Merchant Navy of the United Kingdom |
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These are the equivalent Merchant Navy and Royal Navy ranks officially recognised by the British Government in the Second World War. [1]
Naval Auxiliaries were members of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary and crews of Admiralty cable ships or merchant ships or commissioned rescue tugs requisitioned by the Royal Navy and coming under naval discipline.
RN rank | Deck Department | Engine Room Department | Catering Department |
---|---|---|---|
Commander | Master (over 10,000 tons) | Chief Engineer (over 10,000 tons) | |
Lieutenant-Commander | Master (2,501-10,000 tons or up to 2,500 tons if home trade passenger ship of speed 15 knots or more or cable ship) First Mate (over 10,000 tons) Surgeon (over 10,000 tons) | Chief Engineer (2,501-10,000 tons or up to 2,500 tons if home trade passenger ship of speed 15 knots or more) Certificated Second Engineer (over 10,000 tons) | Purser (Naval Auxiliary; over 10,000 tons or 2,501-10,000 tons if at least two assistant pursers carried) |
Lieutenant | Master (up to 2,500 tons unless home trade passenger ship of speed 15 knots or more or cable ship or home trade cargo ship up to 1,000 tons) First Mate (2,501-10,000 tons or up to 2,500 tons if home trade passenger ship of speed 15 knots or more or cable ship or Naval Auxiliary holding Master's Certificate) Certificated Second Mate (over 10,000 tons or Naval Auxiliary over 30 holding Master's Certificate) Certificated Third Mate (Naval Auxiliary; over 10,000 tons holding Master's Certificate) Surgeon (up to 10,000 tons) | Chief Engineer (up to 2,500 tons unless home trade passenger ship of speed 15 knots or more or home trade cargo ship up to 1,000 tons) Certificated Second Engineer (2,501-10,000 tons or up to 2,500 tons if home trade passenger ship of speed 15 knots or more or cable ship) Certificated Third Engineer (over 10,000 tons) Certificated Chief Refrigerating Engineer (holding 1st Class Certificate) Chief (or only) Electrician (cable ship or if 4 or more electricians carried) | Purser (over 10,000 tons or Naval Auxiliary 2,501-10,000 tons if at least one assistant purser carried) Senior Assistant Purser (Naval Auxiliary; over 10,000 tons or 2,501-10,000 tons if 3 or more pursers carried) |
Sub-Lieutenant | Certificated Master (home trade cargo ship up to 1,000 tons) First Mate (up to 2,500 tons unless home trade passenger ship of speed 15 knots or more or cable ship or home trade cargo ship up to 1,000 tons) Certificated Second Mate (up to 10,000 tons unless home trade cargo ship up to 1,000 tons) Certificated Third Mate (except home trade cargo ship up to 1,000 tons) Certificated Junior Mate (except home trade cargo ship up to 1,000 tons) Radio Officer or Wireless Telegraphist (3 or more years' service) | Certificated Chief Engineer (home trade cargo ship up to 1,000 tons) Chief Engineer (Naval Auxiliary; commissioned rescue tug if not holding First Engineer's Certificate) Certificated Second Engineer (up to 2,500 tons unless home trade passenger ship of speed 15 knots or more or cable ship or home trade cargo ship up to 1,000 tons) Certificated Third Engineer (up to 10,000 tons unless home trade cargo ship up to 1,000 tons) Certificated Fourth Engineer (except home trade cargo ship up to 1,000 tons) Certificated Junior Engineer (except home trade cargo ship up to 1,000 tons) Certificated Chief Refrigerating Engineer (holding 2nd Class Certificate) Certificated Refrigerating Engineer Chief Electrician (except cable ship) Second Electrician (Naval Auxiliary; ship carrying 4 or more electricians) Electrician (cable ship also carrying Chief Electrician) Certificated Boilermaker (Naval Auxiliary; 8,000 tons or over) | Purser (2,501-10,000 tons) |
Acting Sub-Lieutenant | Uncertificated Mate (Naval Auxiliary) | Uncertificated Engineer (Naval Auxiliary) Uncertificated Refrigerating Engineer (Naval Auxiliary) Chief (or only) Electrician (Naval Auxiliary; if only 1 or 2 electricians carried) Second Electrician (Naval Auxiliary; if up to 3 electricians carried) Electrician (Naval Auxiliary) Certificated Boilermaker (Naval Auxiliary; below 8,000 tons) | |
Warrant Officer | Uncertificated Master (home trade cargo ship up to 500 tons) Uncertificated Mate (except home trade cargo ship up to 500 tons) Mate (home trade cargo ship 501–1,000 tons) Radio Officer or Wireless Telegraphist (1–3 years' service or Naval Auxiliary less than 3 years' service) Cable Foreman (cable ship) | Uncertificated Chief Engineer (home trade cargo ship up to 1,000 tons) Uncertificated Engineer (except home trade cargo ship up to 500 tons) Engineer (home trade cargo ship 501–1,000 tons) Senior Boilermaker Electrician (except cable ship) | Purser (up to 2,500 tons) Assistant Purser Chief Steward (passenger ship 2,501-10,000 tons if Purser also carried or passenger ship up to 2,500 tons or cable ship or Naval Auxiliary cargo ship over 10,000 tons) |
Midshipman | Deck Apprentice or Cadet (Naval Auxiliary; 3 or more years' service) Radio Cadet (Naval Auxiliary; over 1 year's service) | Engineering Apprentice or Cadet (Naval Auxiliary; 3 or more years' service) | |
Cadet | Deck Apprentice or Cadet (Naval Auxiliary; less than 3 years' service) Radio Cadet (Naval Auxiliary; up to 1 year's service) | Engineering Apprentice or Cadet (Naval Auxiliary; less than 3 years' service) | |
Chief Petty Officer | Mate (home trade cargo ship up to 500 tons) Radio Officer or Wireless Telegraphist (less than 1 year's service) Deck Apprentice or Cadet Radio Cadet Boatswain Carpenter Plumber Cable Jointer (cable ship) Assistant Cable Foreman (cable ship) | Engineer (home trade cargo ship up to 500 tons) Boilermaker Uncertificated Boilermaker (Naval Auxiliary) Sanitary Engineer Engineering Apprentice or Cadet Chief Fireman or Stoker | Chief Steward (cargo ship) Chief Cook |
Petty Officer | Boatswain's Mate Carpenter's Mate Chief Quartermaster Hospital Attendant | Donkeyman Pumpman Engineroom Storekeeper Engineroom Winchman First Leading Fireman Leading Hand Diesel Electrical Assistant | Baker Butcher Second Steward Senior Steward Saloon Steward Ship's Cook Officers' Cook First Writer Head Waiter Catering Storekeeper 1st Class |
Leading Seaman | Craneman Lamp Trimmer Launchman Leading Seaman Painter Quartermaster Deck Storekeeper Deck Winchman Seaman Cable Jointer (cable ship) Cable Engine Driver (cable ship) | Greaser Leading Fireman or Stoker Assistant Engineroom Storekeeper | Second Cook (and Baker) Cook Catering Storekeeper Pantryman Leading Steward Second Writer |
Able Seaman | Able Seaman Ordinary Seaman Seaman Cable Hand (cable ship) | Fireman or Stoker Trimmer Cleaner and Wiper | Assistant Catering Storekeeper Second Baker Assistant Baker Assistant Butcher Assistant Cook Assistant Pantryman Steward Assistant Steward Boy Steward |
The escort carrier or escort aircraft carrier, also called a "jeep carrier" or "baby flattop" in the United States Navy (USN) or "Woolworth Carrier" by the Royal Navy, was a small and slow type of aircraft carrier used by the Royal Navy, the United States Navy, the Imperial Japanese Navy and Imperial Japanese Army Air Force in World War II. They were typically half the length and a third the displacement of larger fleet carriers, slower, carried fewer planes, and more-lightly armed and armored. Escort carriers were most often built upon a commercial ship hull, so they were cheaper and could be built quickly. This was their principal advantage as they could be completed in greater numbers as a stop-gap when fleet carriers were scarce. However, the lack of protection made escort carriers particularly vulnerable, and several were sunk with great loss of life. The light carrier was a similar concept to the escort carrier in most respects, but was fast enough to operate alongside fleet carriers.
Merchant raiders are armed commerce raiding ships that disguise themselves as non-combatant merchant vessels.
An armed merchantman is a merchant ship equipped with guns, usually for defensive purposes, either by design or after the fact. In the days of sail, piracy and privateers, many merchantmen would be routinely armed, especially those engaging in long distance and high value trade.
The Royal Fleet Auxiliary (RFA) is a naval auxiliary fleet owned by the UK's Ministry of Defence. It provides vital logistical and operational support to the Royal Navy and Royal Marines. The RFA ensures the Royal Navy is supplied and supported by providing fuel and stores through replenishment at sea, transporting Royal Marines and British Army personnel, providing medical care and transporting equipment and essentials around the world. In addition the RFA acts independently providing humanitarian aid, counter piracy and counter narcotic patrols together with assisting the Royal Navy in preventing conflict and securing international trade. They are a uniformed civilian branch of the Royal Navy staffed by British merchant sailors.
A warship or combatant ship is a naval ship that is built and primarily intended for naval warfare. Usually they belong to the armed forces of a state. As well as being armed, warships are designed to withstand damage and are usually faster and more maneuverable than merchant ships. Unlike a merchant ship, which carries cargo, a warship typically carries only weapons, ammunition and supplies for its crew. Warships usually belong to a navy, though they have also been operated by individuals, cooperatives and corporations.
HMCS Buctouche was a Flower-class corvette that served in the Royal Canadian Navy (RCN) during the Second World War. She served primarily in the Battle of the Atlantic as a convoy escort. She was named for Bouctouche, New Brunswick.
Commerce raiding is a form of naval warfare used to destroy or disrupt logistics of the enemy on the open sea by attacking its merchant shipping, rather than engaging its combatants or enforcing a blockade against them.
Her Majesty's Naval Service, also known as the Senior Service, is the United Kingdom's naval warfare and maritime service. It consists of the Royal Navy, Royal Marines, Royal Fleet Auxiliary, Royal Naval Reserve, Royal Marines Reserve and Naval Careers Service. The term Naval Service should be distinguished from the "UK Naval Services", which consist of the Naval Service and the Merchant Navy. The Naval Service as a whole falls under the command of the Navy Board, which is headed by the First Sea Lord. This position is currently held by Admiral Sir Ben Key. The Defence Council delegates administration of the Naval Service to the Admiralty Board, chaired by the Secretary of State for Defence.
A chief steward is the senior crew member working in the steward's department of a ship. Since there is no purser on most ships in the United States Merchant Marine, the steward is the senior person in the department, whence its name. In the British Merchant Navy, a steward is a junior member of the department, and so the term "chief steward" is always used for the senior member.
HMS Sunfish was a Royal Navy S-class submarine which was launched on 30 September 1936 and served in the Second World War. Sunfish is one of 12 boats named in the song Twelve Little S-Boats.
HMS Unrivalled (P45) was a U-class submarine built for the Royal Navy during World War II. The boat has been the only ship of the Royal Navy to ever bear the name Unrivalled. Completed in 1942, the boat spent most of the war in the Mediterranean. She sank a number of small merchant ships and naval auxiliaries, but major success eluded her during the war. Too small and slow for the post-war environment, Unrivalled was scrapped in 1946.
HMS Unseen (P51) was a Royal Navy U-class submarine built by Vickers-Armstrong at Barrow-in-Furness.
HMS Unswerving (P63) was a Royal Navy U-class submarine built by Vickers-Armstrong. So far she has been the only ship of the Royal Navy to bear the name Unswerving.
Naval trawlers are vessels built along the lines of a fishing trawler but fitted out for naval purposes; they were widely used during the First and Second World Wars. Some—known in the Royal Navy as "Admiralty trawlers"— were purpose-built to naval specifications, others adapted from civilian use. Fishing trawlers were particularly suited for many naval requirements because they were robust vessels designed to work heavy trawls in all types of weather, and had large clear working decks. A minesweeper could be created by replacing the trawl with a mine sweep. Adding depth charge racks on the deck, ASDIC sonar below, and a 3-inch (76 mm) or 4-inch (102 mm) gun in the bow equipped the trawler for anti-submarine duties.
Ship camouflage is a form of military deception in which a ship is painted in one or more colors in order to obscure or confuse an enemy's visual observation. Several types of marine camouflage have been used or prototyped: blending or crypsis, in which a paint scheme attempts to hide a ship from view; deception, in which a ship is made to look smaller or, as with the Q-ships, to mimic merchantmen; and dazzle, a chaotic paint scheme which tries to confuse any estimate of distance, direction, or heading. Counterillumination, to hide a darkened ship against the slightly brighter night sky, was trialled by the Royal Canadian Navy in diffused lighting camouflage.
SS Empire Arthur was a 784-ton coastal tanker which was built in 1942. She saw service mainly in British coastal waters during the Second World War, and was briefly used as an auxiliary, supporting Royal Navy operations off western Africa. Her capsize in 1943 put an end to this, but she was salvaged post-war and returned to service for several companies, under the names Merula, and then Adherity, before being scrapped in 1962.
Henry Trevor Lenton was an English naval historian, specialising in the area of 20th-century naval history and warship design. He served in the Merchant Navy and the Royal Navy during World War II before becoming a journalist and author.
The action of 13 May 1942 was a naval engagement during World War II between the British Royal Navy and the German Kriegsmarine. It was an attempt by Royal Navy Motor Torpedo Boats (MTBs) to stop the German auxiliary cruiser Stier from reaching Gironde, France. Stier made it through the English Channel and reached Gironde, but MTBs sunk the German fleet torpedo boats Iltis and Seeadler. MTB 220 was sunk by the German ships.
SS Teviot Bank was a Bank Liner launched in 1938. She was requisitioned by the Royal Navy for conversion to the auxiliary minelayer HMS Teviot Bank. She was one of the first merchant ships converted for this purpose during World War II. She served in home waters until transferred to the Eastern Fleet in 1941. She then served briefly in the Mediterranean before being returned to the Bank Line in 1944.