Fatma Sultan (daughter of Abdülmecid I)

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Fatma Sultan
Fatma Sultan.png
Born 1 November 1840
Istanbul, Ottoman Empire
Died 29 August 1884(1884-08-29) (aged 43)
Istanbul, Ottoman Empire
Burial New Mosque, Istanbul
Spouse Ali Galip Pasha
Nuri Pasha
Issue Cemile Sultan
Sultanzade Mehmed Fuad Bey
Emine Lütfiye Sultan
Dynasty Ottoman
Father Abdulmejid I
Mother Gülcemal Kadın
Religion Sunni Islam

Fatma Sultan (Ottoman Turkish : فاطمہ سلطان‎; 1 November 1840 – 29 August 1884) was an Ottoman princess, the daughter of Sultan Abdulmejid I (reign 1839 - 1861) and sister of Sultan Mehmed V (reign 1909 - 1918) of the Ottoman Empire.

Ottoman Turkish, or the Ottoman language, is the variety of the Turkish language that was used in the Ottoman Empire. It borrows, in all aspects, extensively from Arabic and Persian, and it was written in the Ottoman Turkish alphabet. During the peak of Ottoman power, Arabic and Persian vocabulary accounted for up to 88% of the Ottoman vocabulary, while words of foreign origin heavily outnumbered native Turkish words.

Abdulmejid I Sultan of the Ottoman Empire

Abdülmecid I or Tanzimatçı Sultan Abdülmecid due to the Tanzimat reforms he conducted, he is also known as Abdulmejid and similar spellings, was the 31st Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and succeeded his father Mahmud II on 2 July 1839. His reign was notable for the rise of nationalist movements within the empire's territories. Abdulmejid wanted to encourage Ottomanism among the secessionist subject nations and stop the rise of nationalist movements within the empire, but failed to succeed despite trying to integrate non-Muslims and non-Turks more thoroughly into Ottoman society with new laws and reforms. He tried to forge alliances with the major powers of Western Europe, namely the United Kingdom and France, who fought alongside the Ottoman Empire in the Crimean War against Russia. In the following Congress of Paris on 30 March 1856, the Ottoman Empire was officially included among the European family of nations. Abdulmejid's biggest achievement was the announcement and application of the Tanzimat (reorganization) reforms which were prepared by his father and effectively started the modernization of the Ottoman Empire in 1839. For this achievement, one of the Imperial anthems of the Ottoman Empire, the March of Abdulmejid, was named after him.

Mehmed V Ottoman Sultan

Mehmed V Reşâd was the 35th and penultimate Ottoman Sultan. He was the son of Sultan Abdulmejid I. He was succeeded by his half-brother Mehmed VI. His nine-year reign was marked by the cession of the Empire's North African territories and the Dodecanese Islands, including Rhodes, in the Italo-Turkish War, the traumatic loss of almost all of the Empire's European territories west of Constantinople in the First Balkan War, and the entry of the Empire into World War I, which would ultimately lead to the end of the Ottoman Empire.

Contents

Early life

Fatma Sultan was on 1 November 1840 at the Beşiktaş Palace. Her mother was Gülcemal Kadın. She second child and eldest daughter born to her father, and the eldest daughter born to her mother, hence the full sister of her younger siblings Refia Sultan and Sultan Mehmed V. Upon the death of her mother in 1851, she and her siblings were adopted by Abdulmejid's first wife, Servetseza Kadın. [1] [2]

Gülcemal Kadın was the sixth wife of Sultan Abdulmejid I, and the mother of Sultan Mehmed V of the Ottoman Empire.

Servetseza Kadın Wife of Ottoman Sultan

Servetseza Kadın, meaning "Worthy of riches", was the first wife and chief consort of Sultan Abdulmejid I of the Ottoman Empire.

Marriages

Ali Galib Pasha

When Fatma Sultan came of age, the sons of some of the most exalted personages aspired to the hand of the young princess. Mustafa Reshid Pasha and more especially his wife Adile Hanım, who was excessively proud, were particularly anxious that their son, Ali Galib Pasha, should become the Sultan's son-in-law. The other ministers wished to please the Grand vizier, and tried to induce their master to give the hand of the princess to the son of their colleague. After much pressing, the Sultan consented to the proposed union. However, Reshid Pasha feared the if this marriage took place while he was grand vizier, the people would murmur. The marriage took place on 2 August 1854 which lasted seven days and was consummated on 10 August.

Abdulmejid first purchased Mustafa Reşid Paşa's palace and waterfront house in Baltalimani at a cost of 250 000 gold liras. He then gave freehold possession of these estates to his daughter Fatma Sultan, leaving the Pasha with a vast fortune to pay for the wedding expenses. Ali Galip Bey was appointed to Pasha's rank and made a member of the Meclis-i Vâlâ (Supreme Court).

The wedding of Fatma Sultan coincided with the most fervent period of the Crimean War. The wedding took place on 7 August 1854 at the Old Çırağan Palace and lasted for seven days. The bridal procession of Fatma Sultan left this palace, and traveled with "pomp and circumstance" partly by land and partly by sea, conveying the bride to Baltalimam Palace. The combined excitement of war and wedding mesmerized the city for days. The many foreigners in Istanbul were also fascinated by the traditional, and to them exotic, ceremony. The meadows in Baltalimani Bay were prepared for festivities and entertainments, and colourful embroidered pavilions erected for the guests. The meadows were thronged with elegantly dressed men and women who arrived in royal coaches, koçu (large carriages) and richly furbished caiques. Wedding banquets were held day after day, as dance troupes and clowns entertained the crowds. Reşid Pasha Palace, which had been converted into suites for the sultan's retinue, and the avenue of trees between the two buildings formed the setting of this magnificent wedding.

The next year she gave birth to a daughter, Cemile Sultan, who died in infancy.

Nuri Pasha

After the death of Ali Galib Pasha in 1858 she married, Nuri Pasha on 24 March 1859. Two children, Sultanzade Mehmed Fuad Bey and Emine Lütfiye Sultan, were born of this marriage. Both of her children died young. Following the dubious conviction and exile to Arabia of her second husband for complicity in the death of Sultan Abdülaziz, Fatma withdrew to her shore side villa.

Abdülaziz Sultan of the Ottoman Empire

Abdülaziz was the 32nd Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and reigned between 25 June 1861 and 30 May 1876. He was the son of Sultan Mahmud II and succeeded his brother Abdulmejid I in 1861.

Death

She died on 29 August 1884 and is buried in the mausoleum of Sultan Murad V at the New Mosque, Istanbul. [3] [4]

Murad V Ottoman Sultan

Murad V (21 September 1840 – 29 August 1904) was the 33rd Sultan of the Ottoman Empire who reigned from 30 May to 31 August 1876.

New Mosque (Istanbul) Mosque in Istanbul

The Yeni Camii, meaning New Mosque; originally named the Valide Sultan Mosque and later New Valide Sultan Mosque after its partial reconstruction and completion between 1660 and 1665; is an Ottoman imperial mosque located in the Eminönü quarter of Istanbul, Turkey. It is situated on the Golden Horn, at the southern end of the Galata Bridge, and is one of the famous architectural landmarks of Istanbul.

Istanbul Metropolitan municipality in Marmara, Turkey

Istanbul, formerly known as Byzantium and Constantinople, is the most populous city in Turkey and the country's economic, cultural and historic center. Istanbul is a transcontinental city in Eurasia, straddling the Bosporus strait between the Sea of Marmara and the Black Sea. Its commercial and historical center lies on the European side and about a third of its population lives in suburbs on the Asian side of the Bosporus. With a total population of around 15 million residents in its metropolitan area, Istanbul is one of the world's most populous cities, ranking as the world's fourth largest city proper and the largest European city. The city is the administrative center of the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality. Istanbul is viewed as a bridge between the East and West.

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References

  1. ↑ Uluçay 2011, p. 218.
  2. ↑ Sakaoğlu 2009, p. 604-5.
  3. ↑ Uluçay 2011, p. 219-20.
  4. ↑ Sakaoğlu 2009, p. 613.

Sources

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