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Psychology is the study of mind and behavior. Its subject matter includes the behavior of humans and nonhumans,both conscious and unconscious phenomena,and mental processes such as thoughts,feelings,and motives. Psychology is an academic discipline of immense scope,crossing the boundaries between the natural and social sciences. Biological psychologists seek an understanding of the emergent properties of brains,linking the discipline to neuroscience. As social scientists,psychologists aim to understand the behavior of individuals and groups.
Applied psychology is the use of psychological methods and findings of scientific psychology to solve practical problems of human and animal behavior and experience. Educational and organizational psychology,business management,law,health,product design,ergonomics,behavioural psychology,psychology of motivation,psychoanalysis,neuropsychology,psychiatry and mental health are just a few of the areas that have been influenced by the application of psychological principles and scientific findings. Some of the areas of applied psychology include counseling psychology,industrial and organizational psychology,engineering psychology,occupational health psychology,legal psychology,school psychology,sports psychology,community psychology,neuropsychology,medical psychology and clinical psychology,evolutionary psychology,human factors,forensic psychology and traffic psychology. In addition,a number of specialized areas in the general area of psychology have applied branches. However,the lines between sub-branch specializations and major applied psychology categories are often mixed or in some cases blurred. For example,a human factors psychologist might use a cognitive psychology theory. This could be described as human factor psychology or as applied cognitive psychology. When applied psychology is used in the treatment of behavioral disorders there are many experimental approaches to try and treat an individual. This type of psychology can be found in many of the subbranches in other fields of psychology.
Clinical psychology is an integration of human science,behavioral science,theory,and clinical knowledge for the purpose of understanding,preventing,and relieving psychologically-based distress or dysfunction and to promote subjective well-being and personal development. Central to its practice are psychological assessment,clinical formulation,and psychotherapy,although clinical psychologists also engage in research,teaching,consultation,forensic testimony,and program development and administration. In many countries,clinical psychology is a regulated mental health profession.
Counseling psychology is a psychological specialty that began with a focus on vocational counseling,but later moved its emphasis to adjustment counseling,and then expanded to cover all normal psychology psychotherapy. There are many subcategories for counseling psychology,such as marriage and family counseling,rehabilitation counseling,clinical mental health counseling,educational counseling,etc. In each setting,they are all required to follow the same guidelines.
Lisa A. Goodman is an American counseling psychologist known for her research on domestic violence and violence against women. She is Professor of Counseling Psychology at the Lynch School of Education at Boston College. Goodman is a Fellow of the American Psychological Association,Division of Counseling Psychology.
Jo-Ida C. Hansen is a counseling psychologist known for her research on career and work planning and measurement of vocational interests. She is Professor Emerita of Psychology at the University of Minnesota. She is a Fellow of the American Psychological Association,the American Psychological Society,the American Counseling Association,and the American Association of Applied and Preventive Psychology
Rehabilitation psychology is a specialty area of psychology aimed at maximizing the independence,functional status,health,and social participation of individuals with disabilities and chronic health conditions. Assessment and treatment may include the following areas:psychosocial,cognitive,behavioral,and functional status,self-esteem,coping skills,and quality of life. As the conditions experienced by patients vary widely,rehabilitation psychologists offer individualized treatment approaches. The discipline takes a holistic approach,considering individuals within their broader social context and assessing environmental and demographic factors that may facilitate or impede functioning. This approach,integrating both personal and environmental factors,is consistent with the World Health Organization's (WHO) International Classification of Functioning,Disability and Health (ICF).
Cynthia D. Belar is a scientist known for her contributions to clinical psychology with specific focus on health psychology,clinical service,and education. She is a Professor Emerita at the University of Florida Health Science Center.
Silvia Sara Canetto is a psychologist known for her research in diversity issues related to suicidal behaviors,aging,and end of life. She is a professor of applied social health psychology,and counseling psychology at Colorado State University (CSU).
Oliva Maria Espín is a Cuban American counseling psychologist known for her pioneering intellectual contributions to feminist therapy,immigration,and women's studies,and her advocacy on behalf of refugee women to help them to gain access to mental health services. Her interdisciplinary scholarly work brings together perspectives from sociology,politics,and religion to further understanding of issues and barriers related to gender,sexuality,language,and race. She is in the vanguard of transnational psychology,that applies transnational feminist lenses to the field of psychology to study,understand,and address the impact of colonization,imperialism,and globalization. She is the first Latina Professor Emerita of Women’s Studies at San Diego State University.
Rosemary Elaine Phelps is an American counseling psychologist whose work has focused on racial identity and the race-related stress experienced by racially diverse students and faculty in higher education. She is known for her advocacy and mentoring of students and faculty of color and her commitment to training counseling psychologists to be culturally responsive and competent. Phelps is Professor and Coordinator of Undergraduate Service Courses in the Department of Human Counseling and Services at the University of Georgia.
Rachel L. Navarro is a licensed counseling psychologist known for her work in the field of multicultural vocational psychology,focusing on the experience and career goals of Latinas in STEM fields. She is Professor of Counseling Psychology,Education,and Health and Behavior and Associate Dean for Research and Faculty Development at the University of North Dakota.
Camille B. Wortman is a clinical health psychologist and expert on grief and coping in response to traumatic events and loss. She is an Emeritus Professor of Psychology at Stony Brook University.
Judith Peschya Worell is a licensed clinical psychologist whose work has focused on developing a feminist model for counseling and psychotherapy. She is Professor Emeritus of Psychology at the University of Kentucky.
Martha Tamara Shuch Mednick was a feminist psychologist known for her work on women,gender,race and social class. She was a professor of psychology at Howard University from 1968 until her retirement in 1995.
Roxane Cohen Silver is a social,health psychologist known for her work on personal,national,and international traumas and how people cope with these traumas. She holds the position of Vice Provost for Academic Planning &Institutional Research and Distinguished Professor of Psychological Science,Public Health,and Medicine at the University of California,Irvine.
Frances Mitchell Culbertson was a child clinical psychologist known for her work promoting international psychology and its emphasis on global and cross-national perspectives. At the time of her death,she was Professor Emerita of Psychology at the University of Wisconsin—Whitewater.
Nadya A. Fouad is an American vocational psychologist. She is the Editor-in-Chief of Journal of Vocational Behavior and distinguished professor and chair of the Department of Educational Psychology at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee.
Jessica Henderson Daniel is a psychologist and educator,known for her work on mental health in the Black community,racial trauma,and the effects of stress and violence on Black children and adolescents. Daniel was the first African American woman to lead the American Psychological Association (APA),serving her term as President of the organization in 2018.
Thema S. Bryant,also known as Thema Bryant-Davis,is an American psychologist who is a professor of psychology at the Pepperdine University,where she directs the Culture and Trauma Research Laboratory. Her research considers interpersonal trauma and societal trauma of oppression. She was elected as the 2023 President of the American Psychological Association.
References
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- ↑ Kagan, Norman; Armsworth, Mary W.; Altmaier, Elizabeth M.; Dowd, E. Thomas; Hansen, Jo-Ida C.; Mills, David H.; Schlossberg, Nancy; Sprinthall, Norman A.; Tanney, Mary Faith; Vasquez, Melba J.T. (1988). "Professional Practice of Counseling Psychology in Various Settings". The Counseling Psychologist. 16 (3): 347–365. doi:10.1177/0011000088163004. ISSN 0011-0000. S2CID 145476068.
- ↑ Altmaier, Elizabeth M.; Russell, Daniel W.; Kao, Chuan Feng; Lehmann, Thomas R.; Weinstein, James (1993). "Role of self-efficacy in rehabilitation outcome among chronic low back pain patients". Journal of Counseling Psychology. 40 (3): 335–339. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.40.3.335. ISSN 0022-0167.
- ↑ Tallman, Benjamin; Shaw, Kari; Schultz, Jessica; Altmaier, Elizabeth (2010). "Well-being and posttraumatic growth in unrelated donor marrow transplant survivors: A nine-year longitudinal study". Rehabilitation Psychology. 55 (2): 204–210. doi:10.1037/a0019541. ISSN 1939-1544. PMID 20496975.
- ↑ Tallman, Benjamin A.; Altmaier, Elizabeth; Garcia, Carla (2007). "Finding benefit from cancer". Journal of Counseling Psychology. 54 (4): 481–487. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.54.4.481. ISSN 1939-2168.
- ↑ Jenks Kettmann, Julie D.; Altmaier, Elizabeth M. (2008). "Social Support and Depression among Bone Marrow Transplant Patients". Journal of Health Psychology. 13 (1): 39–46. doi:10.1177/1359105307084310. ISSN 1359-1053. PMID 18086716. S2CID 22208555.
- ↑ Altmaier, Elizabeth Mitchell; Ross, Warren E.; Moore, Kathleen (1982). "A pilot investigation of the psychologic functioning of patients with anticipatory vomiting". Cancer. 49 (1): 201–204. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(19820101)49:1<201::AID-CNCR2820490139>3.0.CO;2-X . ISSN 1097-0142. PMID 7053817. S2CID 9538774.
- ↑ "Elizabeth M. Altmaier". CBE International. Retrieved 2020-12-10.
- ↑ Altmaier, Elizabeth M. (2017). Push Back the Dark : Companioning Adult Survivors of Childhood Sexual Abuse. Hulst, Mary S. Eugene: Wipf and Stock Publishers. ISBN 978-1-4982-0209-1. OCLC 983736693.
- ↑ "Past Recipients of the Dorothy Booz Black Award – Society of Counseling Psychology, Division 17". www.div17.org. Archived from the original on 2020-11-16. Retrieved 2020-11-23.
- ↑ "Michael J. Brody Award for Faculty Excellence in Service | Office of the Executive Vice President & Provost". provost.uiowa.edu. Archived from the original on 2020-11-26. Retrieved 2020-12-09.