Giacomo Matteotti was an Italian socialist politician. On 30 May 1924, he openly spoke in the Italian Parliament alleging the Fascists committed fraud in the recently held elections, and denounced the violence they used to gain votes. Eleven days later he was kidnapped and killed by Fascists.
Giuseppe Bottai was an Italian journalist, and member of the National Fascist Party of Benito Mussolini.
The Aventine Secession was the withdrawal of the parliament opposition, mainly comprising the Italian Socialist Party, Italian Liberal Party, Italian People's Party and Italian Communist Party, from the Italian Chamber of Deputies in 1924–25, following the murder of the deputy Giacomo Matteotti by fascists on June 10, 1924.
Piero Calamandrei was an Italian author, jurist, soldier, university professor, and politician. Born in Florence, he was one of Italy's leading authorities on the law of civil procedure.
Gianfranco Pasquino is an Italian political scientist. Professor Emeritus of Political Science at the University of Bologna and Senior Adjunct Professor at SAIS-Europe (Bologna). He studied at the University of Turin under Norberto Bobbio and specialized under Giovanni Sartori at the University of Florence. In his professional life, he has been associated with the University of Florence, Harvard University, University of California, Los Angeles and the School of Advanced International Studies in Washington, DC and Fellow of Christchurch and St Antony's at Oxford and Life Fellow of Claire Hall, Cambridge.
Alessandro Barbero is an Italian historian, novelist and essayist.
Arrigo Petacco was an Italian writer, historian and journalist.
The Academia della Farnesina, also known as the Accademia fascista maschile di educazione fisica or Accademia fascista della Farnesina, was a centre for sport and political education in Fascist Italy.
Enzo Giudici was an Italian academic who specialized in French Renaissance literature, particularly Louise Labé and Maurice Scève. Giudici was also a publicist often compared with fascism.
Luca Serianni was an Italian linguist and philologist.
Sansepolcrismo is a term used to refer to the movement led by Benito Mussolini that preceded Fascism. The Sansepolcrismo takes its name from the rally organized by Mussolini at Piazza San Sepolcro in Milan on March 23, 1919, where he proclaimed the principles of Fasci Italiani di Combattimento, and then published them in Il Popolo d'Italia, on June 6, 1919, the newspaper he co-founded in November 1914 after leaving Avanti!
The Sandro Italico Mussolini School of Fascist Mysticism was established in Milan, Italy in 1930 by Niccolò Giani. Its primary goal was to train the future leaders of Italy's National Fascist Party. The school curriculum promoted Fascist mysticism based on the philosophy of Fideism, the belief that faith and reason were incompatible; Fascist mythology was to be accepted as a "metareality". In 1932, Mussolini described Fascism as "a religious concept of life", saying that Fascists formed a "spiritual community".
Fascist mysticism was a current of political and religious thought in Fascist Italy, based on Fideism, a belief that faith existed without reason, and that Fascism should be based on a mythology and spiritual mysticism. A School of Fascist Mysticism was founded in Milan on April 10, 1930 and active until 1943, and its main objective was the training of future Fascist leaders, indoctrinated in the study of various Fascist intellectuals who tried to abandon the purely political to create a spiritual understanding of Fascism. Fascist mysticism in Italy developed through the work of Niccolò Giani with the decisive support of Arnaldo Mussolini.
The Right group, later called Historical Right by historians to distinguish it from the right-wing groups of the 20th century, was an Italian conservative parliamentary group during the second half of the 19th century. After 1876, the Historical Right constituted the Constitutional opposition toward the left governments. It originated in the convergence of the most liberal faction of the moderate right and the moderate wing of the democratic left. The party included men from heterogeneous cultural, class, and ideological backgrounds, ranging from Anglo-Saxon individualist liberalism to Neo-Hegelian liberalism as well as liberal-conservatives, from strict secularists to more religiously-oriented reformists. Few prime ministers after 1852 were party men; instead they accepted support where they could find it, and even the governments of the Historical Right during the 1860s included leftists in some capacity.
Stefano Rodotà was an Italian jurist and politician.
Mauro Canali is a full professor of contemporary history at the University of Camerino in Italy. He is considered to be one of the most important scholars of the events leading to the crisis of the liberal Italian state and the rise of fascism. He has also researched and published extensively on the totalitarian structure of Mussolini's regime, its repressive mechanisms and its system of informants. He studied under Renzo De Felice, and has published in the Journal of Modern Italian Studies, the Italian dailies la Repubblica and Cronache di Liberal.
Marco Tarchi is an Italian political scientist. He is currently full professor of Political Science, Political Theory and Political Communication at the Cesare Alfieri School of Political Sciences of the University of Florence. His research is focused primarily on populism, democracy, political organization, and extreme right.
Nino Valeri was an Italian historian.
Federico Rampini is an Italian journalist, writer, and lecturer who holds both Italian and American citizenship. He served as deputy editor of Il Sole 24 Ore, and has worked as chief foreign correspondent for La Repubblica since 1997. He has been residing in the United States since 2000. He is the 2019 recipient of the Ernest Hemingway Prize.
Salvatore Lupo is an Italian historian and author from Siena, specializing in the Sicilian Mafia.
