Elizabeth Patton PhD FRSE | |
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Born | Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada |
Nationality | Canadian |
Other names | E.Elizabeth Patton, Liz Patton |
Education | Dalhousie University, University of Toronto, Harvard Medical School, University of Oxford |
Occupation(s) | professor of chemical genetics, Personal Chair of Melanoma Genetics and Drug Discovery |
Employer | MRC Human Genetics Unit |
Awards | Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 2021 |
Elizabeth Patton, Ph.D FRSE is professor of chemical genetics and group leader of Medical Research Council Institute for Genetics and Molecular Medicine (IGMM) Human Genetics Unit in Edinburgh, Personal Chair of Melanoma Genetics and Drug Discovery for a disease which kills 20,000 Europeans a year, and accounts for 80% of all skin cancer deaths. [1] Her research into the genetic models and drug interactions testing, sharing international findings, is mainly using zebrafish in conjunction with the Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre. She holds a number of academic leadership roles in UK, Europe and international scientific bodies. [2]
In 2021, she was made a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. [3]
E. Elizabeth Patton was born in Halifax, Nova Scotia and completed her bachelor of science (honours) degree at King's College Dalhousie University, before undertaking her doctorate at the University of Toronto, with Michael Tyers on how E3 ubiquitin ligases control cell division. [4] She won a Human Frontier Science Programme postdoctoral fellowship (2001-2004) working with Leonard Zon at Harvard Medical School and a Medical Research Council fellowship [5] to the University of Oxford, [3] developing BRAF zebrafish model for melanoma, which is now used globally. She heads her own lab at the MRC Human Genetics Unit in Edinburgh. [6] [2]
Patton is on the Scientific Advisory Committee of the Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine and helps selecting young scientists for the Lister Prize. [7] In 2020, Patton was successfully appointed Editor-in-Chief of the academic journal, Disease Models & Mechanisms with Elaine Mardis as Deputy Editor-in-Chief. [6] On being elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (2021), Professor Patton is serving on the RSE Industry Working Group. [3]
Earlier in her career (2012) she collaborated with colleagues at St. Andrews University on understanding drug mechanisms in the treatment of sleeping sickness and similar diseases. [8] In April 2013, she was made a member of the Young Academy of Scotland. [9]
Now with her own MRC laboratory, the ongoing focus of study is zebrafish genetic / drug interactions and melanocyte and melanoma biology, which aims to translate to human genetics or medical advances. [5] [10] In 2013 she said, "The thrill of discovery is what keeps scientists going, especially when we’re on the road to being able to provide cures and better therapies." [5] Patton was the first President of the international Zebrafish Disease Models Society (2013-2015) [1] and co-leads their Drug Discovery Research Interest Group, [11] as well as holding leadership roles in the European Zebrafish Society and the Society for Melanoma Research, of which she is Secretary. [12] She is on the Medical Review Panel of the Canadian international award organisation, the Gairdner Foundation. [13]
In 2016 she co-edited Zebrafish - Methods and Protocols in the Methods in Molecular Biology textbook series. [14]
From 2017-18, Patton was a supervisor in OPTIMA (4 year programme) an EPSRC and MRC co-funded Centre for Doctoral Training in Optical Medical Imaging for cutting-edge optical technology to address key clinical questions via medical imaging (hosted both at the University of Edinburgh and the University of Strathclyde). [15]
The Melanoma Research Alliance and L'Oreal Paris funded her research, as described to the readers of Stylist magazine in 2018, [16] and she was interviewed by the Melanoma Association about the possibilities for Women in STEM. [17] She was a speaker at the European Society for Dermatological Research in 2019. [18] In 2020 she also spoke about why her work was with animal models. [19] Patton is also one of the UK Pharmacogenetics & Stratified Medicine Network which brings clinical, academic and industry parties together. [20]
In 2021, as well as becoming a FRSE, and her research findings continuing, [21] Patton will serve on the UK Medical Research Council Molecular & Cellular Medicine Board. [22]
She is married to an academic specialist in Greek literature and papyrology, and has a son and daughter. [5]
The zebrafish is a freshwater fish belonging to the minnow family (Cyprinidae) of the order Cypriniformes. Native to India and South Asia, it is a popular aquarium fish, frequently sold under the trade name zebra danio. It is also found in private ponds.
A model organism is a non-human species that is extensively studied to understand particular biological phenomena, with the expectation that discoveries made in the model organism will provide insight into the workings of other organisms. Model organisms are widely used to research human disease when human experimentation would be unfeasible or unethical. This strategy is made possible by the common descent of all living organisms, and the conservation of metabolic and developmental pathways and genetic material over the course of evolution.
Melanocytes are melanin-producing neural crest-derived cells located in the bottom layer of the skin's epidermis, the middle layer of the eye, the inner ear, vaginal epithelium, meninges, bones, and heart. Melanin is a dark pigment primarily responsible for skin color. Once synthesized, melanin is contained in special organelles called melanosomes which can be transported to nearby keratinocytes to induce pigmentation. Thus darker skin tones have more melanosomes present than lighter skin tones. Functionally, melanin serves as protection against UV radiation. Melanocytes also have a role in the immune system.
Indole-3-carbinol (I3C, C9H9NO) is produced by the breakdown of the glucosinolate glucobrassicin, which can be found at relatively high levels in cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower, brussels sprouts, collard greens and kale. It is also available in dietary supplements. Indole-3-carbinol is the subject of on-going biomedical research into its possible anticarcinogenic, antioxidant, and anti-atherogenic effects. Research on indole-3-carbinol has been conducted primarily using laboratory animals and cultured cells. Limited and inconclusive human studies have been reported. A recent review of the biomedical research literature found that "evidence of an inverse association between cruciferous vegetable intake and breast or prostate cancer in humans is limited and inconsistent" and "larger randomized controlled trials are needed" to determine if supplemental indole-3-carbinol has health benefits.
Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor also known as class E basic helix-loop-helix protein 32 or bHLHe32 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MITF gene.
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TRPM1 gene.
Ras-related protein Rab-7a is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAB7A gene.
Melanocyte protein PMEL also known as premelanosome protein (PMEL), silver locus protein homolog (SILV) or Glycoprotein 100 (gp100), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PMEL gene. Its gene product may be referred to as PMEL, silver, ME20, gp100 or Pmel17.
Tyrosinase-related protein 1, also known as TYRP1, is an intermembrane enzyme which in humans is encoded by the TYRP1 gene.
Transcription factor SOX-10 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SOX10 gene.
Veronica van Heyningen is an English geneticist who specialises in the etiology of anophthalmia as an honorary professor at University College London (UCL). She previously served as head of medical genetics at the MRC Human Genetics Unit in Edinburgh and the president of The Genetics Society. In 2014 she became president of the Galton Institute. As of 2019 she chairs the diversity committee of the Royal Society, previously chaired by Uta Frith.
Fiona Watt, is a British scientist who is internationally known for her contributions to the field of stem cell biology. In the 1980s, when the field was in its infancy, she highlighted key characteristics of stem cells and their environment that laid the foundation for much present day research. She is currently Director of the European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO). after previously serving as director of the Centre for Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine at King's College London, and Executive Chair of the Medical Research Council (MRC), the first woman to lead the MRC since its foundation in 1913.
Ocular albinism type 1(OA1) is the most common type of ocular albinism, with a prevalence rate of 1:50,000. It is an inheritable classical Mendelian type X-linked recessive disorder wherein the retinal pigment epithelium lacks pigment while hair and skin appear normal. Since it is usually an X-linked disorder, it occurs mostly in males, while females are carriers unless they are homozygous. About 60 missense and nonsense mutations, insertions, and deletions have been identified in Oa1. Mutations in OA1 have been linked to defective glycosylation and thus improper intracellular transportation.
The melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R), also known as melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor (MSHR), melanin-activating peptide receptor, or melanotropin receptor, is a G protein–coupled receptor that binds to a class of pituitary peptide hormones known as the melanocortins, which include adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and the different forms of melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH). It is coupled to Gαs and upregulates levels of cAMP by activating adenylyl cyclase in cells expressing this receptor. It is normally expressed in skin and melanocytes, and to a lesser degree in periaqueductal gray matter, astrocytes and leukocytes. In skin cancer, MC1R is highly expressed in melanomas but not carcinomas.
Maria Leptin is a German developmental biologist and immunologist, and the current President of the European Research Council. She was the Director of the European Molecular Biology Organization from 2010 to 2021.
Lalita Ramakrishnan is an Indian-born American microbiologist who is known for her contributions to the understanding of the biological mechanism of tuberculosis. As of 2019 she serves as a professor of Immunology and Infectious Diseases at the University of Cambridge, where she is also a Wellcome Trust Principal Research Fellow and a practicing physician. Her research is conducted at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, where she serves as the Head of the Molecular Immunity Unit of the Department of Medicine embedded at the MRC LMB. Working with Stanley Falkow at Stanford, she developed the strategy of using Mycobacterium marinum infection as a model for tuberculosis. Her work has appeared in a number of journals, including Science, Nature, and Cell. In 2018 and 2019 Ramakrishnan coauthored two influential papers in the British Medical Journal (BMJ) arguing that the widely accepted estimates of the prevalence of latent tuberculosis—estimates used as a basis for allocation of research funds—are far too high. She is married to Mark Troll, a physical chemist.
Catherina Gwynne Becker is an Alexander von Humboldt Professor at TU Dresden, and was formerly Professor of Neural Development and Regeneration at the University of Edinburgh.
Renee Elizabeth Sockett is a professor and microbiologist in the School of Life Sciences at the University of Nottingham. She is a world-leading expert on Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus, a species of predatory bacteria.
Pleasantine Mill is a cell biologist and group leader at the MRC Human Genetics Unit at the University of Edinburgh. She won the 2018 British Society for Cell Biology Women in Cell Biology Early Career Medal.
Yanlan Mao is a British biologist who is a professor at University College London. Her research considers cell biology and the molecular mechanism that underpin tissue formation. She was awarded the Royal Microscopical Society Medal for Life Sciences in 2021.