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Chalicotheriidae is an extinct family of herbivorous,odd-toed ungulate (perissodactyl) mammals that lived in North America,Eurasia,and Africa from the Middle Eocene to the Early Pleistocene. They are often called chalicotheres,a term which is also applied to the broader grouping of Chalicotherioidea. They are noted for their unusual morphology compared to other ungulates,such as their clawed forelimbs. Members of the subfamily Chalicotheriinae developed elongate gorilla-like forelimbs that are thought to have been used to grasp vegetation. They are thought to have been browsers on foliage as well as possibly bark and fruit.
Charles Whitney Gilmore was an American paleontologist who gained renown in the early 20th century for his work on vertebrate fossils during his career at the United States National Museum. Gilmore named many dinosaurs in North America and Mongolia,including the Cretaceous sauropod Alamosaurus,Alectrosaurus,Archaeornithomimus,Bactrosaurus,Brachyceratops,Chirostenotes,Mongolosaurus,Parrosaurus,Pinacosaurus,Styracosaurus ovatus and Thescelosaurus.
Charles Lewis Camp was an American palaeontologist and zoologist,working from the University of California,Berkeley. He took part in excavations at the 'Placerias Quarry',in 1930 and the forty Shonisaurus skeleton discoveries of the 1960s,in what is now the Berlin-Ichthyosaur State Park. Camp served as the third director of the University of California Museum of Paleontology from 1930 to 1949,and coincidentally as chair of the UC Berkeley Paleontology Department between 1939 and 1949. Camp named a number of species of marine reptiles such as Shonisaurus and Plotosaurus,as well as the dinosaur Segisaurus.
The University of California Museum of Paleontology (UCMP) is a paleontology museum located on the campus of the University of California,Berkeley.
The Paleontological Research Institution,or PRI,is a paleontological organization in Ithaca,New York,with a mission including both research and education. PRI is affiliated with Cornell University,houses one of the largest fossil collections in North America,and publishes,among other things,the oldest journal of paleontology in the western hemisphere,Bulletins of American Paleontology.
Melbourne Bone Bed is a paleontological site located at Crane Creek in Melbourne,in the U.S. state of Florida. This site contains fossils from the Late Pleistocene period 20,000 to 10,000 years before the present. The fossils include extinct animals such as varieties of camels,dire wolves,Florida cave bears,giant armadillos,giant beavers,giant bison,giant ground sloths,mammoths,mastodons,saber-toothed cats,and tapirs.
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils,tracks (ichnites),burrows,cast-off parts,fossilised feces (coprolites),palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia,paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1997.
Tremarctos floridanus is an extinct species of bear in the family Ursidae,subfamily Tremarctinae. T. floridanus became extinct at the end of the last ice age,11,000 years ago. It's fossils have been found throughout the Southeastern United States,in northeastern Mexico,and in Belize from the Rancholabrean epoch,and from earlier epochs at some sites in western North America.
Paleontology in Georgia refers to paleontological research occurring within or conducted by people from the U.S. state of Georgia. During the early part of the Paleozoic,Georgia was largely covered by seawater. Although no major Paleozoic discoveries have been uncovered in Georgia,the local fossil record documents a great diversity of ancient life in the state. Inhabitants of Georgia's early Paleozoic sea included corals,stromatolites,and trilobites. During the Carboniferous local sea levels dropped and a vast complex of richly vegetated delta formed in the state. These swampy deltas were home to early tetrapods which left behind footprints that would later fossilize. Little is known of Triassic Georgia and the Jurassic is absent altogether from the state's rock record. During the Cretaceous,however,southern Georgia was covered by a sea that was home to invertebrates and fishes. On land,the tree Araucaria grew,and dinosaurs inhabited the state. Southern Georgia remained submerged by shallow seawater into the ensuing Paleogene and Neogene periods of the Cenozoic era. These seas were home to small coral reefs and a variety of other marine invertebrates. By the Pleistocene the state was mostly dry land covered in forests and grasslands home to mammoths and giant ground sloths. Local coal mining activity has a history of serendipitous Carboniferous-aged fossil discoveries. Another major event in Georgian paleontology was a 1963 discovery of Pleistocene fossils in Bartow County. Shark teeth are the Georgia state fossil.
Paleontology in Florida refers to paleontological research occurring within or conducted by people from the U.S. state of Florida. Florida has a very rich fossil record spanning from the Eocene to recent times. Florida fossils are often very well preserved.
Paleontology in Alabama refers to paleontological research occurring within or conducted by people from the U.S. state of Alabama. Pennsylvanian plant fossils are common,especially around coal mines. During the early Paleozoic,Alabama was at least partially covered by a sea that would end up being home to creatures including brachiopods,bryozoans,corals,and graptolites. During the Devonian the local seas deepened and local wildlife became scarce due to their decreasing oxygen levels.
Paleontology in Missouri refers to paleontological research occurring within or conducted by people from the U.S. state of Missouri. The geologic column of Missouri spans all of geologic history from the Precambrian to present with the exception of the Permian,Triassic,and Jurassic. Brachiopods are probably the most common fossils in Missouri.
Paleontology in North Dakota refers to paleontological research occurring within or conducted by people from the U.S. state of North Dakota. During the early Paleozoic era most of North Dakota was covered by a sea home to brachiopods,corals,and fishes. The sea briefly left during the Silurian,but soon returned,until once more starting to withdraw during the Permian. By the Triassic some areas of the state were still under shallow seawater,but others were dry and hot. During the Jurassic subtropical forests covered the state. North Dakota was always at least partially under seawater during the Cretaceous. On land Sequoia grew. Later in the Cenozoic the local seas dried up and were replaced by subtropical swamps. Climate gradually cooled until the Ice Age,when glaciers entered the area and mammoths and mastodons roamed the local woodlands.
Paleontology in Texas refers to paleontological research occurring within or conducted by people from the U.S. state of Texas. Author Marian Murray has said that "Texas is as big for fossils as it is for everything else." Some of the most important fossil finds in United States history have come from Texas. Fossils can be found throughout most of the state. The fossil record of Texas spans almost the entire geologic column from Precambrian to Pleistocene. Shark teeth are probably the state's most common fossil. During the early Paleozoic era Texas was covered by a sea that would later be home to creatures like brachiopods,cephalopods,graptolites,and trilobites. Little is known about the state's Devonian and early Carboniferous life. Evidence indicates that during the late Carboniferous the state was home to marine life,land plants and early reptiles. During the Permian,the seas largely shrank away,but nevertheless coral reefs formed in the state. The rest of Texas was a coastal plain inhabited by early relatives of mammals like Dimetrodon and Edaphosaurus. During the Triassic,a great river system formed in the state that was inhabited by crocodile-like phytosaurs. Little is known about Jurassic Texas,but there are fossil aquatic invertebrates of this age like ammonites in the state. During the Early Cretaceous local large sauropods and theropods left a great abundance of footprints. Later in the Cretaceous,the state was covered by the Western Interior Seaway and home to creatures like mosasaurs,plesiosaurs,and few icthyosaurs. Early Cenozoic Texas still contained areas covered in seawater where invertebrates and sharks lived. On land the state would come to be home to creatures like glyptodonts,mammoths,mastodons,saber-toothed cats,giant ground sloths,titanotheres,uintatheres,and dire wolves. Archaeological evidence suggests that local Native Americans knew about local fossils. Formally trained scientists were already investigating the state's fossils by the late 1800s. In 1938,a major dinosaur footprint find occurred near Glen Rose. Pleurocoelus was the Texas state dinosaur from 1997 to 2009,when it was replaced by Paluxysaurus jonesi after the Texan fossils once referred to the former species were reclassified to a new genus.
Paleontology in Colorado refers to paleontological research occurring within or conducted by people from the U.S. state of Colorado. The geologic column of Colorado spans about one third of Earth's history. Fossils can be found almost everywhere in the state but are not evenly distributed among all the ages of the state's rocks. During the early Paleozoic,Colorado was covered by a warm shallow sea that would come to be home to creatures like brachiopods,conodonts,ostracoderms,sharks and trilobites. This sea withdrew from the state between the Silurian and early Devonian leaving a gap in the local rock record. It returned during the Carboniferous. Areas of the state not submerged were richly vegetated and inhabited by amphibians that left behind footprints that would later fossilize. During the Permian,the sea withdrew and alluvial fans and sand dunes spread across the state. Many trace fossils are known from these deposits.
Paleontology in Idaho refers to paleontological research occurring within or conducted by people from the U.S. state of Idaho. The fossil record of Idaho spans much of the geologic column from the Precambrian onward. During the Precambrian,bacteria formed stromatolites while worms left behind trace fossils. The state was mostly covered by a shallow sea during the majority of the Paleozoic era. This sea became home to creatures like brachiopods,corals and trilobites. Idaho continued to be a largely marine environment through the Triassic and Jurassic periods of the Mesozoic era,when brachiopods,bryozoans,corals,ichthyosaurs and sharks inhabited the local waters. The eastern part of the state was dry land during the ensuing Cretaceous period when dinosaurs roamed the area and trees grew which would later form petrified wood.
Johanna Gabrielle Ottilie "Tilly" Edinger was a German-American paleontologist and the founder of paleoneurology.
Hildegarde Howard was an American pioneer in paleornithology. She was mentored by the famous ornithologist,Joseph Grinnell,at the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology (MVZ) and in avian paleontology. She was well known for her discoveries in the La Brea Tar Pits,among them the Rancho La Brea eagles. She discovered and described Pleistocene flightless waterfowl at the prehistoric Ballona wetlands of coastal Los Angeles County at Playa del Rey. In 1953,Howard became the third woman to be awarded the Brewster Medal. She was the first woman president of the Southern California Academy of Sciences. Hildegarde wrote 150 papers throughout her career.
Anna Katherine "Kay" Behrensmeyer is an American taphonomist and paleoecologist. She is a pioneer in the study of the fossil records of terrestrial ecosystems and engages in geological and paleontological field research into the ecological context of human evolution in East Africa. She is Curator of Vertebrate Paleontology in the Department of Paleobiology at the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of Natural History (NMNH). At the museum,she is co-director of the Evolution of Terrestrial Ecosystems program and an associate of the Human Origins Program.
Loye Holmes Miller,was an American paleontologist and zoologist who served as professor of zoology at the University of California,Los Angeles,University of California,Berkeley,and University of California,Davis.
References
- 1 2 "The Society of Vertebrate Paleontology - News Bulletin" (PDF). Rosemonte EIS. 1996. p. 72. Retrieved 2022-10-19.
- ↑ Berta, Annalisa; Turner, Susan (2020-10-27). Rebels, Scholars, Explorers: Women in Vertebrate Paleontology. JHU Press. ISBN 978-1-4214-3971-6.
- 1 2 3 4 5 "Emma Lewis Lipps - North Carolina Botanical Garden". 31 May 2022. Retrieved 2022-10-19.
- 1 2 3 "Emma Lewis Lipps papers". sclfind.libs.uga.edu. Retrieved 2022-10-19.
- ↑ Walker, Doug (11 October 2019). "Historic Marshall Forest could benefit from controlled burn". Northwest Georgia News. Retrieved 2022-10-19.
- ↑ Lamoka (2021-07-13). "A Fossil Passenger Pigeon From Georgia". Lamoka Ledger. Retrieved 2022-10-19.
- ↑ Unknown (December 1967). "Paleobiologists Clayton E. Ray and G. Arthur Cooper". Smithsonian Institution Archives. Retrieved 2022-10-19.
- ↑ "Ga. Fossil Find Is Scientific 'Building Block'" (PDF). The Smithsonian Torch. 6 June 1968. p. 4. Retrieved 2022-10-19.
- ↑ "Tellus in Search of Past Paleontologists". Cartersville, GA Patch. 2011-11-02. Retrieved 2022-10-19.
- ↑ "Shorter University - Academic Catalog" (PDF). 2019. p. https://www.shorter.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018-2019-Catalog-PDF.pdf . Retrieved 2022-10-19.