Feline Follies is a 1919 animated short film, distributed by Paramount Pictures. It marked the first appearance of the character Felix the Cat.
Feline Follies is a 1919 animated short film, distributed by Paramount Pictures. It marked the first appearance of the character Felix the Cat.
Felix (at this point known as "Master Tom"), a male black cat, meets a female white cat. He serenades his new love interest, and announces his intention to devote his nine lives to her. Felix's singing wakes up an entire neighborhood. [1]
Later, back at home, a group of mice proceeds to eat all the food in Felix's house. When his owner arrives a little while later and sees scraps of food everywhere, she throws Felix out of the house, not knowing it was the mice who did it.
Now homeless, Felix goes to live with his love interest, only to find out she is the mother (and Felix is not the father) of a large litter of kittens. In reaction, Felix runs towards the local gasworks and commits suicide by intentionally inhaling coal gas.
The film was produced by the Pat Sullivan Studio of New York City, owned by Australian animator Pat Sullivan. It is a matter of dispute whether to attribute the film and Felix's creation to Sullivan himself, or to Otto Messmer, the studio's lead animator. [1] Messmer's claim to have been the sole creator of Felix has parallels in animation history. Ub Iwerks claimed that he created Mickey Mouse, instead of studio owner Walt Disney. Grim Natwick claimed that he created Betty Boop, instead of studio owner Max Fleischer. [1]
In the 1970s interviews, Messmer claimed that the Pat Sullivan Studio was overly busy in 1919. When Paramount Pictures demanded an extra film to be produced, Pat Sullivan did not have enough time to work on it. He reportedly assigned the film's production to Messmer, who served as the film's only animator. Messmer claimed to have created the entire film within his own home, instead of the studio office. [1]
Feline Follies was not the first short film by the Pat Sullivan Studio to feature a black cat as a protagonist. The studio's first cat-themed animated film was The Tail of Thomas Kat (1917), currently a lost film. The earlier's short protagonist was called "Thomas Kat". In Feline Follies, Felix appears under a similar alias: "Master Tom". Black cats were also a recurring element in a film series by the Pat Sullivan Studio, the Charlie or Charley series. The series was based on the screen persona of then-popular actor Charlie Chaplin. A black cat identical in design to Felix in Feline Follies had appeared in promotional materials for the animated short How Charlie Captured the Kaiser (August 1918). The cat was given its own scene in the subsequent short Charlie in the Farm (1919). The main visual gag from this scene was then re-used in Feline Follies. This suggests that Felix may have slowly evolved from these precursors, instead of first appearing in Feline Follies. [1]
Animation historian Gerald Carr has attributed the lettering of Feline Follies to Pat Sullivan, based on similarities with Sullivan's known works. The line art and visual forms of the film were also found to be similar to Pat Sullivan's previous works on comic strips. The dialogue in Feline Follies appears in written form. A litter of kittens uses the term "Mum" for their mother, a spelling more common to Australian English and British English than American English. [1]
Messmer also had a background in comic strips, and he reportedly had a "quite proficient" drawing style, with "well-crafted line work and very convincing volumetric forms". Sullivan's drawing style appeared "rougher" and had a "more angular execution". A number of "incongruous" design features and contrasting design styles in Feline Follies and other early Felix short films may indicate that more than one animator was involved in its production. [1]
The serenade scene of the film was recycling a serenade scene from Charlie in the Farm. Tom's reaction to the prospect of becoming a stepfather was recycled from another scene of the same film. In Charlie in the Farm, a male bird marries. Following the marriage, he discovers that his wife has chicks from a previous relationship. The male bird runs away from his new family. [1]
Feline Follies was released on November 9, 1919, [2] [3] as one of the films in the Paramount Screen Magazine. The initial distributor was the company Famous Players–Lasky (later known as Paramount Pictures). The distribution of the Felix series was subsequently handled by Margaret J. Winkler and by the company Educational Pictures. [4]
Felix the Cat is a cartoon character created in 1919 by Pat Sullivan and Otto Messmer during the silent film era. An anthropomorphic young black cat with white eyes, a black body, and a giant grin, he is often considered one of the most recognized cartoon characters in film history. Felix was the first fully realized animal character in the history of American film animation.
Animated films in the United States date back to at least 1906 when Vitagraph released Humorous Phases of Funny Faces. Although early animations were rudimentary, they rapidly became more sophisticated with such classics as Gertie the Dinosaur in 1914, Felix the Cat, Oswald the Lucky Rabbit, and Koko the Clown.
Marc Anthony and Pussyfoot are animated characters in four Warner Bros. Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies shorts. Three cartoons focus on the dog and kitten pair: Feed the Kitty (1952), Kiss Me Cat (1953) and Cat Feud (1958). They also appear in one Claude Cat cartoon, Feline Frame-Up (1954).
Bray Productions was a pioneering American animation studio that produced several popular cartoons during the years of World War I and the early interwar era, becoming a springboard for several key animators of the 20th century, including the Fleischer brothers, Walter Lantz, Paul Terry, Shamus Culhane and Grim Natwick among others.
Margaret J. Winkler Mintz was a key figure in silent animation history, having a crucial role to play in the histories of Max and Dave Fleischer, Pat Sullivan, Otto Messmer, and Walt Disney. She was the first woman to produce and distribute animated films. Winkler was the subject of a feature film Walt Before Mickey.
Otto James Messmer was an American animator known for his work on the Felix the Cat cartoons and comic strip produced by the Pat Sullivan studio.
Alfred Julius Eugster was an American animator, writer, and film director. He worked for a number of American animation studios, including Fleischer Studios, the Iwerks Studio, Walt Disney Productions, and Famous Studios.
Patrick Peter Sullivan was an Australian-American cartoonist, pioneer animator, and film producer best known for producing the first Felix the Cat silent cartoons.
Joseph Oriolo was an American cartoon animator, writer, director and producer, known as the co-creator of Casper the Friendly Ghost and the creator of the Felix the Cat TV series. He provided the voice of the Italian barber in Gulliver's Travels.
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Felix in Hollywood is an American silent short film featuring Felix the Cat, released on July 15, 1923. The short was named number 50 of The 50 Greatest Cartoons of all time in a 1994 survey of animators and cartoon historians.
Felix the Cat is an American animated television series featuring the cartoon character of the same name.
Henry Mayer, often seen as Hy Mayer in signatures, using the traditional abbreviation for Henry, was a German-American editorial cartoonist, comic artist, children's book illustrator and animator.
This is a complete list of animated films released theatrically starring Felix the Cat.
Sleepy Holler is a 1929 silent animated short film by Winkler Pictures, and stars Krazy Kat. It is the character's last silent film. It is also the last film of the series to be distributed by Paramount Pictures.
Love's Labor Lost is a 1920 short, animated film by Bray Productions and is one of the silent Krazy Kat cartoons. The film's title references a play by William Shakespeare.
Eskimotive is a 1928 animated short film by Pat Sullivan Studios, starring Felix the Cat. The short was originally silent, but was re-released by Copley Pictures, leaving the short with sound and switching production credits from EW Hammons to Jacques Kopstein, the person who provided the music for the short when re-released.
Felix the Cat Trifles with Time is a 1925 animated, black and white, silent short film by Pat Sullivan Studios, featuring Felix the Cat. Produced by E. W. Hammons, it featured the work of the animator Otto Messmer, Hal Walker, Burton Gillett, Dana Parker, and Jack Bogle. It was the first cartoon of the series to be distributed by Educational Pictures.
Julius the Cat is a fictional anthropomorphic cat created in 1922 by Walt Disney and Ub Iwerks. He first appeared in the very first animated series created by Disney, the Alice Comedies, making him the predecessor of Oswald the Lucky Rabbit and Mickey Mouse. Julius is an anthropomorphic cat, appearing intentionally similar to Felix the Cat. A bold and inventive hero, he gradually became the primary focus of the Alice Comedies, to the point Disney abandoned live action for pure animation on subsequent projects.
The Lyin' Hunter is a 1937 short animated film distributed by Columbia Pictures, and part of the Krazy Kat short film series.
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