchell and Watt who designed many Queen Anne style school buildings. [10] [11]

Open classroom design

An open classroom is a student-centered learning space design format which first became popular in North America in the late 1960s and 1970s, with a re-emergence in the early 21st century. [12]

Also

Related Research Articles

Distance education, also known as distance learning, is the education of students who may not always be physically present at school, or where the learner and the teacher are separated in both time and distance. Traditionally, this usually involved correspondence courses wherein the student corresponded with the school via mail. Distance education is a technology-mediated modality and has evolved with the evolution of technologies such as video conferencing, TV, and the Internet. Today, it usually involves online education and the learning is usually mediated by some form of technology. A distance learning program can either be completely a remote learning, or a combination of both online learning and traditional offline classroom instruction. Other modalities include distance learning with complementary virtual environment or teaching in virtual environment (e-learning).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">School</span> Institution for the education of students by teachers

A school is both the educational institution and building designed to provide learning spaces and learning environments for the teaching of students under the direction of teachers. Most countries have systems of formal education, which is sometimes compulsory. In these systems, students progress through a series of schools that can be built and operated by both government and private organization. The names for these schools vary by country but generally include primary school for young children and secondary school for teenagers who have completed primary education. An institution where higher education is taught is commonly called a university college or university.

Blended learning or hybrid learning, also known as technology-mediated instruction, web-enhanced instruction, or mixed-mode instruction, is an approach to education that combines online educational materials and opportunities for interaction online with physical place-based classroom methods.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Interior architecture</span> Design of a building or shelter from inside out

Interior architecture is the design of a building or shelter from inside out, or the design of a new interior for a type of home that can be fixed. It can refer to the initial design and plan used for a building's interior, to that interior's later redesign made to accommodate a changed purpose, or to the significant revision of an original design for the adaptive reuse of the shell of the building concerned. The latter is often part of sustainable architecture practices, whereby resources are conserved by "recycling" a structure through adaptive redesign.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Classroom</span> Room desired for learning, usually in a bigger building

A classroom, schoolroom or lecture room is a learning space in which both children and adults learn. Classrooms are found in educational institutions of all kinds, ranging from preschools to universities, and may also be found in other places where education or training is provided, such as corporations and religious and humanitarian organizations. The classroom provides a space where learning can take place uninterrupted by outside distractions.

Educational technology is the combined use of computer hardware, software, and educational theory and practice to facilitate learning. When referred to with its abbreviation, "EdTech", it often refers to the industry of companies that create educational technology. In EdTech Inc.: Selling, Automating and Globalizing Higher Education in the Digital Age, Tanner Mirrlees and Shahid Alvi (2019) argue "EdTech is no exception to industry ownership and market rules" and "define the EdTech industries as all the privately owned companies currently involved in the financing, production and distribution of commercial hardware, software, cultural goods, services and platforms for the educational market with the goal of turning a profit. Many of these companies are US-based and rapidly expanding into educational markets across North America, and increasingly growing all over the world."

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Muskegon Community College</span> Public college in Muskegon, Michigan, US

Muskegon Community College (MCC) is a public community college in Muskegon, Michigan. The college offers 49 associate degree programs and 33 certificate programs. The college's main campus is located on a 111-acre campus in Muskegon, with extension centers in Ottawa and Newaygo counties.

An educational institution is a place where people of different ages gain an education, including preschools, childcare, primary-elementary schools, secondary-high schools, and universities. They provide a large variety of learning environments and learning spaces.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wellington, South Africa</span> Place in Western Cape, South Africa

Wellington is a town in the Western Cape Winelands, a 45-minute drive from Cape Town, in South Africa with a population of approximately 62,000. Wellington's economy is centered on agriculture such as wine, table grapes, deciduous fruit, and a brandy industry. The town is located 75 km north-east of Cape Town, reached by the N1 motorway and R44. Due to the growth of the Vlakkeland and Mbekweni township south of the town, it now forms a de facto urban unit with Paarl, just 10 km to the south. Wellington now officially falls under the Drakenstein Local Municipality, which also covers Saron and Paarl.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ustler Hall</span> United States historic place

Kathryn Chicone Ustler Hall is a historic building on the campus of the University of Florida (UF) in Gainesville, Florida. It was designed by William Augustus Edwards in the Collegiate Gothic style and opened in 1919 as the University Gymnasium. In that capacity, the building was the first home of the Florida Gators men's basketball team, and it continued to serve as the home court for most of the university's indoor sports programs until the Florida Gymnasium opened in the late 1940s. The university became co-educational at about the same time, and the building was rechristened the Women's Gymnasium and was repurposed as a recreation center for the school's many new female students. On June 27, 1979, it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Moray House School of Education and Sport</span>

The Moray House School of Education and Sport is a school within the College of Arts, Humanities and Social Science at the University of Edinburgh. It is based in historic buildings on the Holyrood Campus, located between the Canongate and Holyrood Road.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nutana Collegiate</span> Secondary school in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

Nutana Collegiate is a high school located in the Nutana neighbourhood of central Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, serving students from grades 9 through 12. Nutana was the first public high school in Saskatoon and is part of the Saskatoon Public School Division. The school possesses a significant collection of early Canadian art.

The Margaret Lyttle Memorial School Junior Campus is the junior campus of Preshil. It was designed by Kevin Borland. The buildings that Kevin Borland designed at the Preshil School are experimental in design and use triangular and hexagonal geometries together with diagonals in both plan and section. This creates a variety of internal and external spaces, irregular forms and buildings that strongly deviates from the conventional school buildings of that time. The precise forme of each building and its detailing is counteracted by the use of raw timber posts and beams.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Springmont</span> Private montessori school in Sandy Springs, Georgia, United States

Springmont is a private Montessori school located in Sandy Springs, Georgia, United States, in Metro Atlanta, at 5750 Long Island Drive. The school serves around 260 students rangingfrom 18 months to 14 years old. It is the oldest Montessori school in the Southeast.

School organizational models are methods of structuring the curriculum, functions, and facilities for schools, colleges, and universities. The organizing of teaching and learning has been structured since the first educational institutions were established. With greater specialization and expertise in a particular field of knowledge, and a gathering of like-minded individuals, instructors clustered into specialized groups, schools, and eventually departments within larger institutions. This structure spread rapidly during the 19th and 20th centuries with factory model schools and their "assembly-line" method of standardized curriculum and instructional methods. Beginning with the progressive educational movement in the early-mid 20th century, and again with similar trends in the late 20th and early 21st century, alternative models structured towards deeper learning, higher retention, and 21st century skills developed. The organizational models of schools fall into several main categories, including: departmental, integrative, project-based, academy, small learning communities, and school-within-a-school.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Learning environment</span> Term in education

The term learning environment can refer to an educational approach, cultural context, or physical setting in which teaching and learning occur. The term is commonly used as a more definitive alternative to "classroom", but it typically refers to the context of educational philosophy or knowledge experienced by the student and may also encompass a variety of learning cultures—its presiding ethos and characteristics, how individuals interact, governing structures, and philosophy. In a societal sense, learning environment may refer to the culture of the population it serves and of their location. Learning environments are highly diverse in use, learning styles, organization, and educational institution. The culture and context of a place or organization includes such factors as a way of thinking, behaving, or working, also known as organizational culture. For a learning environment such as an educational institution, it also includes such factors as operational characteristics of the instructors, instructional group, or institution; the philosophy or knowledge experienced by the student and may also encompass a variety of learning cultures—its presiding ethos and characteristics, how individuals interact, governing structures, and philosophy in learning styles and pedagogies used; and the societal culture of where the learning is occurring. Although physical environments do not determine educational activities, there is evidence of a relationship between school settings and the activities that take place there.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Learning space</span> Physical setting for a learning environment

Learning space or learning setting refers to a physical setting for a learning environment, a place in which teaching and learning occur. The term is commonly used as a more definitive alternative to "classroom," but it may also refer to an indoor or outdoor location, either actual or virtual. Learning spaces are highly diverse in use, configuration, location, and educational institution. They support a variety of pedagogies, including quiet study, passive or active learning, kinesthetic or physical learning, vocational learning, experiential learning, and others. As the design of a learning space impacts the learning process, it is deemed important to design a learning space with the learning process in mind.

Wornington Road School refers to buildings that have been used for a variety of purposes since 1874 in North Kensington, London.

Prakash Nair is an American school architect, entrepreneur, writer and public speaker who advocates for open classrooms in schools.

John Mitchell and Robert Martin Watt were a pair of New Zealand architects who designed numerous buildings, primarily educational buildings, several of which have been heritage listed.

References

  1. "How educational institutions' architecture shapes young minds". Architectural Digest India. 2021-02-06. Retrieved 2023-10-08.
  2. "Schools As Anchor Institutions – A Community Organizer's Perspective". Education - Power - Change. 2023-02-05. Retrieved 2023-10-08.
  3. O’Farrell, Liam; Hassan, Sara; Hoole, Charlotte (2022-12-02). "The university as a Just anchor: universities, anchor networks and participatory research". Studies in Higher Education. 47 (12): 2405–2416. doi: 10.1080/03075079.2022.2072480 . ISSN   0307-5079.
  4. Nixon, Robert G. (2006). "Becoming an education architect. How to design a training program that fits your department's needs". Emergency Medical Services. 35 (7): 54–60. PMID   16878749.
  5. Tanner, C. Kenneth (2000). "The influence of school architecture on academic achievement". Journal of Educational Administration. 38 (4): 309–330. doi:10.1108/09578230010373598.
  6. Jamieson, Peter (2005). "Moving beyond the classroom: Accommodating the changing pedagogy of higher education" (PDF). Forum of the Australasian Association for Institutional Research. 2005.
  7. Baker, Lindsay. "A History of School Design and Its Indoor Environmental Standards, 1900 to Today" (PDF). National Institute of Building Sciences. National Clearinghouse for Educational Facilities. Retrieved 22 February 2019.
  8. Caldwell, Mark S. (1993). "Educational Architecture: Constructing Courses to Meet Learner's Needs and Expectations". Journal of Professional Legal Education. 11 (1): 13.
  9. Naeve, Ambjörn (October 2001). "The knowledge manifold an educational architecture that supports inquiry-based customizable forms of e-learning" (PDF). CID, Centre for User Oriented IT Design. 2001.
  10. Francesco, Cara (October 2016). "Heritage Evaluation - Richmond Manual Training School" (PDF). Auckland Council Heritage Unit.
  11. Reynolds & Associates. "Heritage Evaluation - Newmarket Manual Training School" (PDF). Auckland Council Heritage Unit.
  12. “Who Thought 'Open Classrooms' Were a Good Idea?”, CityLab, April 27, 2017. Retrieved 2017-10-07