First 100 Years is a campaign owned and managed by Spark21, a charity registered in England & Wales, set up to celebrate the centenary of women being able to join the legal profession in the United Kingdom and Ireland as a result of Parliament passing the Sex Disqualification (Removal) Act in 1919.
The campaign was initiated by Obelisk Legal Support Solutions, in partnership with The Law Society and the Bar Council [1] but has since received the support of all other professional organisations from the Law Society of Scotland, Chartered Institute of Legal Executives and the Solicitors Regulation Authority, the four Inns of Court. The First 100 Years is a five-year project which seeks to discover the untold stories of pioneering and inspiring women in the legal profession to create a strong and equal future for all those in the legal profession. [2] The project was officially launched in March 2015 [3] and runs to 2020, marking the 100-year anniversary of the Sex Disqualification (Removal) Act 1919 [4] and culminating in the donation of the original material collected and created by the project over its lifetime to the LSE Women's Library in 2020. The project has been the public focal point of the centenary celebrations. [5]
Dana Denis-Smith, CEO and founder of Obelisk Legal Support Solutions, came up with the idea for the project after seeing a particular photograph depicting a lone woman partner standing among male partners in a top law firm. [6] The project was started on International Women’s Day in 2014 and launched officially on 12 March 2015 at House of Lords. [7] Launching the project, Denis-Smith said, “People don’t know their history — who the first woman solicitor was, for instance. There is no archive like the First 100 Years to help us place ourselves in history.” [8]
The campaign initially started as a video project documenting the lives of leading women in law of the last century. Since, it has developed more multimedia work, with its book due to be released in November 2019.
Videos
Running until 2020, the project commissioned almost 100 documentary interviews with past and present leading women in the legal profession including. [9] The interviews have been released throughout the life of the project to help it inform and inspired the legal profession of the contribution of women. All the films are free to the public to watch.
Some of the films released to date are those of the following legal personalities:
The project has been gathering statements and create biographies which depict the journey of women in the law since 1919, with the aim of creating the first digital museum dedicated to the history of women in law. [10] The project aims to create a positive account of the history of women in law, in contrast to the ‘negative narrative of the diversity debate’, [11] and to ‘celebrate the past and change the future of the profession’. [12]
Exhibition
In September 2018, the University of Oxford, Faculty of Law, hosted a decade-by-decade exhibition curated by the project as a print and display touring exhibition. [13] Since then, the exhibition has been touring the UK in various locations to the UK Supreme Court, [14] the Royal Courts of Justice [15] to the University of Leeds, [16] University of Worcester or Winchester's Great Hall [17] Podcasts
In January 2019, First 100 Years launched a series of 10 podcasts, one per month, following the course of the 100 years of women in law in a decade by decade format. [18] [19]
In collaboration with Goldman Sachs and Linklaters, this series of ten podcasts charts the history of women in the legal professions. Progressing decade-by-decade, the podcasts are 45-minute discussions between legal pioneers, historians, academics and legal practitioners based on key themes, including gender stereotypes, the work/life balance and diversity.
"Removing the statutory barrier was just the start: as the podcasts illustrate, women continued to face non-legislative barriers, such as the entrenched sexism and male dominance of the profession, its often trivial objections to women entrants, and the uphill struggle of balancing family life with a career. For example, Nemone Lethbridge, who appears in The Fourth Decade: 1949 – 1959, was the first woman to get tenancy at 3 Hare Court, where she was barred from using from the lavatory: a lock had been installed on the lavatory and each male member given a key, and she was told to use the public toilets in the Kardomah coffee house in Fleet Street." [20]
The podcast series is presented by Lucinda Acland. Lucinda has been a volunteer for First 100 Years since November 2015 and is a qualified lawyer. She has experience of recording voice programmes with the First 100 Years project, at the University of Law and at Obelisk Support.
All episodes are free to access.
Book Marking the centenary of the 1919 Sex Disqualification (Removal) Act, First: 100 Years of Women in Law [21] (Scala Arts & Heritage publishers) tells the story of women in law in their first 100 years of practice. The book is available after 3 November 2019. From early campaigners through to the first women solicitors, barristers, magistrates and judges, the book tells the often untold stories of the pioneers, reformers and influencers who paved the way, revealing the barriers they faced, their challenges and triumphs. It offers a unique insight into how women have made their way in a profession still dominated by men and looks ahead to the prospects for women in law in the next 100 years. The book is co-authored by Lucinda Acland and Katie Broomfield with First 100 Years.
“First 100 Years of Women in Law is a fascinating, beautiful, inspirational and, above all, important portrait of the first century of female empowerment in the legal system. Charting through photographs and historical artefacts the milestones since the Sex Disqualification (Removal) Act 1919 put the first cracks in the glass ceiling of the legal profession, this book offers not only a unique celebration of the progress achieved by women in the law, but a vital reminder of how much work there still is to do.” – The Secret Barrister
“A fascinating and indispensable insight into the female pioneers of the legal profession.” – Caroline Criado-Perez
Brenda Marjorie Hale, Baroness Hale of Richmond,, is a British judge who served as President of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom from 2017 until her retirement in 2020.
Helena Florence Normanton, QC was the first female barrister in the United Kingdom. In November 1922, she was the second woman to be called to the Bar of England and Wales, following the example set by Ivy Williams in May 1922. When she married, she kept her surname and in 1924, she was the first British married woman to have a passport in the name she was born with. In October 2021, Normanton was honoured by the installation of an English Heritage Blue plaque at her London home in Mecklenburgh Square.
The Sex Disqualification (Removal) Act 1919 was an Act of Parliament in the United Kingdom. It became law when it received royal assent on 23 December 1919. The act enabled women to join the professions and professional bodies, to sit on juries and be awarded degrees. It was a government compromise, a replacement for a more radical private members' bill, the Women's Emancipation Bill.
Ethel Rebecca Benjamin was New Zealand's first female lawyer. On 17 September 1897, she became the first woman in the British Empire to appear as counsel in court, representing a client for the recovery of a debt. She was the second woman in the Empire to be admitted as a barrister and solicitor, two months after Clara Brett Martin of Canada.
The Women's Engineering Society is a United Kingdom professional learned society and networking body for women engineers, scientists and technologists. It was the first professional body set up for women working in all areas of engineering, predating the Society of Women Engineers by around 30 years.
Gwyneth Marjorie Bebb, OBE was an English lawyer. She was the claimant in Bebb v. The Law Society, a test case in the opening of the legal profession to women in Britain. She was expected to be the first woman to be called to the bar in England; in the event, her early death prevented that, and Ivy Williams was the first woman to qualify as a barrister in England, in May 1922.
The legal services sector of the United Kingdom is a significant part of the national economy; it had a total output of £22.6 billion in 2013, up from 10.6 billion in 2001, and is equivalent to 1.6% of the country's gross domestic product for that year. The sector has a trade surplus is £3.1 billion in 2013 and directly employees 316,000 people, two-thirds of whom are located outside London. The UK is the world's most international market for legal services. It allows virtually unrestricted access for foreign firms, resulting in over 200 foreign law firms with offices in London and other cities in the UK. Around half of these are US firms, with the remainder mainly from Europe, Australia and Canada. The UK legal market has a strong global position due to the popularity of English law. Some 27% of the world's 320 legal jurisdictions use English Common law.
Obelisk Legal Support Solutions, usually known as Obelisk Support, is an alternative legal service provider of more than 1300 lawyers in London.
Women in law describes the role played by women in the legal profession and related occupations, which includes lawyers, paralegals, prosecutors, judges, legal scholars, law professors and law school deans.
Carol Morrison was the first woman to be admitted as a solicitor in England.
Madge Easton Anderson was a Scottish lawyer. She was the first woman admitted to practise as a professional lawyer in the UK when, in 1920, she qualified as a solicitor in Scotland.
Mary Elaine Sykes was a British solicitor, politician and magistrate. She was one of the first women solicitors in England and Wales. She read English at Royal Holloway College (1914–1917) and law at the University of Leeds (1918–1919). She obtained a BA and LL.B both from the University of London.
Professor Johanne Erica "Jo" Delahunty, is a British barrister, judge, and legal academic. Called to the bar in 1986, she specialises in family law and child protection. She has also been a Recorder since 2009, and was the Gresham Professor of Law from 2016 to 2020.
Mary Harris Smith was an accountant and entrepreneur. She became the first woman to complete the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales qualification but was denied membership because she was a woman. When the Sex Disqualification (Removal) Act was passed in 1919, Harris Smith became the world's first female Chartered Accountant.
Prior to the 20th Century, there were few women in law in the United Kingdom. Prior to the Sex Disqualification (Removal) Act 1919, women were not permitted to practice law in the United Kingdom. By 1931 there were around 100 female solicitors. The first female-only law partnership was founded in 1933. In 2010, a report by The Lawyer found that 22 percent of partners at the UK's top 100 firms were women; a follow-up report in 2015 found that figure had not changed. Since 2014, a number of large corporate firms of solicitors have set gender diversity targets to increase the percentage of women within their partnerships. By 2019, 51% of British solicitors were women.
Lucy Frances Nettlefold OBE aka Nancy Nettlefold was a British company director and local government politician. She and three others took the Law Society to court for defining "person" as "man".
Maud Isabel Ingram became Maud Isabel Crofts was the first British woman to be articled and the first to be a solicitor after a ten-year campaign from 1913 to 1923. Ivy Williams was the first to be called to the bar in 1922.
Nemone Lethbridge is a British barrister and playwright. She was one of Britain's first female barristers.
Sudhanshubala Hazra was an Indian lawyer, who fought a notable case and campaign to enable women in India to enroll as lawyers. She was the adopted daughter of Madhusudhan Das, a lawyer, politician, and Indian independence movement leader, and the sister of noted educator and politician Sailabala Das.
Women In Criminal Law (WICL) is an organisation founded in 2018 to promote and support women in the legal profession, both defence and prosecution. It was founded by Katy Thorne QC following concerns that too few women reached top appointments in law.
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