Career
England first appeared in Lloyd's Register (LR) in 1813 with E. Reay, master, T.Ward, owner, and trade London transport. [4] Later she sailed to Jamaica.
In 1813 the EIC had lost its monopoly on the trade between India and Britain. British ships were then free to sail to India or the Indian Ocean under a license from the EIC.
On 16 December 1818 Captain Reay sailed England for Bombay. [3] On 3 June 1820 England, Reay, master, was in the Downs when she and Mary, Draper, master, ran into each other. England was returning from Bengal and Mary was sailing for Sierra Leone. Both vessels put into Ramsgate for refitting. [6]
On 18 February 1824, as England, Reay, master, was sailing from Bombay for England, she encountered a hurricane that cost her her rudder. She put into the Cape of Good Hope on 1 April to effect repairs. [7]
Under the command of Captain John Reay and surgeon George Thomson, she left the Downs, England, on 6 May 1826, and arrived in Sydney on 18 September. She embarked 148 male convicts and had no convict deaths en route. A detachment of the 39th (Dorsetshire) Regiment of Foot provided the guard.
England departed Port Jackson 21 October bound for Canton. She arrived at Whampoa Anchorage on 31 December, and left on 8 February 1827. Her voyage ended on 25 June. [2]
On her second convict voyage she sailed under the command of Captain James Blyth and surgeon Thomas Wilson. She left Sheerness, on 4 April 1832 and arrived in Hobart Town on 18 July. She embarked 200 male convicts and had two deaths en route.
On her third convict voyage, Captain Dalrymple Dowson and surgeon Jn. Love sailed from Cork on 12 June 1835. England arrived at Sydney on 28 September. She had embarked 230 convicts and suffered no losses on the voyage.
Fate
Lloyd's Register for 1842 shows England with Lewis, master, T. Ward, owner, and trade London, changing to London–Sierra Leone. The entry also has the notation "Foundered".
She foundered on 15 January 1843 off Ostend on passage from London for Sierra Leone. She had left London 7 January for Africa. After leaving The Downs, she encountered a hurricane that caused her ballast to shift, which put her on her beam ends. She foundered in the North Sea 3 leagues (9 nautical miles (17 km)) off Ostend, West Flanders, Belgium. A Dutch pilot boat rescued her 21 crew. [14]
Minstrel was launched at Hull in 1811. She transported convicts to Australia in 1812 and again in 1825. Between these voyages she traded east of the Cape of Good Hope under a license from the British East India Company (EIC). In 1829 she brought immigrants from England to the Swan River Colony. She then traded widely, including across the Atlantic. Minstrel foundered in March 1851.
Asia was a merchant barque built at Whitby in 1813. She made one voyage to India for the British East India Company (EIC) in 1820-21, and one voyage to Van Diemen's Land in 1827-28. Asia then traded to the Mediterranean, but mostly to Quebec. She was last listed in 1850.
Norfolk was built at Littlehampton, England in 1814. She was originally a West Indiaman, and then sailed to India and Quebec. She made four voyages transporting convicts from England to Australia, one voyage from Ireland to Australia and one from Madras and Mauritius to Australia. She was wrecked on 7 July 1837.
Royal George was a 486-ton merchant ship built at Hull, England in 1820. Between 1823-4, she undertook one voyage for the British East India Company. Later, she made two voyages transporting convicts from England to Australia.
Recovery was a merchant ship built at Batavia in 1799 and taken in prize c.1811. She made two voyages transporting convicts from England to Australia and one voyage from Ireland to Australia. She also made two voyages for the British East India Company (EIC). She was last listed in 1847.
Clyde was a merchant ship built at Greenock, Scotland in 1820. She made two voyages for the British East India Company (EIC). She then made three voyages transporting convicts from England and Ireland to Australia. She was last listed in 1845.
City of Edinburgh was a merchant ship built at Bengal in 1813. She transferred to British registry and sailed between Britain and India. She made two voyages transporting convicts from Ireland to Australia. Later, she made a whaling voyage to New Zealand. She was wrecked in 1840.
Castle Forbes was a merchant ship built by Robert Gibbon & Sons at Aberdeen, Scotland in 1818. She made several voyages to India, sailing under a license from the British East India Company (EIC). She made two voyages transporting convicts from Ireland to Australia. She sustained damage in 1826 on a voyage to India and was condemned at the Cape of Good Hope. However, she was repaired. She was last listed in 1832, and in 1838 in Lloyd's Register (LR).
Phoenix was a merchant vessel launched in 1810 The British East India Company (EIC) chartered her to make one voyage to Madras and Bengal between 1820 and 1821. She then made one voyage transporting convicts to Tasmania in 1822, and two to New South Wales, one in 1826 and one in 1828. She was wrecked in 1829.
Eliza was a merchant ship built in British India, probably in 1804. Between 1819 and 1831 she made five voyages transporting convicts from England and Ireland to Australia. In between, she also made one voyage for the British East India Company (EIC). Her crew abandoned her at sea in 1836 as she was leaking uncontrollably.
Woodford was launched at Bristol in 1819. She made one voyage as an "extra ship" for the British East India Company (EIC). She also made two voyages transporting convicts from England to Van Diemen's Land. She sank in February 1829 off Madagascar.
Larkins made ten voyages for the British East India Company (EIC), all as an "extra ship", i.e. under contract. On two of these voyages she first transported convicts to Australia. She also made one convict voyage independently of the EIC. She traded extensively between England and India or China, and in this twice suffered serious but not fatal maritime mishaps. In 1853 she became a coal hulk at Albany, Western Australia, and remained there until she was broken up in 1876.
Bheemoolah was launched in 1808 at Calcutta as a "country ship", that is a vessel based in India that traded in the region and with China. She made two voyages to England for the British East India Company (EIC), one before her name changed to Woodbridge in 1812, and one after. She spent most of her career trading with the East Indies. The US Navy captured her in 1814 but the British Royal Navy recaptured her within hours. She also made two voyages transporting convicts, one voyage to New South Wales (1839-1840) and one to Van Diemen's Land (1843). She is last listed in 1855.
Morley was a merchantman launched in 1811 at Deptford as a West Indiaman. In 1813 she was under contract to the Transport Board when she captured an American vessel, which capture gave rise to an interesting court case. In early 1815 an American letter of marque captured, plundered, and released her. She then made six voyages to Australia transporting convicts. On her fifth voyage she introduced whooping-cough to Australia. After her sixth voyage she sailed to China and then brought a cargo back to England for the British East India Company (EIC). She continued to sail to Australia and elsewhere and is last listed in 1855.
Borodino was almost surely launched as Caesar (1810 ship). Borodino first appeared in Lloyd's Register (LR) in 1826, but with launch year 1810, and launch location "River", i.e., the Thames. In 1828 she transported convicts to New South Wales from Cork. She was last listed in 1833.
Lord Wellington was launched in 1810 at Rochester, or equally, Chatham, as a West Indiaman. She made at least one voyage to India under a license from the British East India Company (EIC). She then made a voyage to New South Wales transporting female convicts from England and Ireland. She was lost in December 1822 off Denmark while sailing from Saint Petersburg to London.
Majestic was launched at Aberdeen in 1829. She made several voyages from England to India, and one voyage transporting female convicts to Van Diemen's Land.
Enchantress was launched in 1828 at Bristol as a West Indiaman. She then traded with India as an East Indiaman, sailing under a license issued by the British East India Company (EIC). She next transported convicts to Van Diemen's Land. She was wrecked in February 1837 at Bermuda.
Medina was launched in 1811 and quickly became a West Indiaman. Ten years later she started sailing to the East Indies under a license from the British East India Company (EIC). She made two voyages transporting convicts to Australia, first to Sydney and then to Hobart. She also brought immigrants to the Swan River Colony. On that voyage she sustained damage that caused her to be condemned in July 1831.
Princess Charlotte was launched in Sunderland in 1813. She immediately started trading with the Indian Ocean and India under a license from the British East India Company (EIC). She made one voyage for the EIC, and she made two voyages transporting convicts to Australia, one to Hobart Town, Van Diemen's Land, and one to Port Jackson, New South Wales. She foundered in 1828 in the Bay of Bengal.
