Alfonso XII, also known as El Pacificador, was King of Spain from 29 December 1874 to his death in 1885.
Alfonso XIII, also known as El Africano or the African due to his Africanist views, was King of Spain from his birth until 14 April 1931, when the Second Spanish Republic was proclaimed. He became a monarch at birth as his father, Alfonso XII, had died the previous year. Alfonso's mother, Maria Christina of Austria, served as regent until he assumed full powers on his sixteenth birthday in 1902.
Maria Christina Henriette Desideria Felicitas Raineria of Austria was Queen of Spain as the second wife of Alfonso XII. She was queen regent during the vacancy of the throne between her husband's death in November 1885 and the birth of their son Alfonso XIII in May 1886, and subsequently also until the latter's coming of age in May 1902.
Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg was Queen of Spain as the wife of King Alfonso XIII from their marriage on 31 May 1906 until 14 April 1931, when the Spanish Second Republic was proclaimed. A Hessian princess by birth, she was a member of the Battenberg family, a morganatic branch of the House of Hesse-Darmstadt. She was the youngest granddaughter of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. Unlike other members of the Battenberg family, who were accorded the lower rank of Serene Highness, Victoria Eugenie was born with the rank of Highness due to a Royal Warrant issued in 1886 by Queen Victoria. Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany was Ena’s Uncle not her brother being the brother of her Mother Beatrice youngest daughter of Queen Victoria. He was a Haemophiliac and she had inherited the gene from her grandmother via her mother which was one of the reasons she and her husband separated as she introduced Haemophilia to the Spanish Royal family
Alfonso, Duke of Anjou, Duke of Cádiz, Grandee of Spain was a grandson of King Alfonso XIII of Spain, a potential heir to the throne in the event of the restoration of the Spanish monarchy, and a Legitimist claimant to the throne of France.
María de las Mercedes, Princess of Asturias was the eldest child of King Alfonso XII of Spain and his second wife, Maria Christina of Austria. She was Princess of Asturias, the heiress presumptive to the Crown of Spain, for all 24 years of her life.
The Restoration or Bourbon Restoration was the period in Spanish history between the First Spanish Republic and the Second Spanish Republic from 1874 to 1931. It began on 29 December 1874, after a coup d'état by General Arsenio Martínez Campos ended the First Spanish Republic and restored the monarchy under Alfonso XII, and ended on 14 April 1931 with the proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic.
Alfonso, Prince of Asturias, was heir apparent to the throne of Spain from birth until the abolition of the monarchy in 1931. He renounced his rights to the defunct throne in 1933. Alfonso was the eldest son of King Alfonso XIII of Spain and his wife, Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg.
Infanta Beatriz of Spain, Princess of Civitella-Cesi was a daughter of King Alfonso XIII of Spain and Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg, wife of Alessandro Torlonia, 5th Prince di Civitella-Cesi. She was a paternal aunt of King Juan Carlos I.
Infanta María de la Paz of Spain was a Spanish infanta. A daughter of Queen Isabella II, she married her cousin Prince Ludwig Ferdinand of Bavaria. She lived the rest of her life in Germany, dedicating her time to her family, charity work and writing poetry. She wrote a book of memoirs: Through Four Revolutions: 1862–1933.
Diego del Alcázar Silvela is Grandee of Spain and the 10th Marquess of la Romana. Del Alcázar studied law, political sciences and business administration in the Complutense University of Madrid and the Sorbonne, Paris.
Alfonso de Orleans y Borbón, Infante of Spain, Duke of Galliera, was a Spanish prince, military aviator and first cousin of Alfonso XIII of Spain.
María del Carmen Martínez-Bordiú y Franco, commonly known as Carmen Martínez-Bordiú, is a Spanish aristocrat and social figure.
Princess Dolores of Bourbon-Two Sicilies was a daughter of Prince Carlos of Bourbon-Two Sicilies and his wife Princess Louise of Orléans. Princess Dolores was born into the House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies and was a member of the Polish noble Czartoryski family through her marriage to Prince Augustyn Józef Czartoryski. She was also an aunt of Juan Carlos I of Spain, son of her sister Princess María de las Mercedes of Bourbon-Two Sicilies.
Spain remained neutral throughout World War I between 28 July 1914 and 11 November 1918, and despite domestic economic difficulties, it was considered "one of the most important neutral countries in Europe by 1915". Spain had maintained a non-aligned stance during the political difficulties of pre-war Europe, and continued its neutrality after the war until the Spanish Civil War began in 1936. While there was no direct military involvement in the war, German forces were interned in Spanish Guinea in late 1915.
Carlos Romero Giménez, sometimes misspelled Jiménez, was a Spanish soldier loyal to the Spanish Republic, and one of the most prominent figures in the Siege of Madrid during the Spanish Civil War. Subsequently, a member of the French Resistance, he fought the Nazi occupation from Bordeaux as part of the Maquis. He was President of the Spanish League for Human Rights.
Princess María de las Mercedes of Bavaria, Infanta of Spain was a German-Spanish princess. She was the third wife of Georgian Prince Irakli Bagration of Mukhrani. Through her father, Prince Ferdinand of Bavaria, she was a member of the Bavarian House of Wittelsbach. Through her mother, Infanta María Teresa of Spain, she was a granddaughter of Alfonso XII and niece of Alfonso XIII.
Infanta María del Pilar of Spain was the third surviving child and second surviving daughter of Queen Isabella II and her king consort, Francisco de Asís, Duke of Cádiz. Infanta Pilar was the younger sister of King Alfonso XII.
The Spanish royal collection of art was almost entirely built up by the monarchs of the Habsburg family who ruled Spain from 1516 to 1700, and then the Bourbons. They included a number of kings with a serious interest in the arts, who were patrons of a series of major artists: Charles V and Philip II were patrons of Titian, Philip IV appointed Velázquez as court painter, and Goya had a similar role at the court of Charles IV.
The Picasso File is the name given to the report written by General Juan Picasso, assigned to the Supreme Council of War and Navy, the highest body of military jurisdiction, in relation to the events that took place in the General Command of Melilla in the months of July and August 1921, known as the "Annual Disaster".
