Eleanor Schofield

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Eleanor Schofied
Schofield headshot.jpg
Born
Eleanor Josephine Schofield

(1980-03-26) March 26, 1980 (age 43)
Alma mater Imperial College London (MEng, PhD)
Known forConservation work
Scientific career
Fields Materials science [1]
Institutions
Thesis Formation and characterisation of nanoporous materials  (2006)
Doctoral advisor Mary Ryan
Website imperial.ac.uk/people/e.schofield

Eleanor Josephine Schofield (born 26 March 1980 [2] ) is the Head of Conservation & Collections Care at the Mary Rose Trust. [3] [1] [4] She is an honorary Professor at the University of Kent. In 2015 she was selected as one of the Royal Society of Chemistry 175 Faces of Chemistry. [5]

Contents

Early life and education

Schofield studied materials science at Imperial College London [6] where she completed a Master of Engineering (MEng) degree followed by PhD [7] under the supervision of Mary Ryan in 2006. [6] She specialised in synchrotron science, working on dealloying. [8]

Career

After graduating, Schofield joined the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource. Here she investigated ways to characterise radioactive ground water waste. [6] She moved to the University of Kent as a postdoctoral researcher in 2009, where she worked with Alan Chadwick on sulphur in waterlogged wood. [9] [10]

In 2012 Schofield joined the Mary Rose Trust. [11] In 2013 the ship drying began, and Schofield was responsible for developing a series of experiments with the Diamond Light Source and University of Kent. [9] [12] Today she oversees the conservation of the hull and over 19,000 other artefacts. [13] Throughout her career at the Mary Rose, Schofield has been involved with the designers and exhibition staff.

Eleanor Schofield working on the Mary Rose ship Schofield working on the Mary Rose ship.jpg
Eleanor Schofield working on the Mary Rose ship

The hull of the Mary Rose was excavated from the sea in 1982, and has since been sprayed with a cold-water spray and polyethylene glycol to replace the cellular structure of the wood. [13] [5] It is kept inside an environment that allows controlled air-drying. [13] [14] Schofield continuously monitors the amount of sulphur and iron in the warship, working with Serena Corr at the University of Glasgow. [15] [16] Sulphur is present on the seabed, and became incorporated into the hull of the warship whilst it was underwater. [17] [18] Anaerobic bacteria react with sulphur in seawater, which can then produce iron sulfides by combining with iron corroded from fixtures and artefacts. [19] She also works with Rachel O'Reilly at the University of Birmingham as part of a Leverhulme Trust grant that looks to develop polymers that can remove iron ions from the wood, which could prevent these damaging acids from forming. [20] [21] To do this, Corr, O'Reilly and Schofield use core magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles that are embedded them into a thermoresponsive polymer. The treatment can be applied as a liquid, directed to particular areas of the wood using external magnetic fields. [22] [23] They can then be set as a gel and peeled from the surface. [20] She studied twelve of Henry VIII of England's iron cannonballs using synchrotron X‐ray powder diffraction. [24]

She studied the composition of the cannonballs in an effort to better preserve them. [25] [26] The cannonballs were produced in bulk, but subjected to different conservation methods and environments. [27] When chlorine from salt gets inside the archaeological iron it becomes corrosive. [25] [28] The Mary Rose Trust keeps 900 of the cannonballs preserved in high pH water to slows down corrosion. She works with University College London and the National Physical Laboratory to study other pollutants in artefacts. [6] She hopes that understanding the corrosion of iron will inform future conservation. [29]

She was selected as one of the Royal Society of Chemistry 175 Faces of Chemistry in 2015. [5] In 2016, 471 years after the Mary Rose sank, Schofield was involved with the reopening of the ship to the public. [30] [31] In 2016 she delivered a public lecture at the Royal Society of Chemistry public lecture on Conserving a Tudor Collection. [32] She was a speaker at the 2017 New Scientist Live. [33] Schofield is an honorary Professor at the University of Kent. [34] [35]

Related Research Articles

<i>Mary Rose</i> Carrack-type warship of the English Tudor navy

The Mary Rose was a carrack in the English Tudor navy of King Henry VIII. She was launched in 1511 and served for 33 years in several wars against France, Scotland, and Brittany. After being substantially rebuilt in 1536, she saw her last action on 19 July 1545. She led the attack on the galleys of a French invasion fleet, but sank in the Solent, the strait north of the Isle of Wight.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ironclad warship</span> Steam-propelled warship protected by iron or steel armor plates

An ironclad is a steam-propelled warship protected by iron or steel armor plates, constructed from 1859 to the early 1890s. The ironclad was developed as a result of the vulnerability of wooden warships to explosive or incendiary shells. The first ironclad battleship, Gloire, was launched by the French Navy in November 1859 – narrowly pre-empting the British Royal Navy. Although Britain built the first completely iron-hulled warships.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Diamond Light Source</span> UKs national synchrotron science facility located in Oxfordshire

Diamond Light Source is the UK's national synchrotron light source science facility located at the Harwell Science and Innovation Campus in Oxfordshire.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fordwich</span> Human settlement in England

Fordwich is a market town and a civil parish in east Kent, England, on the River Stour, northeast of Canterbury.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Swivel gun</span> Small cannon mounted on swivel for ease in aiming

A swivel gun is a small cannon mounted on a swiveling stand or fork which allows a very wide arc of movement. Another type of firearm referred to as a swivel gun was an early flintlock combination gun with two barrels that rotated along their axes to allow the shooter to switch between either the rifled or the smoothbore barrels.

HMS <i>Unicorn</i> (1824) Leda-class sailing frigate

HMSUnicorn is a surviving sailing frigate of the successful Leda class, although the original design had been modified by the time that the Unicorn was built, to incorporate a circular stern and "small-timber" system of construction. Listed as part of the National Historic Fleet, Unicorn is now a museum ship in Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom. She is the oldest ship in Scotland, one of the oldest ships in the world, and one of the last intact warships from the age of sail.

<i>San Diego</i> (ship)

The galleon San Diego was built as the trading ship San Antonio before hastily being converted into a warship of the Spanish Navy. On December 14, 1600, the fully laden San Diego was engaged by the Dutch warship Mauritius under the command of Admiral Olivier van Noort a short distance away from Fortune Island, Nasugbu, Philippines. Since San Diego couldn't handle the extra weight of her cannons, which led to a permanent list and put the cannon portholes below sea level, she was sunk without firing a single shot in response. The Dutch were later reported firing upon and hurling lances at the survivors attempting to climb aboard the Mauritius.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Margaret Rule</span> British archaeologist who led the Mary Rose project

Dr Margaret Helen Rule, was a British archaeologist. She is most notable for her involvement with the project that excavated and raised the Tudor warship Mary Rose in 1982.

The Mary Rose Trust is a limited charitable trust based in Portsmouth in the United Kingdom. Its primary aims are to preserve, display and spread knowledge about the 16th century warship Mary Rose which sank in the Solent on 19 July 1545 and was salvaged by the Trust in October 1982.

Ian Richard Swingland is a British conservationist, convicted in 2017 of conspiring to commit fraud by false representation. He founded DICE at the University of Kent in 1989, recognised as one of the first interdisciplinary research and postgraduate training institutes in the world concentrating on biodiversity, communities and sustainable development. While at DICE he served as director and was elected to the first chair in Conservation Biology in the United Kingdom.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mary Rose Museum</span> Maritime museum in Portsmouth, United Kingdom

The Mary Rose Museum is a historical museum located at Historic Dockyards in Portsmouth in the United Kingdom run by the Mary Rose Trust.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Martin Stratmann</span> German chemist and engineer

Martin Stratmann is a German electrochemist and materials scientist. He is one of the directors at the Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung in Düsseldorf since 2000, and heads its department of Interface Chemistry and Surface Engineering.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eleanor Campbell (scientist)</span> Scottish chemist

Eleanor Elizabeth Bryce Campbell FRSE FRS FRSC FInstP is a Scottish scientist who holds the Chair of Chemistry at the University of Edinburgh.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Conservation and restoration of shipwreck artifacts</span>

The conservation and restoration of shipwreck artifacts is the process of caring for cultural heritage that has been part of a shipwreck. Oftentimes these cultural artifacts have been underwater for a great length of time. Without conservation, most artifacts would perish and important historical data would be lost. In archaeological terms, it is usually the responsibility of an archaeologist and conservator to ensure that material recovered from a shipwreck is properly cared for. The conservation phase is often time-consuming and expensive, which is one of the most important considerations when planning and implementing any action involving the recovery of artifacts from a shipwreck.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Portsmouth Historic Dockyard</span> Manages tourism at HM Naval Base Portsmouth

Portsmouth Historic Dockyard is an area of HM Naval Base Portsmouth which is open to the public; it contains several historic buildings and ships. It is managed by the National Museum of the Royal Navy as an umbrella organization representing five charities: the Portsmouth Naval Base Property Trust, the National Museum of the Royal Navy, Portsmouth, the Mary Rose Trust, the Warrior Preservation Trust Ltd and the HMS Victory Preservation Company. Portsmouth Historic Dockyard Ltd was created to promote and manage the tourism element of the Royal Navy Dockyard, with the relevant trusts maintaining and interpreting their own attractions. It also promotes other nearby navy-related tourist attractions.

Christopher Joseph Schofield is a Professor of Chemistry at the University of Oxford and a Fellow of the Royal Society. Chris Schofield is a professor of organic chemistry at the University of Oxford, Department of Chemistry and a Fellow of Hertford College. Schofield studied functional, structural and mechanistic understanding of enzymes that employ oxygen and 2-oxoglutarate as a co-substrate. His work has opened up new possibilities in antibiotic research, oxygen sensing, and gene regulation.

Conservation-restoration of the <i>H.L. Hunley</i>

The conservation-restoration of the H.L. Hunley is currently being undertaken by the Warren Lasch Conservation Center; they hope to have the Hunley project completed by 2020. Since the Hunley was located in 1970 by Dr. E. Lee Spence and recovered from the ocean in 2000, a team of conservators from the Lasch Conservation Center has been working to restore the Hunley.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mary Ryan (materials scientist)</span>

Mary Patricia Ryan is a Professor of Materials Science at Imperial College London and a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering.

Alison Jean Davenport is the Professor of Corrosion Science at the School of Metallurgy and Materials, University of Birmingham.

Serena Corr is a chair in Functional Materials and Professor in Chemical and Biological Engineering at the University of Sheffield. She works on next-generation battery materials and advanced characterisation techniques for nanomaterials.

References

  1. 1 2 Eleanor Schofield publications indexed by Google Scholar OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
  2. ↑ "Eleanor SCHOFIELD". Companies House . Retrieved 25 January 2020.
  3. ↑ Eleanor Schofield publications indexed by the Scopus bibliographic database. (subscription required)
  4. ↑ Eleanor Schofield publications from Europe PubMed Central
  5. 1 2 3 "Dr Eleanor Schofield". rsc.org. Archived from the original on 16 April 2015. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
  6. 1 2 3 4 "Lab Profile: Dr Eleanor Schofield". Materials Today. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
  7. ↑ Schofield, Eleanor Josephine (2006). Formation and characterisation of nanoporous materials. jisc.ac.uk (PhD thesis). Imperial College London (University of London). OCLC   500283573. EThOS   uk.bl.ethos.429052.
  8. ↑ Schofield, Eleanor J.; Ingham, Bridget; Turnbull, Alan; Toney, Michael F.; Ryan, Mary P. (2008). "Strain development in nanoporous metallic foils formed by dealloying". Applied Physics Letters. 92 (4): 043118. Bibcode:2008ApPhL..92d3118S. doi:10.1063/1.2838351. ISSN   0003-6951.
  9. 1 2 kem39 (27 November 2018). "Meet our newest Honorary Professor: Dr. Eleanor Schofield". School of Physical Sciences at Kent Blog. Retrieved 6 December 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  10. ↑ "Mary Rose : Protecting our Heritage through Chemistry". impact.ref.ac.uk. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
  11. ↑ "Executive team". The Mary Rose. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
  12. ↑ "High-tech conservation solutions for old warship". phys.org. 18 February 2008. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
  13. 1 2 3 Khai Trung Le (24 September 2018). "Science innovation at the Mary Rose". iom3.org. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
  14. ↑ Richardson, Nigel (20 July 2016). "The best view of the Mary Rose in 471 years". The Telegraph. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
  15. ↑ Dominic Joyeux; Dr Eleanor Schofield; Christopher Dobbs (March 2018). "Raising and conserving the Mary Rose". Ingenia. No. 74.
  16. ↑ "Mary Rose hull preserved using magnetic nanotech". The Engineer. 22 August 2018. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
  17. ↑ Simon M. Clabby (13 October 2014). "What Has Science Got to Do With the Mary Rose?". HuffPost UK. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
  18. ↑ Warren, Matthew (14 October 2013). "Synchrotrons, ships and sulphur: Using a particle accelerator to help conserve the Mary Rose". Bang! Science Magazine. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
  19. ↑ Simms, Chris (21 July 2016). "The long scientific voyage of Tudor warship the Mary Rose". New Scientist. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
  20. 1 2 Rachel K. O’Reilly (13 September 2018). "Using nanotechnology to save a national icon". birmingham.ac.uk. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
  21. ↑ Schofield, Eleanor J.; Sarangi, Ritimukta; Mehta, Apurva; Jones, A. Mark; Mosselmans, Fred J.W.; Chadwick, Alan V. (1 July 2011). "Nanoparticle de-acidification of the Mary Rose". Materials Today. 14 (7–8): 354–358. doi: 10.1016/S1369-7021(11)70166-3 . ISSN   1369-7021.
  22. ↑ "Bringing salvaged wooden ships and artifacts back to life with 'smart' nanotech". American Chemical Society. 21 August 2018. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
  23. ↑ Denise Chow (10 September 2018). "How tiny magnets could save a historic warship that once sailed for King Henry VIII". NBC News. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
  24. ↑ Simon, Hayley; Cibin, Giannantonio; Robbins, Phil; Day, Sarah; Tang, Chiu; Freestone, Ian; Schofield, Eleanor (2018). "A Synchrotron-Based Study of the Mary Rose Iron Cannonballs". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 57 (25): 7390–7395. doi:10.1002/anie.201713120. ISSN   1521-3773. PMC   6032935 . PMID   29517157.
  25. 1 2 Adrian Murphy (27 September 2018). "Conservation and collection care: Using X-rays to preserve the Mary Rose Museum's Cannonballs". Museums + Heritage Advisor. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
  26. ↑ "Going ballistic! Science meets conservation on The Mary Rose". UCL News. 9 March 2018. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
  27. ↑ "Determining the impact of post-conservation corrosion". Diamond Light Source. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
  28. ↑ "The Mary-Rose and the Dynamic Duo – Joint Meeting of the Institute of Corrosion, London Branch with the SCI London Group". INSTITUTE OF CORROSION. 7 November 2018. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
  29. ↑ "The Mary Rose: Fighting Corrosion on a Fighting Ship – Event Preview". soci.org. 3 September 2018. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
  30. ↑ "Full view of Mary Rose warship revealed". BBC News. 19 July 2016. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
  31. ↑ "Henry VIII's flagship back on public view in Portsmouth". Apollo Magazine. 19 July 2016. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
  32. ↑ Royal Society Of Chemistry, Conserving a Tudor Collection – Public Lecture , retrieved 6 December 2018
  33. ↑ Knapton, Sarah (1 October 2017). "Wreck of Mary Rose has started to collapse onto itself, warn conservators". The Telegraph. ISSN   0307-1235 . Retrieved 6 December 2018.
  34. ↑ "Professor Eleanor Schofield". imperial.ac.uk. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
  35. ↑ "Professor Eleanor Schofield". kent.ac.uk. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
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