Related Research Articles
Helos, also Hele (Ἕλη), was a town of ancient Laconia, situated east of the mouth of the Eurotas, close to the sea, in a plain which, though marshy near the coast, is described by Polybius as the most fertile part of Laconia. In the earliest times it appears to have been the chief town on the coast, as Amyclae was in the interior; for these two places are mentioned together by Homer in the Catalogue of Ships in the Iliad. Helos is said to have been founded by Heleius, the youngest son of Perseus. On its conquest by the Dorians its inhabitants were reduced to slavery; and, according to a common opinion in antiquity, their name became the general designation of the Spartan bondsmen, helots, but the name of these slaves (εἵλωτες) probably signified captives, and was derived from the root of ἑλεῖν. In the time of Strabo Helos was only a village; and when it was visited by Pausanias, it was in ruins. Helos is also mentioned by Thucydides, Xenophon, and Stephanus of Byzantium.
Amphigeneia was a city in ancient Greece, which is mentioned by Homer in the Catalogue of Ships in the Iliad. It was located in either Messenia or in Triphylia, in ancient Elis. According to Strabo it was situated at the river Hypsoeis, in a region called Macistia, and there was a sanctuary of Leto in the city. According to Homer, it belonged to Nestor of Pylos. Pausanias visited the area but does not mention the city, which might indicate that it had been abandoned before the 2nd century. The ancient Eleians believed that Apollo was born here.
Pylus or Pylos was a town in hollow Elis, described by Pausanias as situated upon the mountain road leading from Elis to Olympia, and at the place where the Ladon flows into the Pineus. Strabo, in a corrupt passage, assigns to it the same situation, and places it in the neighbourhood of Scollium or Mount Scollis. Pausanias says that it was 80 stadia from the city of Elis. Diodorus gives 70 stadia as the distance, and Pliny the Elder 12 Roman miles.
Rhipe was a city in ancient Arcadia. It was mentioned by Homer in the Catalogue of Ships of the Iliad as one of the Arcadian cities that participated in the Trojan War, led by general Agapenor. Even in antiquity its location was unknown. The ancient belief that it was situated on an island in the river Ladon was dismissed by Pausanias.
Stratia or Stratie was a city in ancient Arcadia. It was mentioned by Homer in the Catalogue of Ships of the Iliad as one of the Arcadian cities that participated in the Trojan War, led by general Agapenor. Even in antiquity its location was unknown. The ancient belief that it was situated on an island in the river Ladon was dismissed by Pausanias.
Gonoessa, also known as Gonussa or Gonoussa (Γονοῦσσα), was a city in ancient Achaea, Greece. The location of the city has not been found, but it is assumed to lie in the northwesternmost part of present Corinthia.
Aegae or Aigai, also known as Aega or Aiga (Αἰγά), was a town and polis (city-state) of ancient Achaea, and one of the 12 Achaean cities. It was situated upon the river Crathis and upon the coast, between Aegeira and Bura.
Orneae or Orneai was a town in ancient Argolis, mentioned by Homer in the Catalogue of Ships in the Iliad, which is said to have derived its name from Orneus, the son of Erechtheus. Orneae retained its ancient Cynurian inhabitants, when Argos was conquered by the Dorians. According to Pausanias, it continued independent of Argos for a long time; but it was finally conquered by the Argives, who removed the Orneatae to their own city. Thucydides mentions the Orneatae and Cleonaei as allies (σύμμαχοι) of the Argives in 418 BCE; and the same historian relates that Orneae was destroyed by the Argives in 416 BCE. It might therefore be inferred that the destruction of Orneae by the Argives in 416 BCE is the event referred to by Pausanias. But Herodotus states that Orneae had been conquered by Argos long before; that its inhabitants were reduced to the condition of Perioeci; and that all the Perioeci in the Argeia were called Orneatae from this place. But the Orneatae mentioned by Thucydides could not have been Perioeci, since they are called allies. "The Cynurians," says Herodotus, "have become Doricized by the Argives and by time, being Orneatae and Perioeci." These words would seem clearly to mean that, while the other Cynurians became Perioeci, the Orneatae continued independent, an interpretation which is in accordance with the account of Thucydides.
Cardamyle or Kardamyle was a town of ancient Messenia. It is mentioned by Homer in the Iliad as one of the seven places offered by Agamemnon to Achilles. It was situated on a strong rocky height at the distance of seven stadia from the sea, and sixty from Leuctra. It is called a Laconian town by Herodotus, since the whole of Messenia was included in the territories of Laconia at the time of the historian. It again became a town of Messenia on the restoration of the independence of the latter; but it was finally separated from Messenia by Augustus, and annexed to Laconia. Pausanias mentions at Cardamyle sanctuaries of Athena and of Apollo Carneius; and in the neighbourhood of the town a temenos of the Nereids.
Mases was a city in the district Hermionis, on the Argolic peninsula, in ancient Argolis. It is mentioned by Homer as part of Diomedes's kingdom in the Catalogue of Ships in the Iliad, along with Aegina. In the time of Pausanias, it was used as a harbour by Hermione.
Gerenia, or Gerena, or Gerenus or Gerenos (Γέρηνος), was a town of ancient Messenia, where, according to Greek mythology, Nestor was said to have been brought up after the destruction of Pylos, and whence he derived the surname Gerenian, which occurs so frequently in the Iliad of Homer. There is, however, no town of this name mentioned in Homer, and many of the ancient critics identified the later Gerenia with the Homeric Enope.
Pharae was an ancient town of Messenia, situated upon a hill rising from the left bank of the river Nedon, and at a distance of a mile (1.5 km) from the Messenian Gulf. Strabo describes it as situated 5 stadia from the sea, and Pausanias 6. William Smith states that it is probable that the earth deposited at the mouth of the river Nedon has, in the course of centuries, encroached upon the sea. Pausanias distinguishes this city from the Achaean city of Pharae (Φαραὶ), 150 stadia from Patrae and 70 stadia from the coast. Pherae occupied the site of Kalamata, the modern capital of Messenia; and in antiquity also it seems to have been the chief town in the southern Messenian plain.
Oechalia or Oichalia was a town in ancient Thessaly, on the Peneius, between Pelinna to the east and Tricca to the west, not far from Ithome.
Parapotamii or Parapotamioi or Parapotamia (Παραποταμία), both meaning near the river, was a town of ancient Phocis on the left bank of the Cephissus, and near the frontier of Boeotia. Its position is described in a passage of Theopompus, preserved by Strabo, who says that it stood at a distance of 40 stadia from Chaeroneia, in the entrance from Boeotia into Phocis, on a height of moderate elevation, situated between Parnassus and Mount Hedylium; he adds that these two mountains were separated from each other by an interval of 5 stadia, through which the Cephissus flowed. The Cephissus flowed into the territory of Parapotamii after leaving that of Elateia and before that of Panopeus; Parapotamii's territory was adjacent to those of Ambrysus, Panopeus, and Daulis.
Cyparissus or Kyparissos was a town of ancient Phocis, in the vicinity of Delphi. It is mentioned in the Homeric Catalogue of Ships in the Iliad along with Pytho (Delphi). It is described by Dicaearchus as situated in the interior of Phocis. It is placed by Strabo below Lycoreia, which was situated on one of the heights of Parnassus. Pausanias erroneously reports that Cyparissus was the ancient name of the place afterwards called Anticyra. Cyparissus is also mentioned by Statius and Stephanus of Byzantium.
Harma was a town of ancient Boeotia, mentioned by Homer in the Catalogue of Ships in the Iliad, which is said to have been so called, either because the chariot of Adrastus broke down here, or because the chariot of Amphiaraus disappeared in the earth at this place. Strabo describes it as a deserted village in the territory of Tanagra near Mycalessus; and Pausanias speaks of the ruins of Harma and Mycalessus as situated on the road from Thebes to Chalcis. Claudius Aelianus speaks of a lake called Harma.
Mycalessus or Mykalessos was a town of ancient Boeotia, mentioned by Homer in the Catalogue of Ships in the Iliad. It was said to have been so called, because the cow, which was guiding Cadmus and his comrades to Thebes, lowed (ἐμυκήσατο) in this place. In 413 BCE, some Thracians, whom the Athenians were sending home to their own country, were landed on the Euripus, and surprised Mycalessus. They not only sacked the town, but put all the inhabitants to the sword, not sparing even the women and children. Thucydides says that this was one of the greatest calamities that had ever befallen any city. Strabo calls Mycalessus a village in the territory of Tanagra, and places it upon the road from Thebes to Chalcis.
Mideia was a city of ancient Boeotia mentioned by Homer in the Catalogue of Ships in the Iliad. Pausanias relates that Mideia occupied the height adjacent to the later town of Lebadeia, and its inhabitants, under the conduct of Lebadus, an Athenian, migrated into the plain, and founded there the city named after him. On the other hand, Strabo maintains that the Homeric cities Arne and Mideia were both swallowed up by Lake Copais.
Styra was a town of ancient Euboea, on the west coast, north of Carystus, and nearly opposite the promontory of Cynosura in Attica. The town stood near the shore in the inner part of the bay, in the middle of which is the island Aegileia, now called Stouronisi. Styra is mentioned by Homer along with Carystus in the Catalogue of Ships in the Iliad. Its inhabitants were originally Dryopians, though they denied this origin, and claimed to be descended from the deme of Steiria in Attica. In the First Persian War (490 BCE) the Persians landed at Aegileia, which belonged to Styra, the prisoners whom they had taken at Eretria. In the Second Persian War (480-479 BCE) the Styrians fought at the battles of Artemisium, Salamis, and Plataeae. They sent two ships to the naval engagements, and at Plataeae they and the Eretrians amounted together to 600 men. They afterwards became the subjects of Athens, and paid a yearly tribute of 1200 drachmae. The Athenian fleet was stationed here in 356 BCE. Strabo relates that the town was destroyed in the "Maliac War" by the Athenian Phaedrus, and its territory given to the Eretrians; but as the Maliac War is not mentioned elsewhere, we ought probably to substitute Lamian War for it.
Messa or Messe was one of the nine cities of ancient Laconia enumerated in the Catalogue of Ships, in the Iliad by Homer, who gives it the epithet of πολυτρήρων, 'abounding in pigeons'. Strabo says that the position of Messa was unknown; but Pausanias mentions a town and harbour named Messa, which is identified by most modern scholars with the Homeric town. This Messa is situated on the western coast of Mani, between Hippola and Oetylus; and the cliffs in the neighbourhood are said to abound in wild pigeons.
References
- ↑ Homer. Iliad . Vol. 2.606.
- ↑
Smith, William, ed. (1854). "Enispe". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography . Vol. 1. London: John Murray. p. 827. - ↑ Pausanias (1918). "25.12". Description of Greece. Vol. 8. Translated by W. H. S. Jones; H. A. Ormerod. Cambridge, Massachusetts; London: Harvard University Press; William Heinemann – via Perseus Digital Library.
- ↑ Richard Talbert, ed. (2000). Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World . Princeton University Press. p. 58, and directory notes accompanying. ISBN 978-0-691-03169-9.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain : Smith, William, ed. (1854–1857). "Enispe". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography . London: John Murray.
| Authority control databases: Geographic |
|---|
 | This article about a location in ancient Arcadia is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |