Estates General États Généraux (French) / Staten Generaal (Dutch) | |
---|---|
Estates of the realm First Estate of prelates Second Estate of nobility Third Estate of chief cities | |
History | |
Established | 28 April 1600 |
Disbanded | 9 November 1600 |
Preceded by | Estates General of 1598 |
Succeeded by | Estates General of 1632 |
The Estates General of 1600 was a parliamentary assembly of representatives of the constituent provinces of the Habsburg Netherlands.
It was the first, and only, estates general of the Netherlands convened under the authority of the Archdukes Albert and Isabella, who arrived in the Low Countries in 1599 as the new sovereigns, Philip II of Spain having bequeathed his territories in the Low Countries to his daughter Isabella as dowry upon her marriage to Albert.
The Estates General were summoned to recognise the sovereign authority of the Archdukes, and to raise taxes to pursue the war with the Dutch rebels.
The delegates attending were as follows. [1]
Delegation | Prelates | Nobles | Third Estate [2] (Representatives of the cities) |
---|---|---|---|
Duchy of Brabant | *Mathias Hovius, Archbishop of Mechelen *Ghisbertus Masius, Bishop of 's-Hertogenbosch *Guillaume de Berghes, Bishop of Antwerp *Libert Schalon, prelate of Vlierbeek Abbey *Robert Herion, prelate of Villers Abbey *Dionysius Feyten, prelate of St. Michael's Abbey, Antwerp *Philip de Rouwergen, prelate of Grimbergen Abbey *Nicholas Mutsarts, prelate of Tongerlo Abbey *Franciscus van Vlierden, prelate of Park Abbey *Jean Braze, prelate of Heylissem Abbey *Lieven de Couwenberghe, prelate of Dieleghem Abbey *Arnout van Eynhouts, prelate of St Gertrude | *Charles III de Croÿ, Duke of Aarschot and Prince of Chimay *Philip William, Prince of Orange, Count of Nassau, Baron of Breda, Diest, etc. *Charles de Ligne, Prince of Arenberg *Gerald de Hornes, 1st Count of Bassignies, Baron of Boxtel *Jacques de Berghes, Baron of Grimbergen *Lancelot Schetz de Grobbendonck, Baron of Wezemaal *Philippe, Lord of Rubempré *Adriaan de Gavre, lord of Aiseau | *Richard Van Pulle, knight, mayor of Leuven *Willem Willems, pensionary of Leuven *Henri de Dongelberge, knight, mayor of Brussels *Anthoine Vander Hert, alderman of Brussels *Gilles van Busleyden, knight, alderman of Brussels *Charles de Lathem, lord of Court St-Etienne, treasurer of Brussels *Gille Martigny, pensionary of Brussels *Jacob Dassa, knight, mayor of Antwerp *Blasius de Bejar, knight, alderman *Hendrik van Halmale, knight, alderman *Henri Schotti, pensionary of Antwerp *Arnout van Breugel, first alderman of 's-Hertogenbosch *Willem van Reys, pensionary of 's-Hertogenbosch *Philippe Maes, clerk of the States of Brabant |
Duchy of Limburg | *Jean de Berlaymont, lord of Chappelle *Jean Colyn, lord of Boesdaele *Jean Vander Hoeff, dict Verlieren *Herman Schuyl, bailiff of Balen *Wannier Hannot, mayor of Herve *Wouter Hoen Van Hoensbroeck, lord of Geule *Frederick de Schaesberg *Julius Schaesberg, licentiate of laws *Martin Monen, alderman of Meerssen *Winant van Amstenrode, lord of Mecht *Guillaume Fronteau *Franciscus van Eynatten, lord of Margraten Jan van Ottegraven, bailiff of Simpelveld | ||
Duchy of Luxembourg | *Benedict, prelate of Notre-Dame à Munster *Remacle, prelate of Orval Abbey | *Thierry, Count of Manderscheidt *Godfroid d'Elz, lord of Elz, Walmeranges and Clervaux | Eucharius Bock, doctor of laws, lieutenant-provost of Luxembourg |
Duchy of Guelders | *Arnold-Adrien de Bylande, baron of Rheidt, lord of Brempt and Cruchten *Philippe de Bentinck, lord of Biecht, Papenhoven, etc., drossard of Montfort *Godart de Boicholt, lord of Boicholt and Cottersum | *Jan van Breugel, mayor of Roermond *Gerard Craeyart, licentiate of laws, alderman of Roermond *Godart Byl the Younger, mayor of Venlo *Gerard Lintgens, mayor of Geldern *Reynier de Rysewyck, licentiate of laws, pensionary of Geldern | |
County of Flanders | *Petrus Simons, bishop of Ypres *Cornelius Columbanus Vrancx, abbot of St. Peter's Abbey, Ghent *Jean Bouchier, abbot of St. Andrew's Abbey, Bruges *Franciscus Schouteet, abbot of Drongen Abbey *Adriaan Vorens, archdeacon of St Bavo's Cathedral, Ghent *Jean-Baptiste Bate, archdeacon of St. Salvator's Cathedral, Bruges | *Anthoine Triest, second alderman of Ghent *Gilbert van Kortewille, knight, third alderman of Ghent *Jan-Baptiste Schorman, pensionary of Ghent *Mathias Dagna, alderman of Bruges *Jacques de Jonge, alderman of Bruges *Jean-Baptiste Van Belle, pensionary of Bruges *François de Hallewyn, knight, advocate of Ypres *Hercules Willard, alderman of Ypres *Henri Codt, licentiate of laws, pensionary and clerk of Ypres *Jean de Groote, lord of Nieuwland, hereditary marshal of Flanders, mayor of the commune of Franc of Bruges *Thomas Grammaye, mayor of the aldermen of Franc of Bruges *Adriaan Bailly, licentiate of laws, pensionary of the Franc of Bruges | |
County of Artois | *Mathieu Moulart, bishop of Arras *Philippe de Caverel, abbot of St Vaast *Jean du Ploich, dean of Saint-Omer Cathedral | *Adrien de Noyelles, knight, lord of Marles, baron of Rossignol, governor and captain of Arras *Gilles de Lens, baron of Aubigny,etc. *Jean de Bonnières, knight, baron of Aulchy | *Nicolas du Val, licentiate of laws, advocate of the Council of Artois *Anthoine Le Merchier, mayor of Arras *Adrien Doresmieux, first councillor of the city of Saint-Omer |
County of Hainaut | *Gaspar, abbot of Hautmont *Robert, abbot of Cambron Abbey | *Charles de Gavre, count of Beaurieu *Baudry, baron of Roisin | *Philippe de Mont *Jacques, lord of St.-Genoix *Jean Amand, lord of Nouvelles *Louis Laulduiers *Philippe de Samme, pensionary of Mons *Jean du Buisson, pensionary of the States of Hainaut |
City of Valenciennes | *Nicolas de Rasoir, knight, provost of Valenciennes *Nicolas de la Pierre, knight, lord of Aubry,etc. *Henri d'Outreman, former provost *Robert Rose, licentiate of laws, first councillor of the city | ||
County of Namur | *Jacques Blaseus, Bishop of Namur *Jean Vander Linden, licentiate of laws, clerk of the States of Namur | *Henry d'Yves, knight, lieutenant governor of the county *Guillaume de Carondelet, knight | *Philibert de Marbaiz, knight, mayor of Namur *Pierre Hanart, alderman of Namur |
Lille, Douai and Orchies | *Claude de Lannoy, knight *Pierre de Croix, lord of Bus *Charles Petitpas, mayor *Walrant du Bois, knight, alderman *Denis de Guillebert, licentiate of laws, pensionary of Lille *Robert de Carondelet, knight, chief alderman *Philippe de Broide, pensionary of Douai. | ||
City of Tournai | *Louis Allegambe, knight, provost of Tournai *Jacques Hacquart, knight, mayor of the aldermen of St-Brixe and Bruisle *Jean Leclercq, first councillor of the city | ||
Tournaisis | *Michel D'Esne, Bishop of Tournai *Denis de Villiers, canon of Tournai cathedral | *George de Savary, lord of Warcoing, Petit-Preu, etc. | *Nicolas du Bois, licentiate of laws, councillor of the States of Tournaisis |
City and lordship of Mechelen | *Nicholas Vander Lanen, knight, mayor of Mechelen *Philippe Schooff, first alderman *Jean Vander Lanen, lord of Schriek and Grootlo, treasurer *Antoine Sucquet, first pensionary of Mechelen |
Matthias was Holy Roman Emperor from 1612 to 1619, Archduke of Austria from 1608 to 1619, King of Hungary and Croatia from 1608 to 1618 and King of Bohemia from 1611 to 1617. His personal motto was Concordia lumine maior.
The Southern Netherlands, also called the Catholic Netherlands, were the parts of the Low Countries belonging to the Holy Roman Empire which were at first largely controlled by Habsburg Spain and later by the Austrian Habsburgs until occupied and annexed by Revolutionary France (1794–1815).
Albert VII was the ruling Archduke of Austria for a few months in 1619 and, jointly with his wife, Isabella Clara Eugenia, sovereign of the Habsburg Netherlands between 1598 and 1621. Prior to this, he had been a cardinal, Archbishop of Toledo, viceroy of Portugal and Governor General of the Habsburg Netherlands. He succeeded his brother Matthias as reigning archduke of Lower and Upper Austria, but abdicated in favor of Ferdinand II the same year, making it the shortest reign in Austrian history.
Isabella Clara Eugenia, sometimes referred to as Clara Isabella Eugenia, was sovereign of the Spanish Netherlands, which comprised the Low Countries and the north of modern France with her husband, Archduke Albert VII of Austria.
Charles Bonaventure de Longueval, 2nd Count of Bucquoy was a military commander who fought for the Spanish Netherlands during the Eighty Years' War and for the Holy Roman Empire during the Thirty Years' War.
In the history of the Low Countries, the Burgundian Netherlands or the Burgundian Age is the period between 1384 and 1482, during which a growing part of the Low Countries was ruled by the Dukes of Burgundy. Within their Burgundian State, which itself belonged partly to the Holy Roman Empire and partly to the Kingdom of France, the dukes united these lowlands into a political union that went beyond a personal union as it gained central institutions for the first time.
Spanish Netherlands was the Habsburg Netherlands ruled by the Spanish branch of the Habsburgs from 1556 to 1714. They were a collection of States of the Holy Roman Empire in the Low Countries held in personal union by the Spanish Crown. This region comprised most of the modern states of Belgium and Luxembourg, as well as parts of northern France, the southern Netherlands, and western Germany with the capital being Brussels. The Army of Flanders was given the task of defending the territory.
The Twelve Years' Truce was a ceasefire during the Eighty Years' War between Spain and the Dutch Republic, agreed in Antwerp on 9 April 1609 and ended on 9 April 1621. While European powers like France began treating the Republic as a sovereign nation, the Spanish viewed it as a temporary measure forced on them by financial exhaustion and domestic issues and did not formally recognise Dutch independence until the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648. The Truce allowed Philip III of Spain to focus his resources elsewhere, while Archdukes Albert and Isabella used it to consolidate Habsburg rule and implement the Counter-Reformation in the Southern Netherlands.
A Joyous Entry is the official name used for the ceremonial royal entry, the first official peaceable visit of a reigning monarch, prince, duke or governor into a city, mainly in the Duchy of Brabant or the County of Flanders and occasionally in France, Luxembourg, Hungary, or Scotland, usually coinciding with recognition by the monarch of the rights or privileges to the city and sometimes accompanied by an extension of them.
Jean Richardot the Younger was bishop of Arras (1602–1609) and prince-archbishop of Cambrai, duke of Cambrai and count of the Cambrésis (1609–1614). He served the Archdukes Albert and Isabella as a diplomat and a minister.
Events from the 1590s in the Spanish Netherlands and Prince-bishopric of Liège.
Albert de Ligne (1600–1674), Prince of Barbançon and Arenberg, knight of the Golden Fleece, was a Netherlandish nobleman and military commander in the Thirty Years' War and the Eighty Years' War.
Joannes Bochius, sometimes Jan Boghe or Jean Boch (1555–1609) was a civic officeholder and Neo-Latin poet in the city of Antwerp.
Philippus Masius or Philippe Maes, knight,, lord of Bodeghem and Ophem, was a diplomat and public servant in the Spanish Netherlands.
Gilles du Faing, lord of Linay and Griffemont, baron of Jamoigne, was a soldier and diplomat in the service of Philip II of Spain and the Archdukes Albert and Isabella.
Events in the year 1600 in the Spanish Netherlands and Prince-bishopric of Liège.
Francisco López de Mendoza y Mendoza, in the literature often simply referred to as Francisco de Mendoza, was a Spanish nobleman, diplomat, general, and eventually bishop, who briefly played an important role in the Eighty Years' War.
Mathieu Moulart (1536–1600), alternatively Moullart or Moulard, was an abbot and bishop in the Habsburg Netherlands.
Pierre de Melun, prince of Espinoy, marquis of Richebourg, baron of Antoing, etc., was a nobleman in the Low Countries during the Dutch Revolt who took the side of the rebels against Philip II of Spain.
The years 1599–1609 constituted a phase of in the Eighty Years' War between the Spanish Empire and the emerging Dutch Republic. It followed the Ten Years (1588–1598) that saw significant conquests by the Dutch States Army under the leadership of stadtholders Maurice of Nassau and William Louis of Nassau-Dillenburg, and ended with the conclusion of the Twelve Years' Truce (1609–1621) on 9 April 1609. The 1599–1609 period was generally marked by a stalemate; the well-known Battle of Nieuwpoort (1600) brought the Dutch a tactical victory without long-term gain, while Spanish conquests in the Siege of Ostend (1601–1604) and Spinola's 1605–1606 campaign were effectively balanced out by the Dutch naval triumph in the Battle of Gibraltar (1607) and the Spanish state bankruptcy that same year. Financial troubles were amongst the primary motives that prompted the Dutch, and even more so the Spanish, to head to the negotiating table for a ceasefire.