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In anatomy, the epidural space is the potential space between the dura mater and vertebrae (spine).
The rubrospinal tract is a part of the nervous system. It is a part of the lateral indirect extrapyramidal tract.
The globose nucleus is one of the deep cerebellar nuclei. It is located medial to the emboliform nucleus, and lateral to the fastigial nucleus. The globose nucleus and emboliform nucleus are known collectively as the interposed nuclei.
The interposed nuclei are the globose and emboliform nucleus or either side, collectively. It is located in the roof of the fourth ventricle, lateral to the fastigial nucleus.
The fastigial nucleus is located in each hemisphere of the cerebellum. It is one of the four deep cerebellar nuclei.
The vascular organ of lamina terminalis (VOLT) (also known as organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis(OVLT), or supraoptic crest) Is a ependymal chemosensory organ of the third ventricle situated beneath the lamina terminalis. It overlies the paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus. The VOLT monitors the presence of peptides and macromolecules in the bloodstream, and conveys the information to the hypothalamus.
The nucleus raphe magnus is one of the seven raphe nuclei. It is situated in the pons in the brainstem, just rostral to the nucleus raphe obscurus.
The internal carotid plexus is a nerve plexus situated upon the lateral side of the internal carotid artery. It is composed of post-ganglionic sympathetic fibres which have synapsed at the superior cervical ganglion. The plexus gives rise to the deep petrosal nerve.
The superior cervical ganglion (SCG) is the upper-most and largest of the cervical sympathetic ganglia of the sympathetic trunk. It probably formed by the union of four sympathetic ganglia of the cervical spinal nerves C1–C4. It is the only ganglion of the sympathetic nervous system that innervates the head and neck. The SCG innervates numerous structures of the head and neck.
The mammillothalamic tract is an efferent pathway of the mammillary body which projects to the anterior nuclei of thalamus. It consists of heavily myelinated fibres. It is part of a brain circuit involved in spatial memory.
The middle cerebellar peduncle is a paired structure of the brain. It connects the pons to the cerebellum, with fibres originating from the pontine nucleus and travelling to the opposite hemisphere of the cerebellar cortex. It is supplied by the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) and branches from the basilar artery. It conveys information from the cerebrum and the pons to the cerebellum.
The dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve is a cranial nerve nucleus of the vagus nerve situated in the medulla oblongata of the brainstem ventral to the floor of the fourth ventricle. It contains nerve cell bodies of parasympathetic neurons of CN X that provide parasympathetic innervation to the gastrointestinal tract and lungs as well as other thoracic and abdominal organs. These functions include, among others, bronchoconstriction and gland secretion.
The trigeminal tubercle or tuberculum cinereum is a raised area upon the lateral dorsal/posterior aspect of the medulla oblongata produced by the underlying spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve. It is situated just lateral to the tuberculum cuneatus, between the rootlets of the accessory nerve and posterolateral sulcus.
The vestibulocerebellar fibres or vestibulocerebellar tract are first-order axons from the vestibular ganglion/vestibular nerve as well as second-order axons from the vestibular nuclei. They pass through the restiform body of the inferior cerebellar peduncle to reach the cerebellum, terminating in the vestibulocerebellum and part of the vermis. They are involved in maintaining balance.
The ciliospinal center is a cluster of pre-ganglionic sympathetic neuron cell bodies located in the intermediolateral cell column of the spinal cord at the (C8) T1-T2 spinal levels.
The anterior and posterior radicular arteries are 32 pairs of small/variously sized arteries that enter an intervertebral foramen, bifurcating within it to form an anterior and a posterior radicular artery which accompany the anterior root and posterior root of a spinal nerve, respectively. They supply the corresponding spinal cord segment as well as the anterior and posterior root of the spinal nerve and its sensory ganglion.
The posterior lobe of cerebellum or neocerebellum is the portion of the cerebellum below the primary fissure. The posterior lobe is much larger than anterior lobe. The anterior lobe is separated from the posterior lobe by the primary fissure, and the posterolateral fissure separates flocculonodular lobe from the posterior lobe.
The central tegmental tract is a structure in the midbrain and pons.
The hypothalamospinal tract is a nerve tract that arises mainly from the paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus, and lateral and posterior areas of the hypothalamus. The tract descends through the periaqueductal gray and adjacent reticular formation. It is found in the dorsolateral quadrant of the lateral funiculus, in the lateral tegmentum of the medulla, pons and midbrain.
Radicular veins are segmental veins providing venous drainage of the spinal cord and canal. They communicate with anterior and posterior spinal veins as well as epidural venous plexus. They exit the spinal canal through the intervertebral foramina, accompaning the corresponding of radicular arteries.
References
- ↑ Patestas, Maria A.; Gartner, Leslie P. (2016). A Textbook of Neuroanatomy (2nd ed.). Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley-Blackwell. p. 71. ISBN 978-1-118-67746-9.
- ↑ "Anatomy of the Epidural Space" University of Washington
- ↑ Detlev Uhlenbrock, Dirk Brechtelsbauer "MR imaging of the spine and spinal cord" pg469
- ↑ Patestas, Maria A.; Gartner, Leslie P. (2016). A Textbook of Neuroanatomy (2nd ed.). Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley-Blackwell. p. 71. ISBN 978-1-118-67746-9.
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