Far-right terrorism in Spain

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Far-right terrorism in Spain (Spanish : Terorrismo de extrema derecha) surged after the death of dictator Francisco Franco in 1975 and continued until the early 1980s. The term (Spanish: terrorismo tardofranquista, lit. late Francoist terrorism) refers to the actions undertaken by fascist and far-right groups who were against the changes taking place during the transition to democracy, and essentially dedicated to street violence against persons of other ideologies.

Contents

As a result of their actions, between 66, 77 and 95 people died. [1] [2] [3] Their actions ranged from assassination of individuals to mass murder, and were centered against leftists, although they also murdered citizens with no relation to politics. [2] They used various names, such as Batallón Vasco Español (Basque Spanish Battalion), Guerrilleros de Cristo Rey (Warriors of Christ the King) and Alianza Apostólica Anticomunista (Apostolic Anticommunist Alliance), abbreviated Triple A or AAA, although it has been commonly stated that there were only a few terrorism networks and they created different names as needed.[ citation needed ]

History

In parallel with the declaration of state of exception in Vizcaya and Gipuzkoa in April 1975, the first attacks were made against goods and persons related with ETA and their support networks, mainly in the French Basque Country, but also in Spanish territory. The bomb attack against the Mugalde library of Hendaye of 7 April 1975 is considered to be the first armed action of the Spanish neofascist terrorism. On July 12, 1975 these groups publicly presented their first name: ATE (Anti Terrorismo ETA, "Anti-Terrorism of ETA"), when claiming the attacks in the previous months in the media. [4] At this time, these groups had not yet perpetrated acts which resulted in fatalities.

Chronology of deadly actions attributed to far-right groups

See also

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References

  1. ↑ Transición y represión política. Juan Manuel Olarieta Alberdi, Revista de Estudios Políticos, ISSN 0048-7694, Nº 70, 1990, pages 225-262
  2. 1 2 "Reportaje - Las otras víctimas". El País. 21 March 2010. Retrieved 25 August 2017.
  3. ↑ Las otras víctimas de una transición nada pacífica. Gonzalo Wilhelmi. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid.
  4. ↑ Digital, La Vanguardia. "Edición del domingo, 13 julio 1975, página 9 -Hemeroteca - Lavanguardia.es". hemeroteca.lavanguardia.com. Retrieved 25 August 2017.
  5. ↑ Digital, La Vanguardia. "Edición del martes, 07 octubre 1975, página 11 - Hemeroteca - Lavanguardia.es". hemeroteca.lavanguardia.com. Retrieved 25 August 2017.
  6. ↑ "ABC (Madrid) - 14/10/1975, p. 31 - ABC.es Hemeroteca". hemeroteca.abc.es. Retrieved 25 August 2017.
  7. ↑ "España: Indemnizarán a familia de víctima de la ultraderecha (El País / El Mundo, 16 - IV - 2002)". Archived from the original on 2007-10-20. Retrieved 2014-03-29.
  8. ↑ "Arturo Ruiz fue enterrado ayer reservadamente". El País. 25 January 1977. Retrieved 25 August 2017.
  9. ↑ "ABC SEVILLA (Sevilla) - 09/10/1977, p. 49 - ABC.es Hemeroteca". hemeroteca.abcdesevilla.es. Retrieved 25 August 2017.
  10. ↑ "Una organización de extrema derecha reivindica el asesinato de un taxista en Irún". El País. 30 May 1978. Retrieved 25 August 2017.
  11. ↑ "Asesinada la mujer del ex dirigente de ETA Juan José Etxabe". El País. 4 July 1978. Retrieved 25 August 2017.
  12. ↑ "Un muerto y dos heridos en el atentado contra EL PAIS". El País. 1 August 1981. Retrieved 25 August 2017.
  13. ↑ "ABC SEVILLA (Sevilla) - 27/06/1979, p. 25 - ABC.es Hemeroteca". hemeroteca.abcdesevilla.es. Retrieved 25 August 2017.
  14. ↑ March, Fundación Juan. "Artículo: Todos los nombres de la banda fascista del Retiro - Diario 16 - 22/09/1979 - Archivo Linz de la Transición española • Fundación Juan March". www.march.es. Retrieved 25 August 2017.
  15. ↑ Digital, La Vanguardia. "Edición del jueves, 10 enero 1980, página 22 - Hemeroteca - Lavanguardia.es". hemeroteca.lavanguardia.com. Retrieved 25 August 2017.
  16. ↑ "Violador condenado a veintisiete años de cárcel en Lugo". El País. 25 January 1980. Retrieved 25 August 2017.
  17. ↑ "ABC (Madrid) - 20/04/1980, p. 27 - ABC.es Hemeroteca". hemeroteca.abc.es. Retrieved 25 August 2017.
  18. ↑ "Tiempo de contar". Archived from the original on 2012-04-23. Retrieved 2014-03-29.
  19. ↑ "30º aniversario del asesinato de María José Bravo del Barrio . Noticias de Gipuzkoa". Archived from the original on 2013-04-11. Retrieved 2014-03-29.
  20. 1 2 3 4 Aizpeolea, Luis R. (21 March 2010). "Las otras víctimas". El País. Retrieved 10 January 2020.
  21. ↑ "La muerte de "Piti" - GARA". gara.naiz.info. Retrieved 25 August 2017.
  22. ↑ "5.000 personas en el funeral del gitano asesinado en Hernani". El País. 16 November 1980. Retrieved 25 August 2017.
  23. ↑ "Spain Sánchez 'attack plot': Police arrest gun suspect". bbc.com. Retrieved 2018-11-08.
  24. ↑ "Fire bomb attack on Spanish leftist party's office". reuters.com. Retrieved 2021-04-04.
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