Ethan Nadelmann

Last updated
Ethan A. Nadelmann
Ethan Nadelmann by Gage Skidmore.jpg
Nadelmann in 2014
Born (1957-03-13) March 13, 1957 (age 67)
New York City
NationalityAmerican
Alma mater Harvard University (Ph.D.)
London School of Economics (M.Sc)
Harvard Law School (J.D.)
Harvard University (B.A.)
McGill University (transferred to Harvard)
Occupation(s)Founder, Drug Policy Alliance
Website Ethan Nadelmann

Ethan A. Nadelmann (born March 13, 1957) is the founder of the Drug Policy Alliance, a New York City-based non-profit organization working to end the War on Drugs. He is a supporter of the legalization of marijuana in America. [1]

Contents

Early life

Nadelmann was born in New York City and raised in Westchester, New York [2] in a Jewish family; his father, Ludwig Nadelmann, was a rabbi and a "leading figure in the Jewish Reconstructionist movement." [3] He earned B.A., J.D., and Ph.D. degrees from Harvard University and a M.Sc in international relations from the London School of Economics. Nadelmann began to see the flaws in American drug policy as a college student. His academic interests initially focused on Middle East politics before he devoted himself to the issue of drug policy and the internationalization of crime law enforcement. In 1984-85, while pursuing his Ph.D., Nadelmann "got a security clearance and worked as a consultant to the State Department's Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs," then called the Bureau of International Narcotics Matters. Nadelmann's dissertation, based in part on "hundreds of DEA and foreign drug-enforcement officials" in 19 countries, was subsequently published as "Cops Across Borders: The Internationalization of U.S. Criminal Law Enforcement." [4] Reviewing the book in Foreign Affairs, David C. Hendrickson called it a "pioneering and prodigiously researched work." Hendrickson commented on how Nadelmann didn't criticize drug policies in the book, writing, "The work contains little in the way of normative judgments or policy prescriptions. Given Nadelmann's known objections to the war on drugs, this gives the book an odd character, quite as if the Rev. Pat Robertson were to attempt a detached scientific analysis of the production values in Last Tango in Paris." [5] Nadelmann then began to focus on the "harms created by drug prohibition" as he taught politics and public affairs at Princeton University from 1987 to 1994. [4]

Career

Ethan Nadelmann at the World Economic Forum on Latin America in 2012 Ethan A. Nadelmann - World Economic Forum on Latin America.jpg
Ethan Nadelmann at the World Economic Forum on Latin America in 2012

While he was at Princeton, Nadelmann lectured and wrote extensively on drug policy, [6] starting with a piece in Foreign Policy in April 1988 called "U. S. Drug Policy: A Bad Export." In the article, Nadelmann argued that U.S. drug policy strained relationships with Latin American countries, and Nadelmann "analyzed legalization as an alternative." The article brought Nadelmann media attention alongside Kurt Schmoke, a Baltimore Mayor who advocated for drug decriminalization. Nadelmann appeared on TV shows including Nightline , where he and Schmoke debated Charles Rangel on drugs, and Larry King Live. Nadelmann then "authored similar articles Science,The Public Interest, and New Republic," which were often quoted in op-ed articles about drug policy. Nadelmann's scholarly work provided the intellectual foundation for the legalization effort, and it was responsible for the cross-pollination of varying views on legalization, from libertarian arguments to ones concerning the fiscal burden of the War on Drugs. [7]

Nadelmann formed the Princeton Working Group on the Future of Drug Use and Alternatives to Drug Prohibition. The group included eighteen scholars including Lester Grinspoon, Andrew Weil, and Alexander T. Shulgin. Martin Torgoff wrote in Can't Find my Way Home that "for a brief time, the Princeton Group was the most dynamic de facto drug-reform think tank in the United States." [4]

After Barack Obama won the presidential election, Matt Elrod, the director of the drug policy reform group DrugSense, filed an internet petition for Ethan Nadelmann as the new Drug Czar. Although any hopes in getting Nadelmann appointed were downplayed, "this petition will at least encourage President-elect Obama to think twice about his choice of drug czar." [8] Drug Policy Alliance never lobbied for Nadelmann, but once media reports alleged that James Ramstad (R-MN) would be appointed to the post, the organization urged people to oppose the appointment due to his opposition to medical marijuana and needle exchange among other things. [9] Seattle's police chief Gil Kerlikowske became the next head of the White House Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP). [10]

On September 28, 2012, Nadelmann spoke at the Human Rights Foundation's San Francisco Freedom Forum. He discussed the United States' incarceration rates, which are at 743 people per 100,000 inhabitants, and how America's drug policies are affecting that number. [11]

Drug Policy Alliance

Nadelmann founded the Lindesmith Center in 1994, a drug policy institute created with the support of George Soros. In Soros: The Life and Times of a Messianic Billionaire, Michael T. Kaufman wrote of Nadelmann and Soros's relationship, which formed after Soros read Nadelmann's Spring 1988 piece in Foreign Policy, "U.S. Drug Policy: A Bad Export" as Soros had also published the piece "After Black Monday" in the same issue:

"Soros was so impressed with the drug policy piece that he contacted its author, Ethan Nadelmann. By 1993, with Soros's financial backing, Nadelmann established the Lindesmith Center, a policy institute named after Alfred E. Lindesmith, a sociologist who in the 1930s and 1940s had opposed harsh policies of drug prohibition in favor of medical treatment of addicts. Nadelmann, both brash and persuasive, identified the center's mission as seeking "harm reduction", which he defined as "an alternative approach to drug policy and treatment that focuses on minimizing the adverse effects of both drug use and drug prohibition." [12]

Six years later the Center merged with the Drug Policy Foundation and the two became the Drug Policy Alliance, an advocacy group for drug policies "grounded in science, compassion, health and human rights." [13] As the executive director, Nadelmann takes a public health - rather than a criminal justice - approach to the War on Drugs, advocating for the application of harm reduction principles. He has been criticized for his libertarian position on drugs. [14] Nadelmann stepped down as executive director in 2017. [15]

Ballot Initiatives

Starting with Proposition 215 in California in 1996, Nadelmann raised the funds and oversaw the campaigns to legalize medical marijuana and lessen penalties for non-violent drug possession charges (e.g. Proposition 200 in Arizona in 1996) [16] throughout the 1990s and 2000s. [17] The three major funders were Peter Lewis, Soros, and John Sperling—the Washington Post calling them "a trio of enormously wealthy businessmen who are united behind one idea: that the war on drugs is a failure." [18] In A New Leaf, Alyson Martin and Nushin Rashidan wrote, "[Nadelmann's] skills as a closer complemented his ability to connect very different and very influential individuals who cared about drug policy." [19]

UNGASS 1998

In 1998, the United Nations General Assembly held a special session on combatting drug use. The Lindesmith Center, led by Nadelmann, published a two-page public letter to Secretary-General of the United Nations Kofi Annan "asserting that the global war on drugs is causing more harm than drug abuse itself." The letter urged Annan "to initiate a truly open and honest dialogue regarding the future of global drug control policies—one in which fear, prejudice and punitive prohibitions yield to common sense, science, public health and human rights." [20] The letter was signed by "hundreds of prominent people around the world" according to the New York Times, including Soros, Javier Perez de Cuellar, George P. Shultz, Oscar Arias, Walter Cronkite, Alan Cranston, Claiborne Pell, and Helen Suzman. Barry McCaffrey, the Clinton Administration's director of national drug policy, criticized the letter, saying it represented ''a 1950's perception'' of drug policy. [21] He later referenced "a carefully camouflaged, exorbitantly funded, well-heeled elitist group whose ultimate goal is to legalize drug use in the United States," likely referring to the efforts of Nadelmann and Soros. [22]

Influence on Public Figures

Nadelmann influenced public figures to rethink their views on drug policy. The New York Times cited "former Secretary of State George P. Shultz; the economist Milton Friedman, who has received the Nobel Prize; William F. Buckley, the conservative columnist, and Mayor Kurt Schmoke of Baltimore" as public figures that are making the argument for drug decriminalization or legalization and added, "Legalization has been promoted most vigorously by Ethan A. Nadelmann, who teaches at the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs at Princeton University and who has been credited by public figures with opening their minds to the idea. [23] In a 1989 speech to a group of alumni of the Stanford Business School, Shultz "recommended that the Stanford alumni study" Nadelmann's 1989 Science article, "Drug Prohibition in the United States: Costs, Consequences, and Alternatives," calling it "bold" and "informative". As more and more prominent figures voiced support for drug legalization starting in the late 1980s, Nadelmann became "the de facto spokesman for advocates of legalization." [24]

Psychoactive--Podcast on Drugs Issues

In 2021, Nadelmann launched Psychoactive, a podcast on drug policy, drug use, and drugs research. [25]

Criticisms of drug policies

United States

Nadelmann has been a strong advocate of less restrictive cannabis laws in the United States including legalizing the use of cannabis for medical purposes, regulating recreational usage, and imposing civil rather than criminal penalties for those who are caught using or possessing small amounts of cannabis. [26] In 2013, Nadelmann joined Richard Branson, founder of the Virgin Group; George Papandreou, former prime minister of Greece; David Marlon, Las Vegas-based addiction recovery advocate, to discuss the War on Drugs within the U.S. borders, and cannabis' involvement in policy, incarceration, and addiction prevention. [27]

Bibliography

Books

Selected Academic Works

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Drug prohibition</span> History, effects and enforcement of the prohibition of drugs

The prohibition of drugs through sumptuary legislation or religious law is a common means of attempting to prevent the recreational use of certain intoxicating substances.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1996 California Proposition 215</span> California law permitting medical marijuana

Proposition 215, or the Compassionate Use Act of 1996, is a California law permitting the use of medical cannabis despite marijuana's lack of the normal Food and Drug Administration testing for safety and efficacy. It was enacted, on November 5, 1996, by means of the initiative process, and passed with 5,382,915 (55.6%) votes in favor and 4,301,960 (44.4%) against.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Office of National Drug Control Policy</span> United States government agency

The Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP) is a component of the Executive Office of the President of the United States.

Drug czar is an informal name for the person who directs drug-control policies in various areas. The term follows the informal use of the term czar in U.S. politics. The 'drug czar' title first appeared in a 1982 news story by United Press International that reported that, "[United States] Senators ... voted 62–34 to establish a 'drug czar' who would have overall responsibility for U.S. drug policy." Since then, several ad hoc executive positions established in both the United States and United Kingdom have subsequently been referred to in this manner.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Drug Policy Alliance</span> American non-profit advocacy-organization

The Drug Policy Alliance (DPA) is a New York City–based nonprofit organization that seeks to advance policies that "reduce the harms of both drug use and drug prohibition, and to promote the sovereignty of individuals over their minds and bodies". The organization prioritizes reducing the role of criminalization in drug policy, advocating for the legal regulation of marijuana, and promoting health-centered drug policies.

Commonly-cited arguments for and against the prohibition of drugs include the following:

The Law Enforcement Action Partnership (LEAP), formerly Law Enforcement Against Prohibition, is a U.S.-based nonprofit organization group of current and former police, judges, prosecutors, and other criminal justice professionals who use their expertise to advance drug policy and criminal justice solutions that enhance public safety. The organization is modeled after Vietnam Veterans Against the War. As of April 2017, they have more than 180 representatives around the world who speak on behalf of over 5,000 law enforcement members and 100,000 supporters.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Legalization of non-medical cannabis in the United States</span> Legalization of marijuana in the United States

In the United States, the non-medical use of cannabis is legalized in 24 states and decriminalized in 7 states, as of November 2023. Decriminalization refers to a policy of reduced penalties for cannabis offenses, typically involving a civil penalty for possessing small amounts, instead of criminal prosecution or the threat of arrest. In jurisdictions without penalty the policy is referred to as legalization, although the term decriminalization is sometimes used for this purpose as well.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Drug liberalization</span> Process of reducing drug prohibition laws

Drug liberalization is a drug policy process of decriminalizing or legalizing the use or sale of prohibited drugs. Variations of drug liberalization include drug legalization, drug relegalization, and drug decriminalization. Proponents of drug liberalization may favor a regulatory regime for the production, marketing, and distribution of some or all currently illegal drugs in a manner analogous to that for alcohol, caffeine and tobacco.

The Lindesmith Center was an Open Society Institute project which has conducted research related to drug reform. It was founded in 1994 by Ethan Nadelmann with financial support from George Soros. The Center conducted some NIDA-funded studies on harm reduction.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cannabis in the United States</span> Legality, use, culture, market and production of cannabis in the United States

The use, sale, and possession of cannabis containing over 0.3% THC by dry weight in the United States, despite laws in many states permitting it under various circumstances, is illegal under federal law. As a Schedule I drug under the federal Controlled Substances Act (CSA) of 1970, cannabis containing over 0.3% THC by dry weight is considered to have "no accepted medical use" and a high potential for abuse and physical or psychological dependence. Cannabis use is illegal for any reason, with the exception of FDA-approved research programs. However, individual states have enacted legislation permitting exemptions for various uses, including medical, industrial, and recreational use.

This is a history of drug prohibition in the United States.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2010 California Proposition 19</span> Failed measure to legalize marijuana

California Proposition 19 was a ballot initiative on the November 2, 2010, statewide ballot. It was defeated, with 53.5% of California voters voting "No" and 46.5% voting "Yes." If passed, it would have legalized various marijuana-related activities, allowed local governments to regulate these activities, permitted local governments to impose and collect marijuana-related fees and taxes, and authorized various criminal and civil penalties. In March 2010, it qualified to be on the November statewide ballot. The proposition required a simple majority in order to pass, and would have taken effect the day after the election. Yes on 19 was the official advocacy group for the initiative and California Public Safety Institute: No On Proposition 19 was the official opposition group.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2012 Washington Initiative 502</span> 2012 ballot initiative in Washington, United States, concerning marijuana reform

Washington Initiative 502 (I-502) "on marijuana reform" was an initiative to the Washington State Legislature, which appeared on the November 2012 general ballot, passing by a margin of approximately 56 to 44 percent. Originally submitted to the Washington Secretary of State during the summer of 2011, enough signatures were collected and submitted by December to meet the required 241,153 signatures, sending it to the legislature. When the legislature adjourned without action in April, Initiative 502 automatically advanced to the November 2012 general ballot. It was approved by popular vote on November 6, and took effect over the course of a year, beginning with certification no later than December 6, 2012. Along with a similar Colorado measure, Initiative 502 was credited for encouraging voter turnout of 81%, the highest in the nation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ending Federal Marijuana Prohibition Act</span>

The Ending Federal Marijuana Prohibition Act is a series of federal marijuana decriminalization bills that have been introduced multiple times in the United States Congress.

Doctors for Drug Policy Reform, or D4DPR is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization that serves as a global voice for licensed health professionals and scientists advocating for evidence-based drug policies and best practices that advance public health, reduce stigma, and minimize harm. D4DPR leverage the expertise, compassion, and influence of licensed health professionals to enact changes in drug policy necessary to improve public health, human rights, social justice, and consumer protections. D4DPR, formerly DFCR, was founded in 2015 by David L. Nathan. In 2021, Dr. Bryon Adinoff, an addictionologist, researcher, and editor-in-chief of the American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse succeeded Nathan to become D4DPR's second president.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Effects of legalized cannabis</span> Economic and societal effects of legalized cannabis

−

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Legal history of cannabis in Canada</span>

The Cannabis Act (C-45) of June, 2018 paved the way for the legalization of cannabis in Canada on 17 October 2018. Police and prosecution services in all Canadian jurisdictions are currently capable of pursuing criminal charges for cannabis marketing without a licence issued by Health Canada. The Supreme Court of Canada has held that the federal Parliament has the power to criminalize the possession of cannabis and that doing so does not infringe upon the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. The Ontario Court of Appeal and the Superior Court of Ontario have, however, held that the absence of a statutory provision for medical marijuana is unconstitutional, and to that extent the federal law is of no force and/or effect if a prescription is obtained. The recreational use of cannabis has been legalized by the federal government, and took effect on 17 October 2018.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Glossary of cannabis terms</span>

Terms related to cannabis include:

Clergy for a New Drug Policy (CNDP) is an American organization of religious leaders which seeks to reform drug laws in the interest of social justice. The group was begun in 2015 by Chicago United Church of Christ pastor Reverend Al Sharp. They focus on the adverse effects of the War on Drugs including how it has disproportionately impacted low income and minority communities, specifically African Americans. Instead of punishment for drug users, which they have pointed out has not worked in reducing drug usage and crimes within the United States, the organization advocates for a rehabilitation-focused method of fighting addiction. They cite programs like Vancouver's “Insite Supervised Injection Site”, which provides drug addicts with clean needles, medical care, and access to addiction therapists as inspiration for the organization's policy. CNDP initiatives also practice the Four Pillars Drug Strategy first established in Europe, which focuses on four principles: harm reduction, prevention, treatment, and enforcement. While the group focuses primarily on drug reform (mainly Marijuana regulation and legalization), they also look for this change in policy to be a part of a greater movement focusing on social equity and prison reform, including tackling recidivism. The group is composed of members of Catholic, Quaker, Muslim, Protestant, Jewish and Unitarian Universalist clergy.

References

  1. ↑ Dickinson, Tim. "Ethan Nadelmann: The Real Drug Czar". Rolling Stone Magazine. Archived from the original on June 27, 2018. Retrieved July 24, 2013.
  2. ↑ "Ethan Nadelmann (SHS 1975)". Scarsdale Alumni Association. Retrieved 2022-08-28.
  3. ↑ "LUDWIG NADELMAN". The New York Times. 8 December 1986.
  4. 1 2 3 Torgoff, Martin (2004). Can't find my way home : America in the great stoned age, 1945-2000. New York. pp. 428–430. ISBN   978-0-7432-5863-0. OCLC   1001295642.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  5. ↑ Hendrickson, David C. (1994). "Cops Across Borders: The Internationalization of U.S. Criminal Law Enforcement". Foreign Affairs.
  6. ↑ "Ethan Nadelmann Leaves Princeton, Starts The Lindesmith Center, a Research Center for Drug-Related Issues in New York City". www.ndsn.org. Retrieved 2022-08-16.
  7. ↑ Miller, D.W. (February 10, 1993). "Scholar Advocates Legalizing Illicit Drugs". Princeton Alumni Weekly. p. 11. Archived from the original on August 21, 2022. Retrieved August 28, 2022.
  8. ↑ Matt Eldord: Drug Czar of my dreams, The Huffington Post , December 18, 2008
  9. ↑ "Obama's Drug Czar?". Drug Policy Alliance. 2008-11-24. Archived from the original on 2009-03-05. Retrieved 2009-03-05.
  10. ↑ Seattle police chief to become nation's drug czar Archived March 18, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
  11. ↑ Valencia, Robert. "Redemption After Jail: How The World Reintegrates Ex-Prisoners". Archived from the original on November 30, 2012. Retrieved December 21, 2012.
  12. ↑ T., Kaufman, Michael (2010). Soros : the Life and Times of a Messianic Billionaire. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. p. 306. ISBN   978-0-307-76592-5. OCLC   1090919065.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  13. ↑ Nadelmann's biography Archived 2007-04-04 at the Wayback Machine at the Drug Policy Alliance.
  14. ↑ Olanipekun, Vitor Olusola (September 2020). "The Failure of the 'Failure Argument' in Ethan Nadelmann's the Case for Legalization of Drugs" (PDF). Cogito. 12 (3): 193–203. ProQuest   2501929032.
  15. ↑ "Drug Policy Alliance executive director Nadelmann stepping down". MJBizDaily. 2017-01-27. Retrieved 2022-08-28.
  16. ↑ Goldberg, Carey (11 September 1996). "Wealthy Ally for Dissidents in the Drug War". The New York Times.
  17. ↑ Martin, Alyson (2014). A new leaf : the end of cannabis prohibition. Nushin Rashidian. New York. pp. 60–90. ISBN   978-1-59558-920-0. OCLC   834421335.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  18. ↑ Booth, William (October 29, 2000). "The Ballot Battle". The Washington Post. Retrieved August 28, 2022.
  19. ↑ Martin, Alyson (2014). A new leaf : the end of cannabis prohibition. Nushin Rashidian. New York. p. 61. ISBN   978-1-59558-920-0. OCLC   834421335.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  20. ↑ "UNGASS: Public Letter to Kofi Annan". Drug Policy Alliance. Retrieved 2022-08-28.
  21. ↑ Wren, Christopher S. (9 June 1998). "Anti-Drug Effort Criticized As More Harm Than Help". The New York Times.
  22. ↑ Wren, Christopher S. (18 June 1998). "Drug Policy Official Warns Panel of Effort to Legalize Drugs". The New York Times.
  23. ↑ Labaton, Stephen (13 December 1989). "Federal Judge Urges Legalization Of Crack, Heroin and Other Drugs". The New York Times.
  24. ↑ Meisler, Stanley (November 20, 1989). "Drug Legalization: Interest Rises in Prestigious Circles". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved August 28, 2022.
  25. ↑ Dickinson, Tim (July 12, 2017). "Ethan Nadelmann Reexamines Adult Drug Use in New Podcast 'Psychoactive'". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2021-10-31.
  26. ↑ Lyons, Daniel (May 17, 2009). "Legalization? Now for the Hard Question". The New York Times. Retrieved 2009-11-14.
  27. ↑ Velotta, Richard (May 7, 2015). "Branson argues for end to the war on drugs". The Las Vegas Review-Journal . Retrieved 2019-05-05.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.