Electoral history of Richard Neal

Last updated
Neal during the 113th Congress Richard Neal 113th Congress.jpg
Neal during the
113th Congress

Since 1977, Richard Neal has won 3 city council elections, 3 mayoral elections, and 18 United States House of Representatives elections.

Contents

Neal began his career in elected office after winning election in 1977 to the city council of Springfield, Massachusetts. After twice winning reelection to the city council (in 1979 and 1981), Neal was elected mayor of the city in 1983. He was twice reelected mayor, in 1985 and 1987.

In 1988, Neal was elected as a Democrat to represent Massachusetts 2nd district in the United States House of Representatives. He was reelected to this district eleven times. In 2012, he was redistricted to Massachusetts 1st district, to which he was elected. He has been reelected to this district six times, with his latest re-election occurring in 2024.

City council elections

1977

1977 Springfield city councilors at-large election
CandidatesPrimary [1] General
election [2]
Votes%Votes%
Vincent Di Monaco9,5077.3916,1748.34
Paul M. Kalill8,7026.7715,5528.02
Richard E. Neal6,8755.3513,4166.92
Philip A. Contant5,6894.4312,8676.63
Leonard J. Collamore7,7566.0312,7816.59
Paul R. Mason6,1694.8012,6246.51
Thomas J. Costello III5,9034.5911,9746.17
Rose Marie Coughlin6,3244.9211,8216.09
Robert T. Markel3,8813.0211,4145.88
James H. Bloom6,5725.1111,3595.86
Daniel M. Walsh III5,9724.6510,6385.48
James A. Murray5,3974.2010,1655.24
Donald C. Keavany2,8932.259,0014.64
Peter J. Jurzynski4,6063.588,6374.45
Romeo J. Cyr4,9933.888,1714.21
Daniel J. Manning3,8803.026,6113.41
Daniel E. O'Malley3,7692.936,4853.34
Thomas J. Costello III2,8932.254,3192.23
Francis P. Coughlin2,8662.23
Edward F. Cass2,6242.04
Sidney Chet Chernice2,4391.90
Theodore Piwowarczyk1,8921.47
Millicent V. Abner1,8271.42
Candice Early Lopes1,6251.26
Joseph B. Flynn Jr1,5941.24
Edward T. Sullivan1,5441.20
John A. Wanat1,4961.16
William A. Grant1,4211.11
Philip J. Glarneau1,3281.03
Sidney Silverman9780.76
Robert J. Wihbey9570.74
George Williams9490.74
August Lucia8970.70
Paul Sacharczyk8940.70
Joseph H. Kirby5380.42
Archibald Strong4730.37
David J. Peterson4530.35
Hindes10.00
Total128,577100194,009100

1979

1979 Springfield city councilors at-large election [3]
CandidatesVotes%
Richard E. Neal15,9029.93
Vincent DiMonaco15,0209.38
Brian Santaniello14,8289.26
Rose Marie Coughlin14,4209.00
Mary Hurley13,3378.33
Philip A. Contant12,9938.11
Robert T. Markel11,6797.29
Paul R. Mason11,4257.13
Peter J. Jurzynski10,3006.43
Phillip Hart10,0966.30
Morris Jones6,3583.97
Cesar Ruiz, Jr.6,3373.96
Thomas M. Moriarty4,8843.05
Daniel J. Manning4,6922.93
Thomas A. Bridges3,2432.02
Philip J. Galarneau3,0561.90
Alfred J. Rivers1,6341.02
Total160,204100

1981

1981 Springfield city councilors at-large election
CandidatesPrimary [4] General
election [5]
Votes%Votes%
Richard E. Neal13,1099.6324,4529.59
Mary Hurley11,4518.4122,0328.64
Vincent Dimonaco10,9038.0121,7908.55
Brian A. Santaniello10,7967.9321,3608.38
Rose Marie Coughlin10,6287.8120,2787.96
Andrew M. Scibelli10,5837.7719,1767.52
Robert T. Markel8,6566.3618,6187.30
Philip A. Contant9,2176.7718,4907.25
Paul R. Mason9,8797.2617,1036.71
Francis W. Bloom7,2955.3616,8016.59
Nicola "Nick" Gioscia5,6024.1211,6374.57
Michael F. Crowley6,6534.8911,4144.48
Miguel Rivas Jr.3,8812.857,3492.88
Morris Jones4,8823.596,6892.62
Harold F. Langford Jr.3,2372.386,1132.40
Floyd Narcisse3,2772.415,3902.12
Ernest R. Duteau1,7191.263,1971.25
Alferd J. Rivers1,5601.153,0311.19
Normand W. Oliver1,5521.14
Lewis M. Brown1,2550.92
Total136,135100254,911100

Mayoral elections

1983

1983 Springfield, Massachusetts mayoral election
CandidatesPrimary [6] General
election [7]
Votes%Votes%
Richard E. Neal11,31585.5825,46285.34
William G. Montana1,1138.424,37314.66
Joseph D. Harrington7936.00
Total13,22110029,835100

1985

1985 Springfield, Massachusetts mayoral election [8]
CandidateVotes%
Richard E. Neal (incumbent)19,38292.12
Joseph D. Harrington1,6587.88
Total votes21,040 100

1987

1987 Springfield, Massachusetts mayoral election [9]
CandidateVotes%
Richard E. Neal (incumbent)20,61291.65
Joseph D. Harrington1,8798.36
Total votes22,491 100

Congressional elections

General election summary table
U.S. House, Massachusetts' 2nd congressional district general elections
YearWinning candidatePartyPctOpponentPartyPctOpponentPartyPctOpponentPartyPctOpponentPartyPct
1988 [10] Richard E. Neal Democratic 80.23%Mark AugustiPeace, Jobs, Justice19.75% Write-ins 0.07%
1990 [11] Richard E. NealDemocratic67.97% Write-ins 32.01%
1992 [12] Richard E. NealDemocratic53.09%Anthony W. Ravosa Republican 31.07%Thomas R. SheehanFor the People15.76% Write-ins 0.08%
1994 [13] Richard E. NealDemocratic58.52%John M. BraireRepublican36.32%Kate Ross Natural Law 5.08% Write-ins 0.08%
1996 [14] Richard E. NealDemocratic71.67%Mark SteeleRepublican21.94%Scott Andrichak Independent 4.04%Richard Kaynor Natural Law 2.25% Write-ins 0.10%
1998 [15] Richard E. NealDemocratic98.94% Write-ins 1.06%
2000 [16] [17] Richard E. NealDemocratic98.91% Write-ins 1.09%
2002 [18] [19] Richard E. NealDemocratic99.13% Write-ins 0.87%
2004 [20] [21] Richard E. NealDemocratic98.73% Write-ins 1.27%
2006 [22] [23] Richard E. NealDemocratic99.27% Write-ins 0.73%
2008 [24] [25] Richard E. NealDemocratic98.47% Write-ins 1.53%
2010 [26] Richard E. NealDemocratic57.32%Thomas A. WesleyRepublican42.61% Write-ins 0.08%
U.S. House, Massachusetts' 1st congressional district general elections
YearWinning candidatePartyPctOpponentPartyPctOpponentPartyPctOpponentPartyPct
2012 [27] Richard E. NealDemocratic98.42% Write-ins 1.58%
2014 [28] Richard E. NealDemocratic98.45% Write-ins 1.55%
2016 [29] Richard E. NealDemocratic73.34%Frederick O. MayockIndependent17.88%Thomas T. SimmonsLibertarian8.56% Write-ins 0.22%
2018 [30] Richard E. NealDemocratic97.64% Write-ins 2.36%
2020 [31] Richard E. NealDemocratic96.51% Alex Morse Write-in 0.45%Other write-ins3.04%
2022 [32] Richard E. NealDemocratic59.97Dean MartilliRepublican37.32Other write-ins0.14%
2024 [33] Richard E. NealDemocratic62.37 Nadia Milleron Independent37.30Other write-ins0.33%

1988

1988 Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district Democratic primary [34]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Richard E. Neal 24,523 99.93
Write-in Other180.07
Total votes24,541 100
1988 Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district election [10]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Richard E. Neal 156,262 80.23
Peace, Jobs JusticeLouis R. Godena38,46619.75
Write-in Other520.03
Total votes194,780 100

1990

1990 Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district Democratic primary [35]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Richard E. Neal (incumbent) 51,615 63.61
Democratic Theodore E. DiMauro29,52036.38
Write-in Other50.01
Total votes81,140 100
1990 Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district election [11]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Richard E. Neal (incumbent) 134,152 67.97
Write-in Other63,16932.01
Total votes197,321 100

1992

1992 Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district Democratic primary [36]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Richard E. Neal (incumbent) 30,370 47.72
Democratic Kateri B. Walsh21,70934.11
Democratic Charles A. Platten, Jr.11,51318.09
Write-in Other490.08
Total votes63,641 100
1992 Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district election [12]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Richard E. Neal (incumbent) 131,215 53.09
Republican Anthony W. Ravosa76,79531.07
For the PeopleThomas R. Sheehan38,96315.76
Write-in Other1900.08
Total votes247,163 100

1994

1994 Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district Democratic primary [37]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Richard E. Neal (incumbent) 25,472 99.82
Write-in Other460.18
Total votes25,518 100
1994 Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district election [13]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Richard E. Neal (incumbent) 117,178 58.52
Republican John M. Braire72,73236.32
Natural Law Kate Ross10,1675.08
Write-in Other1610.08
Total votes200,238 100

1996

1996 Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district Democratic primary [38]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Richard E. Neal (incumbent) 11,048 99.01
Write-in Other1111.00
Total votes11,159 100
1996 Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district election [14]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Richard E. Neal (incumbent) 162,995 71.67
Republican Mark Steele49,88521.94
Independent Scott Andrichak9,1814.04
Natural Law Richard Kaynor5,1242.25
Write-in Other2260.10
Total votes227,411 100

1998

1998 Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district Democratic primary [39]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Richard E. Neal (incumbent) 30,785 99.45
Write-in Other1690.55
Total votes30,954 100
1998 Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district election [15]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Richard E. Neal (incumbent) 130,550 98.94
Write-in Other1,3931.06
Total votes131,943 100

2000

2000 Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district Democratic primary [40]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Richard E. Neal (incumbent) 20,253 86.45
Democratic Joseph R. Fountain3,14913.44
Write-in Other260.11
Total votes23,428 100
2000 Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district election [16] [17]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Richard E. Neal (incumbent) 196,670 98.91
Write-in Other2,1761.09
Total votes198,846 100

2002

2002 Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district Democratic primary [41]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Richard E. Neal (incumbent) 47,369 99.45
Write-in Other2600.55
Total votes47,629 100
2002 Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district election [18] [19]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Richard E. Neal (incumbent) 153,387 99.13
Write-in Other1,3410.87
Total votes154,728 100

2004

2004 Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district Democratic primary [42]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Richard E. Neal (incumbent) 29,707 99.14
Write-in Other2590.55
Total votes29,966 100
2004 Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district election [20] [21]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Richard E. Neal (incumbent) 217,682 98.73
Write-in Other2,8021.27
Total votes220,484 100

2006

2006 Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district Democratic primary [43]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Richard E. Neal (incumbent) 60,953 99.27
Write-in Other4460.73
Total votes61,399 100
2006 Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district election [22] [23]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Richard E. Neal (incumbent) 164,939 98.65
Write-in Other2,2541.35
Total votes167,193 100

2008

2008 Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district Democratic primary [44]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Richard E. Neal (incumbent) 30,017 98.82
Write-in Other3601.19
Total votes30,377 100
2008 Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district election [24] [25]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Richard E. Neal (incumbent) 234,369 98.47
Write-in Other3,6311.53
Total votes238,000 100

2010

2010 Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district Democratic primary [45]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Richard E. Neal (incumbent) 31,053 98.68
Write-in Other4161.32
Total votes31,469 100
2010 Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district election [26]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Richard E. Neal (incumbent) 122,708 57.32
Republican Thomas A. Wesley91,20942.61
Write-in Other1640.08
Total votes214,081 100

2012

2012 Massachusetts's 1st congressional district Democratic primary [46]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Richard Neal (redistricted incumbent) 40,295 65.40
Democratic Andrea F. Nuciforo, Jr.15,15924.63
Democratic Bill Shein6,0599.85
Write-in Other330.05
Total votes61,546 100
2012 Massachusetts's 1st congressional district election [27]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Richard E. Neal (redistricted incumbent) 261,936 98.42
Write-in Other4,1971.58
Total votes266,133 100

2014

2016 Massachusetts's 1st congressional district Democratic primary [47]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Richard Neal (incumbent) 44,857 98.45
Write-in Other7061.55
Total votes45,563 100
2014 Massachusetts's 1st congressional district election [28]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Richard E. Neal (incumbent) 167,612 97.97
Write-in Other3,4982.04
Total votes171,110 100

2016

2016 Massachusetts's 1st congressional district Democratic primary [48]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Richard Neal (incumbent) 44,857 98.45
Write-in Other7061.55
Total votes45,563 100
2016 Massachusetts's 1st congressional district election [29]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Richard E. Neal (incumbent) 235,803 73.34
Independent Frederick O. Mayock57,50417.88
Libertarian Thomas T. Simmons27,5118.56
Write-in Other7210.22
Total votes321,539 100

2018

2018 Massachusetts's 1st congressional district Democratic primary [49]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Richard Neal (incumbent) 49,696 70.64
Democratic Tahirah Amatul-Wadud20,56529.23
Write-in Other930.13
Total votes70,354 100
2018 Massachusetts's 1st congressional district election [30]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Richard E. Neal (incumbent) 211,790 97.64
Write-in Other5,1102.36
Total votes216,900 100

2020

2020 Massachusetts's 1st congressional district Democratic primary [50]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Richard E. Neal (incumbent) 84,092 58.64
Democratic Alex Morse 59,11041.22
Write-in Other1910.13
Total votes143,393 100
2020 Massachusetts's 1st congressional district election [31]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Richard E. Neal (incumbent) 275,376 96.51
Write-in Alex Morse 1,2740.45
Write-in Other8,6823.04
Total votes285,332 100

2022

2022 Massachusetts's 1st congressional district Democratic primary [51]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Richard E. Neal (incumbent) 71,928 99.16
Write-in Other6060.84
Total votes72,534 100
2022 Massachusetts's 1st congressional district election [32]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Richard E. Neal (incumbent) 157,635 59.97
Republican Dean Martilli98,38637.32
Write-in 3780.14
Total votes263,651 100

2024

2024 Massachusetts's 1st congressional district Democratic primary [52]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Richard E. Neal (incumbent) 56,364 99.07
Write-in 5280.92
Total votes56,892 100
2024 Massachusetts's 1st congressional district election [33]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Democratic Richard E. Neal (incumbent) 223,325 62.37
Independent Nadia Milleron 133,55237.30
Write-in 1,1810.33
Total votes358,058 100

References

  1. ↑ "1977 Primary". Springfield, Massachusetts. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  2. ↑ "November 8, 1977". Springfield, Massachusetts. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  3. ↑ "November 6, 1979". Springfield, Massachusetts. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  4. ↑ "10/6/1981 12:00:00 AM". Springfield, Massachusetts. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  5. ↑ "City Election November 3, 1981". Springfield, Massachusetts. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  6. ↑ "Primary Election Sept. 20,1983". Springfield, Massachusetts. Retrieved December 5, 2019.
  7. ↑ "Election November 3, 1983". Springfield, Massachusetts. Retrieved December 5, 2019.
  8. ↑ "11/5/1985 12:00:00 AM". Springfield, Massachusetts. Retrieved December 5, 2019.
  9. ↑ "11/3/1987 12:00:00 AM". Springfield, Massachusetts. Retrieved December 5, 2019.
  10. 1 2 "STATISTICS OF THE PRESIDENTIAL AND CONGRESSIONAL ELECTION OF NOVEMBER 8, 1988". United States House of Representatives. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  11. 1 2 "STATISTICS OF THE CONGRESSIONAL ELECTION OF NOVEMBER 6, 1990". United States House of Representatives. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  12. 1 2 "STATISTICS OF THE PRESIDENTIAL AND CONGRESSIONAL ELECTION OF NOVEMBER 3, 1992". United States House of Representatives. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  13. 1 2 "STATISTICS OF THE CONGRESSIONAL ELECTION OF NOVEMBER 8, 1994". United States House of Representatives. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  14. 1 2 "STATISTICS OF THE PRESIDENTIAL AND CONGRESSIONAL ELECTION OF NOVEMBER 5, 1996". United States House of Representatives. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  15. 1 2 "STATISTICS OF THE CONGRESSIONAL ELECTION OF NOVEMBER 3, 1998". United States House of Representatives. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  16. 1 2 "STATISTICS OF THE PRESIDENTIAL AND CONGRESSIONAL ELECTION OF NOVEMBER 7, 2000". United States House of Representatives. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  17. 1 2 "STATISTICS OF THE PRESIDENTIAL AND CONGRESSIONAL ELECTION OF NOVEMBER 7, 2000". clerk.house.gov. Clerk of the House of Representatives. June 21, 2001. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  18. 1 2 "STATISTICS OF THE CONGRESSIONAL ELECTION OF NOVEMBER 5, 2002". United States House of Representatives. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  19. 1 2 "STATISTICS OF THE PRESIDENTIAL AND CONGRESSIONAL ELECTION OF NOVEMBER 5, 2002". clerk.house.gov. Clerk of the House of Representatives. May 1, 2003. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  20. 1 2 "STATISTICS OF THE PRESIDENTIAL CONGRESSIONAL ELECTION OF NOVEMBER 2, 2004". United States House of Representatives. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  21. 1 2 "STATISTICS OF THE PRESIDENTIAL AND CONGRESSIONAL ELECTION OF NOVEMBER 2, 2004". clerk.house.gov. Clerk of the House of Representatives. June 7, 2005. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  22. 1 2 "STATISTICS OF THE CONGRESSIONAL ELECTION OF NOVEMBER 7, 2006". United States House of Representatives. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  23. 1 2 "STATISTICS CONGRESSIONAL ELECTION OF NOVEMBER 7, 2006". clerk.house.gov. Clerk of the House of Representatives. June 7, 2005. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  24. 1 2 "STATISTICS OF THE PRESIDENTIAL CONGRESSIONAL ELECTIONS OF NOVEMBER 4, 2008". United States House of Representatives. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  25. 1 2 "STATISTICS OF THE PRESIDENTIAL AND CONGRESSIONAL ELECTIONS OF NOVEMBER 4, 2008". clerk.house.gov. Clerk of the House of Representatives. June 7, 2005. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  26. 1 2 "STATISTICS OF THE CONGRESSIONAL ELECTION OF NOVEMBER 2, 2010". United States House of Representatives. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  27. 1 2 "STATISTICS OF THE PRESIDENTIAL AND CONGRESSIONAL ELECTIONS OF NOVEMBER 6, 2012". United States House of Representatives. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  28. 1 2 "STATISTICS OF THE CONGRESSIONAL ELECTIONS OF NOVEMBER 4, 2014". United States House of Representatives. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  29. 1 2 "STATISTICS OF THE PRESIDENTIAL AND CONGRESSIONAL ELECTIONS OF NOVEMBER 8, 2016". United States House of Representatives. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  30. 1 2 "STATISTICS OF THE PRESIDENTIAL AND CONGRESSIONAL ELECTIONS OF NOVEMBER 6, 2018". United States House of Representatives. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  31. 1 2 "2020 U.S. House General Election 1st Congressional District". PD43+. Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. 2020. Retrieved 11 December 2020.
  32. 1 2 "2022 U.S. House General Election 1st Congressional District". PD43+. Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. 2022. Retrieved 18 September 2025.
  33. 1 2 "2024 U.S. House General Election 1st Congressional District". PD43+. Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. 2024. Retrieved 18 September 2025.
  34. ↑ "1988 U.S. House Democratic Primary 2nd Congressional District". PD43+. Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  35. ↑ "1990 U.S. House Democratic Primary 2nd Congressional District". PD43+. Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  36. ↑ "1992 U.S. House Democratic Primary 2nd Congressional District". PD43+. Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  37. ↑ "1994 U.S. House Democratic Primary 2nd Congressional District". PD43+. Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  38. ↑ "1996 U.S. House Democratic Primary 2nd Congressional District". PD43+. Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  39. ↑ "1998 U.S. House Democratic Primary 2nd Congressional District". PD43+. Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  40. ↑ "2000 U.S. House Democratic Primary 2nd Congressional District". PD43+. Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  41. ↑ "2002 U.S. House Democratic Primary 2nd Congressional District". PD43+. Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  42. ↑ "2004 U.S. House Democratic Primary 2nd Congressional District". PD43+. Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  43. ↑ "2006 U.S. House Democratic Primary 2nd Congressional District". PD43+. Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  44. ↑ "2008 U.S. House Democratic Primary 2nd Congressional District". PD43+. Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  45. ↑ "2010 U.S. House Democratic Primary 2nd Congressional District". PD43+. Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  46. ↑ "2012 U.S. House Democratic Primary 1st Congressional District". PD43+. Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  47. ↑ "2016 U.S. House Democratic Primary 1st Congressional District". PD43+. Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  48. ↑ "2016 U.S. House Democratic Primary 1st Congressional District". PD43+. Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  49. ↑ "2018 U.S. House Democratic Primary 1st Congressional District". PD43+. Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  50. ↑ "2020 U.S. House Democratic Primary 1st Congressional District". PD43+. Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved February 29, 2020.
  51. ↑ "2022 U.S. House Democratic Primary 1st Congressional District". PD43+. Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved November 10, 2022.
  52. ↑ "2024 U.S. House Democratic Primary 1st Congressional District". PD43+. Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Retrieved September 18, 2024.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.