Ezio Rizzardo | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | 26 December 1943 Pederobba, Italy |
| Citizenship | Australia |
| Education | University of Sydney (PhD 1969) |
| Known for | RAFT polymerization |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | polymer chemistry |
| Institutions | CSIRO |
| Academic advisors | John Pinhey |
Ezio Rizzardo AC FAA FTSE FRS (born 26 December 1943 in Pederobba, Italy) is a polymer chemist at the Australian research agency CSIRO. [1]
Born in Italy, Rizzardo's family immigrated to Australia in 1957. After graduating from the University of New South Wales, he studied the photochemistry of organic nitro compounds at the University of Sydney, receiving his PhD in organic chemistry in 1969. He has worked on polymer chemistry at CSIRO since 1976. [1]
His research interests include the kinetics and mechanisms of radical polymerization, and their commercial application. [2] Rizzardo is an acknowledged expert in chemical methods to control the polymer architecture produced by free radical polymerization. [3] His innovations include two techniques for polymer synthesis, nitroxide-mediated radical polymerization (NMP) and reversible addition−fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization (RAFT). [2] He is named as co-inventor on more than 40 patents. [1]
Rizzardo has received multiple awards from CSIRO and the Royal Australian Chemical Institute for his achievements, as well as the Centenary Medal (2003) and the Prime Minister's Prize for Science (2011). [2]
In 2014, research by Thomson Reuters for their citation laureate prize named Rizzardo as one of three CSIRO scientists who were likely contenders for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, citing their work on RAFT. Rizzardo quipped that he would not be holding his breath on the night the prizes were announced. [4] The trio had been awarded the ATSE Clunies-Ross Award earlier in the year. [5]
He is a fellow of the Australian Academy of Science (2002) [3] and the Royal Society (2010). [6] He was appointed Companion of the Order of Australia in 2018. [2]
Karl Waldemar Ziegler was a German chemist who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1963, with Giulio Natta, for work on polymers. The Nobel Committee recognized his "excellent work on organometallic compounds [which]...led to new polymerization reactions and ... paved the way for new and highly useful industrial processes". He is also known for his work involving free-radicals, many-membered rings, and organometallic compounds, as well as the development of Ziegler–Natta catalyst. One of many awards Ziegler received was the Werner von Siemens Ring in 1960 jointly with Otto Bayer and Walter Reppe, for expanding the scientific knowledge of and the technical development of new synthetic materials.
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Reversible addition−fragmentation chain-transfer or RAFT polymerization is one of several kinds of reversible-deactivation radical polymerization. It makes use of a chain-transfer agent (CTA) in the form of a thiocarbonylthio compound to afford control over the generated molecular weight and polydispersity during a free-radical polymerization. Discovered at the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) of Australia in 1998, RAFT polymerization is one of several living or controlled radical polymerization techniques, others being atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and nitroxide-mediated polymerization (NMP), etc. RAFT polymerization uses thiocarbonylthio compounds, such as dithioesters, thiocarbamates, and xanthates, to mediate the polymerization via a reversible chain-transfer process. As with other controlled radical polymerization techniques, RAFT polymerizations can be performed under conditions that favor low dispersity and a pre-chosen molecular weight. RAFT polymerization can be used to design polymers of complex architectures, such as linear block copolymers, comb-like, star, brush polymers, dendrimers and cross-linked networks.
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