Eris Morn

Last updated
Eris Morn
Destiny character
ErisMornTDB.png
Promotional art of Eris Morn for Destiny: The Dark Below
First appearance Destiny: The Dark Below (2014)
Created by Bungie
Voiced byMorla Gorrondona

Eris Morn is a character from Bungie's Destiny video game series. She first appears as a supporting non-player character in Destiny: The Dark Below , the first post-release downloadable content (DLC) pack for the 2014 video game Destiny , who possesses expert knowledge of the alien threat known as the Hive. She is usually presented as an advisor, quest-giver and item vendor within the Destiny series, although she has occasionally played a proactive role to assist the Guardians, protectors of Earth's last safe city.

Contents

Eris Morn is voiced by Morla Gorrondona, who also voiced members of the Hive species in the Destiny series. Gorrondona continued to voice the character in her subsequent appearances in the series and was consistently given creative freedom to interpret the character's emotional state. Eris Morn has been subject to merchandise and promotional material, and is noted by commentators as one of the most prominent characters of the Destiny series' and an important aspect of its lore.

Development and portrayal

Eris Morn was developed as part of Bungie's efforts to deliver story missions which flesh out the Hive faction as part of post-launch expansion pack content released to support the first Destiny following criticism of its lack of meaningful story content. Eris is voiced by American actress Morla Gorrondona, who also provides the screeches and screams of various Hive enemy units like the Thralls and the Wizards. Several Bungie team members elaborated the direction and tone of the series in detail for audition hopefuls in order to illustrate their vision for who they wanted Eris to be. During Gorrondona's audition for Eris, a Bungie staff member told her that it would be "poetic" for the character to be played by the same person who voiced the Hive since she had lived among them for a time. [1] Gorrondona secured the role of Eris, as well as a Hive leader named Omnigul, in part due to positive feedback from the team for her voice work with the Hive, which demonstrated her creative use of diction as well as an aptitude for "vocal gymnastics". [2]

A lifelong video game enthusiast, Gorrondona is a player of the Destiny series herself, though she has acknowledged that the series' complicated lore may be difficult to follow even for an insider like her who has worked on the games. [1] Gorrondona cited instances where she listened to an explanation provided by a developmental team member, but needed to have it repeated to her again as she did not fully understand the context of what was being said. [1] Although Bungie had pre-established ideas about the creative direction for Eris, Gorrondona was allowed the freedom to interpret her character's emotional state as she saw fit. [3] To prepare for the role, Gorrondona drew from her experience working in professional theatre to develop the minute details of her personality, as well as her training in improv techniques which allowed her to "make decisive but not obvious choices within seconds". She believed that these two opposing ways of thinking and creating gave her the ability to develop a robust backstory and give her character emotional heft relatively quickly, an advantage in her opinion as time management is an important factor in video game development. [4] A priority for Gorrondona following her casting is to do justice to the character's emotional state in all her performances; to ground Eris Morn without reducing her into a caricature of a spooky character, Gorrondona drew from her personal experiences to convey the impression that Eris' "strong, meaningful and comparable emotions" are connected with something from reality. [1] She described Eris' early appearances in expansion content for the first Destiny as "slowly slipping into madness after her time spent with the Hive", and that is due to her inner conflict because she has an "odd reverence" for her tormentors that is only matched by her desire to see them destroyed. [3] For her subsequent major appearance in Destiny 2: Shadowkeep , Eris is literally haunted by the ghosts of people from her past, which are manifested by a mysterious structure introduced in the expansion. Gorrondona described her as being emotionally burdened in a way that the general audience would think that she was burdened before, but now it has become a physical one. [5]

In a 2019 interview with Fanbyte, Gorrondona said that she felt more connected with the character of Eris Morn and the Bungie developmental team on a personal level compared to her other roles. [1] From her perspective, Eris is also indicative of an emerging cultural shift within the video game industry in terms of the representation of women and how female characters are portrayed in the medium. Noting the diversity of contemporary female video game characters by the late 2010s, she felt that she no longer feels obliged to deliberate on whether or not to accept the role of a shallow, hypersexualized female character due to the abundance of opportunities to portray "powerful and substantial" ones instead. [1]

A 2021 report by IGN on allegations of toxicity within Bungie's workplace culture claimed that the character's involvement in the games' storylines, which were planned by male narrative studio leads, often leaned on harmful stereotypes of women and their perceived mental health struggles in spite of vocal objections from dissenting voices across the studio. [6]

Appearances

Eris' first appeared in the Tower during The Dark Below, an expansion pack which was released a few months after the first Destiny. She is presented as a forlorn character who speaks in riddles and surrounds herself with ominous-looking artifacts. Taking advantage of an internal struggle within the Hive faction, she directs the Guardians to destroy Crota’s crystal and kill his partner, the witch Omnigul. After the campaign’s completion, Eris helped players travel into the Hellmouth and permanently slay Crota inside his Throne World, a pocket dimension generated by powerful Hive leaders which preserve their lives in the material world, during the Crota’s End raid event.

In The Taken King expansion, chronologically set after the events of The Dark Below, Crota's father Oryx invaded the solar system to seek revenge. Eris warns the Guardian Vanguard leadership at the Tower about the threat posed by Oryx's Taken, a faction which consists of ghostly-looking corrupted versions of regular enemies. She also works behind the scenes with Mara Sov, queen of the Awoken people, and the disgraced Guardian leader Osiris in response to the Taken invasion. At the culmination of the story arc of The Taken King, Eris assists the Guardians to reach the Taken Dreadnaught ship, where Oryx is defeated.

Eris did not appear in the Red War story campaign of Destiny 2 , as she had left the original Tower prior to the Cabal invasion. The lore book Truth to Power, which appears in Destiny 2: Forsaken , is presented as a dispatch from Eris that reveals information about her life in St. Petersburg, Russia during the Golden Age, a centuries-long prosperous era in human history prior to the events of the Destiny series.

Eris reappears in Shadowkeep, where she discovers a giant Pyramid ship buried under the surface of Earth's moon, and finds herself haunted by the ghosts of her old fireteam after she accidentally activates the structure. Realizing that the Pyramid ship is connected to The Darkness, the ancient enemy of the Traveler, Eris contacts the Guardians for aid. She assists her allies in defeating Nightmares, which are manifestations of Darkness energy manipulated by the Moon’s Hive presence that take on the appearance of the Guardians' major enemies from the past. The Guardians eventually make their way inside the Pyramid on her direction after she helps them craft armor to protect against its corrupting influence. The Guardians return with a strange artifact and leave it with Eris for further research. After the Guardians helped banish her personal Nightmares, Eris visits the Pyramid herself, where she discovers that her Ahamkara talisman accidentally absorbed some of the Dark energy.

By the events of Beyond Light , Eris has discovered how to wield the power of The Darkness against the various enemy factions of humanity that are also empowered by it. She travels to Europa, one of Jupiter's moons, alongside the Drifter and the Exo Stranger to participate in the fight against the Fallen faction led by Eramis. Using ice-based abilities that can freeze enemies known as Stasis, which are derived from their knowledge of wielding the Darkness, the trio assist the local Guardian forces to attune to Europa's Pyramid ship structure and guide them in the use of Stasis powers. A unlockable in-game lore book titled The Dark Future details an alternate future timeline where the Darkness has won a decisive victory against the Traveler and the Guardian faction, and where Eris has become a powerful villain who leads a large alliance of evil beings after she is corrupted and possessed by the Darkness. [7]

A physical lorebook that is included with the collector's edition of Destiny 2: The Witch Queen reveals that Mara Sov had survived the events of The Taken King and that she had been in contact with Eris Morn between the events of Forsaken and Shadowkeep. [8] Eris' knowledge of the Hive and of Savathûn, the Witch Queen, become essential for the Vanguard to deal with Savathûn's latest threat during events of The Witch Queen.

Promotion and reception

Eris Morn is featured prominently in promotional efforts for various story-driven expansions and downloadable content (DLC) of the Destiny series. At a 2015 panel hosted by IGN, Gorrondona performed in-character during a live voice read which re-enacts a cutscene from The Taken King. [9] The character has also been subject to merchandise. In 2020, Tubbz Cosplaying released a line of toy duck figurines themed after Destiny characters, which include the likes of Eris Morn and Cayde-6. Along with the Drifter and the Exo Stranger, Eris Morn is part of a collection of character statues by Numskull Design released in 2021. [10]

Several commentators regard Eris Morn as one of the most important characters within the fictional universe of Destiny. [11] [12] [13] In 2016, Glixel staff ranked Eris Morn as among the most iconic video game characters of the 21st century. While attention was drawn to her tragic backstory as a victim of the Hive, they also found amusement in her perpetually grim outlook even during festive seasonal events. [14]

Joshua Rivera from Kotaku described Eris Morn as one of the most controversial and compelling characters in Destiny lore. While acknowledging her backstory to be "truly haunting" and "one of the darkest turns" within the obtuse lore of the series, he also considered her to be a symbol of the old Destiny, a "good poster child for the least fun era of the game" which in his words was "pretentious, overly severe, and with zero self-awareness". [15] Rivera observed that by the release of Destiny 2, "quippy, charismatic characters" like Cayde-6 increased in popularity and overshadowed the dour character archetype represented by Eris Morn, and that several non-player characters even poked fun at her as well as the lacklustre plot of the first Destiny by extension. [15]

Brenna Hillier from VG247 praised Gorrondona's skill as the voice of Eris Morn, highlighting her ability to convey agony and trauma through her voice, as well as a determination to inspire the player character to action in The Dark Below. [2] Rick Marshall from Digital Trends lauded Gorrondona's performance as Eris in The Taken King to be a "pleasant surprise". He highlighted in particular her banter with Nathan Fillion's Cayde-6 as one of the best parts of The Taken King "cryptic, the character's "doom-and-gloom dialogue" made for an effective counterpoint to Cayde-6's charismatic humour. [16]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">343 Guilty Spark</span> Fictional character from the Halo video game series

343 Guilty Spark, also known as just Spark, is a character in the military science fiction Halo franchise. 343 Guilty Spark plays a major role in the storyline of the original Halo video game trilogy: the character appears in Halo: Combat Evolved, Halo 2, and Halo 3, as well as the remakes of the first two games, Halo: Combat Evolved Anniversary, and Halo 2: Anniversary. 343 Guilty Spark is voiced by actor Tim Dadabo in all media.

Cortana (<i>Halo</i>) Fictional video game character

Cortana is a fictional artificially intelligent character in the Halo video game series. Voiced by Jen Taylor, she appears in Halo: Combat Evolved and its sequels, Halo 2, Halo 3, Halo 4, Halo 5: Guardians and Halo Infinite. She also briefly appears in the prequel Halo: Reach, as well as in several of the franchise's novels, comics, and merchandise. During gameplay, Cortana provides backstory and tactical information to the player, who often assumes the role of Master Chief Petty Officer John-117. In the story, she is instrumental in preventing the activation of the Halo installations, which would have destroyed all sentient life in the galaxy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jen Taylor</span> American actress

Jennifer Taylor is an American actress. She is best known for her roles as Cortana in Halo games and the intelligent personal assistant, the voice of Zoey in the Left 4 Dead franchise and formerly as Princess Peach, Toad and other characters in the Mario franchise from 1999 to 2008.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nolan North</span> American actor (born 1970)

Nolan North is an American actor best known for his voice acting roles.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Michael Salvatori</span> American composer (born 1954)

Michael C. Salvatori is an American composer best known for his collaboration with colleague Martin O'Donnell for the soundtracks to the Halo video game series. Salvatori became acquainted with O'Donnell in college; when O'Donnell was given a job offer to score a colleague's film, Salvatori and O'Donnell formed a partnership and eventually created their own production company, TotalAudio. Salvatori continued to manage TotalAudio and worked on his own music for clients such as Disney and Wideload Games.

<i>Destiny</i> (video game) 2014 video game

Destiny is an online first-person shooter video game developed by Bungie. It was released worldwide on September 9, 2014, for the PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Xbox 360, and Xbox One consoles. Destiny marked Bungie's first new console franchise since the Halo series, and it was the first game in a ten-year agreement between Bungie and Activision. Set in a "mythological science fiction" world, the game features a multiplayer "shared-world" environment with elements of role-playing games. Activities in Destiny are divided among player versus environment (PvE) and player versus player (PvP) game types. In addition to normal story missions, PvE features three-player "strikes" and six-player raids. A free roam patrol mode is also available for each destination which feature public events. PvP features objective-based modes, as well as traditional deathmatch game modes.

<i>Destiny: The Taken King</i> 2015 video game

Destiny: The Taken King is a major expansion for Bungie's first-person shooter, Destiny. Released on September 15, 2015, as the third expansion of Destiny, it revolves around Oryx, The Taken King and his plot for revenge after players slew his son Crota in Destiny's first downloadable content (DLC) pack, The Dark Below. Players must face the "Taken", Oryx's army of corrupted aliens forced to fight for him. The Taken King adds content across the game, including new missions, a Player versus Environment location, Player versus Player maps, player gear, weaponry, and a new raid. Upon the expansion's release, retailers also issued Destiny: The Taken King Legendary Edition which includes Destiny,The Taken King, and the previous two expansions, The Dark Below and House of Wolves.

There are four pieces of downloadable content (DLC) that were released for Bungie's 2014 first-person shooter video game Destiny. Each package of downloadable content added new player versus environment (PvE) missions and player versus player (PvP) modes, new locales to visit, and new items for the player to make use of. The first expansion was The Dark Below in December 2014, which was followed by House of Wolves in May 2015. The third, The Taken King, was released in September 2015 and had the largest effect on the game, as it changed much of the core gameplay. Upon the release of the third expansion, retailers issued Destiny: The Taken King Legendary Edition, which included Destiny and all DLC up to and including The Taken King. In December 2015, Destiny shifted to an event-based model, featuring more periodical limited-time events. The fourth and last expansion called Rise of Iron released in September 2016. Upon release of the fourth expansion, retailers issued Destiny: The Collection, which includes Destiny and all DLC up to and including Rise of Iron.

<i>Destiny 2</i> 2017 video game

Destiny 2 is a free-to-play online first-person shooter video game developed by Bungie. It was originally released as a pay to play game in 2017 for PlayStation 4, Xbox One, and Windows. It became free-to-play, utilizing the games as a service model, under the New Light title on October 1, 2019, followed by the game's release on Stadia the following month, and then PlayStation 5 and Xbox Series X/S platforms in December 2020. The game was published by Activision until December 31, 2018, when Bungie acquired the publishing rights to the franchise. It is the sequel to 2014's Destiny and its subsequent expansions.

<i>Destiny: Rise of Iron</i> 2016 video game expansion

Destiny: Rise of Iron is a major expansion for Bungie's first-person shooter, Destiny. The expansion was released on September 20, 2016, as the fourth and last expansion of Destiny. It revolves around the Fallen enemy race, as they have breached the Wall that surrounds Earth's last safe city and are utilizing the SIVA virus, a Golden Age nanotechnology characterized by self-replication and self-assembly. Lord Saladin, the last known remaining Iron Lord, guides players to become a new generation of Iron Lords and wipe out SIVA. Rise of Iron adds content across the game, including a new campaign, new missions, new player versus environment (PvE) locations, new player versus player (PvP) maps, a new PvP game mode, player gear, weaponry, a new social space, and a new raid.

<i>Destiny</i> (video game series) Video game series by Bungie

Destiny is an online-only multiplayer first-person shooter video game series developed by Bungie and previously published by Activision. The series is now self-published by Bungie after the conclusion of their partnership with Activision in 2019. Destiny marked Bungie's first new console franchise since the Halo series. Set in a "mythic science fiction" world, the series features a multiplayer "shared-world" environment with elements of role-playing games. Activities are divided among player versus environment (PvE) and player versus player (PvP) game types. In addition to normal story missions, PvE features three-player "strikes" and dungeons and six-player raids. A free roam patrol mode is also available for each destination which feature public events. PvP features objective-based modes, as well as traditional deathmatch game modes.

There have been several pieces of downloadable content (DLC) released for Bungie's 2017 first-person shooter video game Destiny 2. The packages of downloadable content generally add new player versus environment (PvE) missions and player versus player (PvP) modes, new locales to visit, and new items for the player to make use of. Year One of the game featured two small expansion packs. The first was Curse of Osiris in December 2017, which was followed by Warmind in May 2018.

<i>Destiny 2: Forsaken</i> 2018 expansion of Destiny 2

Destiny 2: Forsaken was a major expansion for Destiny 2, a first-person shooter video game by Bungie. Representing the third expansion and the second year of extended content for Destiny 2, it was released on September 4, 2018. Forsaken revolved around the player's Guardian seeking to avenge the death of Cayde-6 by the hands of the Awoken Prince Uldren Sov. Uldren, corrupted by the Darkness, was in search of his lost sister, Queen Mara Sov, both of whom were thought to have died in Destiny: The Taken King (2015). Along their journey, players faced the Scorn, undead versions of the Fallen race that had been revived and morphed into a new race.

<i>Destiny 2: Shadowkeep</i> 2019 expansion of Destiny 2

Destiny 2: Shadowkeep is a major expansion for Destiny 2, a first-person shooter video game developed by Bungie. Representing the fourth expansion and the third year of extended content for Destiny 2, it was released on October 1, 2019. It was the first major expansion to be published independently by Bungie after acquiring publishing rights for the series from Activision in early 2019, as well as the first to arrive on Steam rather than the Battle.net client which had been used since Destiny 2's launch.

<i>Destiny 2: Beyond Light</i> 2020 expansion of Destiny 2

Destiny 2: Beyond Light is a major expansion for Destiny 2, a first-person shooter video game developed by Bungie. Representing the fifth expansion and the fourth year of extended content for Destiny 2, it was released on November 10, 2020. Players travel to Jupiter's icy moon Europa to confront the Fallen Kell Eramis, who plans to use the power of the Darkness to save her people and take revenge on the Traveler back on Earth, as she and many Fallen believe that the Traveler had abandoned them before the Golden Age of humanity. The player's Guardian also obtains this new Darkness-based power as a subclass called Stasis, which features new ice-based abilities that can freeze enemies.

<i>Destiny 2: The Witch Queen</i> 2022 expansion of Destiny 2

Destiny 2: The Witch Queen is a major expansion for Destiny 2, a first-person shooter video game by Bungie. Representing the sixth expansion and the fifth year of extended content for Destiny 2, it was originally planned for release in late 2021, but due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the expansion was delayed by three months and was released on February 22, 2022. Prior to release, Bungie reported that The Witch Queen had over 1 million pre-orders, "on track to becoming the most pre-ordered expansion in Destiny 2 history".

<i>Destiny 2: Lightfall</i> 2023 expansion of Destiny 2

Destiny 2: Lightfall is a major expansion for Destiny 2, a first-person shooter video game by Bungie. Representing the seventh expansion and the sixth year of extended content for Destiny 2, it was released on February 28, 2023, after being pushed back from its original fall 2022 release as a result of the delay of the previous expansion, The Witch Queen. Lightfall revolves around the exiled Cabal emperor Calus, a recurring character throughout Destiny 2, now a Disciple of the Witness, as he, the Witness, and their army of Shadow Legion Cabal and Tormentors attack the secret, technologically advanced human city of Neomuna on Neptune to procure a mysterious being called the Veil to herald a second Collapse.

<i>Destiny 2: The Final Shape</i> 2024 expansion of Destiny 2

Destiny 2: The Final Shape is a major expansion for Destiny 2, a first-person shooter video game by Bungie. Representing the eighth expansion and the seventh year of extended content for Destiny 2 and 10th year of content for the Destiny franchise, it was released on June 4, 2024, after being delayed from its original February 2024 date. The Final Shape revolves around the player's Guardian seeking out the franchise's major villain, the Witness, who had disappeared through a portal that it created on the surface of the celestial Traveler at the conclusion of Lightfall (2023). The Guardian and the Vanguard must stop the Witness from creating the titular Final Shape—the calcification and destruction of all life in the universe—and end the war between the Light and Darkness, concluding Destiny's first major saga, the "Light and Darkness" saga. The expansion also sees the return of the character Cayde-6, who had been killed during the events of Forsaken (2018).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cayde-6</span> Destiny supporting character

Cayde-6 is a character from Bungie's Destiny video game series. He first appears in the 2014 video game Destiny as a supporting non-player character with a leadership role within the player-aligned Guardians, protectors of Earth's last safe city against various alien threats. Cayde-6 is an Exo, a highly advanced robot made by the fictional company 'Braytech', with the mind of a living human being uploaded into its consciousness. Like other Guardians, Cayde-6 is accompanied by a floating robotic companion called a Ghost and wields an otherworldly power called Light granted by the mysterious Traveler, progenitor of the Ghosts. Originally presented as a vendor and occasional questgiver, Cayde-6 is given a prominent role in the series' narrative beginning with the 2015 expansion Destiny: The Taken King. Cayde-6 continued to appear as a major character within series lore, until he is killed off in the 2018 expansion for Destiny 2, Forsaken. Cayde-6 was voiced by Nathan Fillion for the majority of his appearances, and by Nolan North for the character's final chronological appearance in Forsaken. He will be brought back along with Fillion in The Final Shape, the last DLC in the Light & Darkness saga for Destiny 2.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Uldren Sov</span> Destiny supporting character

Uldren Sov is a character from Bungie's Destiny video game series. He first appears as a supporting non-player character in the 2014 video game Destiny. In series lore, he served as a loyal aide to his sister Queen Mara Sov and is a prince of the Awoken, originally humans whose biology were altered as the result of an otherworldly spacetime anomaly which occurred hundreds of years before the events of the Destiny series. Uldren was the main antagonist of Forsaken, the 2017 expansion pack to Destiny 2. He is later resurrected in a subsequent story update and reintroduced in post-release seasonal content as the Crow, an ally to the player character.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Destiny 2 Voice Actor Morla Gorrondona on Being Eris Morn". November 2, 2019. Archived from the original on October 25, 2021. Retrieved March 27, 2022.
  2. 1 2 "Destiny: Delving into The Dark Below". VG247. May 15, 2015. Archived from the original on March 28, 2022. Retrieved March 28, 2022.
  3. 1 2 Dobra, Andrei (December 18, 2014). "Destiny: The Dark Below Actress Praises Eris Character". softpedia. Archived from the original on March 20, 2023. Retrieved March 27, 2022.
  4. "Meet the voice behind Destiny's Eris Morn". MCV. January 6, 2015. Archived from the original on June 24, 2021. Retrieved March 27, 2022.
  5. Lindsay, Hamish (November 20, 2019). "Morla Gorrondona on playing Destiny's Eris Morn". Archived from the original on December 3, 2022. Retrieved March 27, 2022.
  6. Valentine, Rebekah (December 11, 2021). "The Battle for Bungie's Soul: Inside the Studio's Struggle for a Better Work Culture". IGN. Archived from the original on May 5, 2022. Retrieved March 27, 2022.
  7. "How Eris Morn Became Destiny 2's Greatest Villain (In Another Timeline)". ScreenRant. February 23, 2021. Archived from the original on March 24, 2022. Retrieved March 27, 2022.
  8. "Destiny 2 Witch Queen Collector's Edition Finally Sheds Light On Eris And Mara After Forsaken". Archived from the original on 2022-03-24. Retrieved 2022-03-27.
  9. IGN (16 February 2019). "Live Destiny Voice Read by Eris and IGN - IGN's Fireteam Chat". Youtube. Archived from the original on February 19, 2022. Retrieved February 19, 2022.
  10. "Eris Morn Statue Joins Numskull Designs' Destiny 2 Lineup Later This Year". PlayStation LifeStyle. May 19, 2021. Archived from the original on February 18, 2022. Retrieved March 27, 2022.
  11. "Destiny: The Lore Behind Eris Morn Explained". Game Rant. September 24, 2021. Archived from the original on March 24, 2022. Retrieved March 27, 2022.
  12. "Destiny 2 Shadowkeep's Eris Morn And Story: Everything You Need To Know". Archived from the original on 2022-03-27. Retrieved 2022-03-27.
  13. Gilliam, Ryan (June 9, 2020). "Eris Morn, Destiny's creepiest Guardian, explained". Polygon . Archived from the original on March 24, 2022. Retrieved March 27, 2022.
  14. "Eris Morn | 50 Most Iconic Video Game Characters of the 21st Century | Glixel". November 23, 2016. Archived from the original on 23 November 2016.
  15. 1 2 "Before Destiny 2: Shadowkeep, Here's What You Need To Know About Eris Morn". Kotaku. 26 August 2019. Archived from the original on 24 March 2022. Retrieved 27 March 2022.
  16. "Destiny: The Taken King - First Impressions After 48 Hours". Digital Trends. September 18, 2015. Archived from the original on May 23, 2022. Retrieved March 28, 2022.

Further reading