The flag of Kropyvnytskyi is the city symbol of Kropyvnytskyi, Ukraine and was developed and widely introduced during the last decade of the 20th century.
The flag has two horizontal bands of yellow, of equal width, separated by a central blue band which splits into a horizontal "Y" shape, the arms of which end at the corners of the hoist side (and roughly follow the flag's diagonals). The Y embraces a crimson isosceles triangle containing the golden monogram of Elizabeth, empress of Russia within. The width of the pall makes one fifth of the flag.
In blazons the flag of Kropyvnytskyi can be described as "per pall fesswise Or and gules, a fesswise pall azure."
As most of the Ukrainian municipal flags, the ratio of the flag of Kropyvnytskyi is 1:1. It usually has decorative edging and is hoisted on a staff with a cross-bar. In this case the Ukrainian Heraldry Portal prefers to use the term "khoruhva" (Ukrainian "хоругва") which could be translated in English as "a gonfalon".
The flag of Kropyvnytskyi utilizes the symbols found on the city's historical coats of arms and its current one, particularly the colours (with a switch from red to crimson) and the monogram of Elizabeth, empress of Russia. The blue cross is said to symbolize the junction of three rivers: Inhul, Suhokliya and Bianka in whose vicinity the precursor of the city, Fortress of St. Elizabeth was founded.
The flag was designed by Vitaliy Kryvenko in the 1st half of the 1990s and adopted by the City Hall on February 28, 1996.
The national flag of Aruba was adopted on 18 March 1976, along with the official anthem "Aruba Dushi Tera". The flag was partially designed by vexillologist Whitney Smith. On 18 March Aruba celebrates National Anthem and Flag Day, marked by local events across the island. It is also a significant day as it represents the Kingdom of the Netherlands giving Aruba an autonomous status.
The national flag of South Africa was designed in March 1994 and adopted on 27 April 1994, during South Africa's 1994 general election, to replace the previous flag used from 1928–1994.
Flag terminology is the nomenclature, or system of terms, used in vexillology, the study of flags, to describe precisely the parts, patterns, and other attributes of flags and their display.
The national flag of Poland consists of two horizontal stripes of equal width, the upper one white and the lower one red. The two colours are defined in the Polish constitution as the national colours. A variant of the flag with the national coat of arms in the middle of the white fess is legally reserved for official use abroad and at sea. A similar flag with the addition of a white eagle is used as the naval ensign of Poland.
The national flag of Armenia, also known as the Tricolour, consists of three horizontal bands of equal width, red on the top, blue in the middle, and orange on the bottom. The Armenian Supreme Soviet adopted the current flag on 24 August 1990. On 15 June 2006, the Law on the National Flag of Armenia, governing its usage, was passed by the National Assembly of Armenia.
The national flag of Lithuania consists of a horizontal tricolour of yellow, green, and red. It was adopted on 25 April 1918 during Lithuania's first period of independence (1918–1940), which ceased with the occupation first by the Soviet Union, and then by Nazi Germany (1941–1944). During the post-World War II Soviet occupation, from 1945 until 1988, the Flag of the Lithuanian SSR consisted first of a generic red Soviet flag with the name of the republic, in 1953 that was changed to the red flag with white and green bands at the bottom.
The flag of Spain, as it is defined in the Constitution of 1978, consists of three horizontal stripes: red, yellow and red, the yellow stripe being twice the height of each red stripe. Traditionally, the middle stripe was defined by the more archaic term of gualda, and hence the popular name la Rojigualda (red-weld).
The national flag of Turkmenistan features a white crescent and five stars representing the five regions of the country and the Five Pillars of Islam. Placed upon a green field is a symbolic representation of the country's famous carpet industry. It was introduced as the flag of Turkmenistan on 27 September 1992 to replace the Soviet-era flag which consisted of a red background with two light blue bars in the middle. The modified version with a 2:3 ratio was adopted on 23 January 2001. State Flag and Constitution Day is celebrated on 18 May.
The national flag of Ukraine consists of equally sized horizontal bands of blue and yellow.
In heraldry, a fess or fesse is a charge on a coat of arms that takes the form of a band running horizontally across the centre of the shield. Writers disagree in how much of the shield's surface is to be covered by a fess or other ordinary, ranging from one-fifth to one-third. The Oxford Guide to Heraldry states that earlier writers including Leigh, Holme, and Guillim favour one-third, while later writers such as Edmondson favour one-fifth "on the grounds that a bend, pale, or chevron occupying one-third of the field makes the coat look clumsy and disagreeable." A fess is likely to be shown narrower if it is uncharged, that is, if it does not have other charges placed on it, and/or if it is to be shown with charges above and below it; and shown wider if charged. The fess or bar, termed fasce in French heraldry, should not be confused with fasces.
In heraldry and vexillology, a Canadian pale is a centre band of a vertical triband flag that covers half the length of a flag, rather than a third as in most triband designs. This allows more space to display a central image. The name was suggested by Sir Conrad Swan, Rouge Dragon Pursuivant, and first used by Queen Elizabeth II as Queen of Canada proclaiming the new Canadian flag on 28 January 1965.
The state flag of Tuva in Russia is a light blue field with a white-fimbriated pall of the same color bordering a yellow triangle on the hoist.
The flag of Crimea is the flag of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea in Ukraine and the Republic of Crimea controlled by Russia. The flag was officially adopted on 24 September 1992 as the flag of the Republic of Crimea, readopted on 21 April 1999, then readopted on 4 June 2014 as the flag of the Republic of Crimea, annexed by the Russian Federation.
The flag of the Russian exclave of Kaliningrad Oblast is a rectangle with a ratio of 2:3 divided into three horizontal stripes. The upper stripe is red, a thin yellow stripe in the middle and a dark blue stripe of the same size as the red bar. In the canton is a silver-and-black stylized medieval castle with open gates and the monogram of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna.
The coat of arms of Kropyvnytskyi is one of the city's symbols reflecting its past and the controversies of its history.
A pall in heraldry and vexillology is a Y-shaped charge, normally having its arms in the three corners of the shield. An example of a pall placed horizontally (fesswise) is the green portion of the South African national flag.
The flag of Donetsk has two horizontal stripes with the shield of the city's coat of arms overlaid centrally.
The City of Sydney flag is made up of a horizontal triband of three colours – white, gold and blue. It was designed and adopted in 1908. The top third of the flag features three designs. The flag is displayed in Town Hall, Sydney.
In English-language heraldry, the fillet is considered a diminutive of the chief. It is defined as occupying one fourth the width of the chief and typically positioned at its bottom edge. When so positioned the chief is blazoned as supported by the fillet; but, when the chief is charged by the fillet, as when the fillet positioned at its top edge or middle, the chief is blazoned as surmounted. Another term for the former, supported, is sustained. In French heraldry, terms for this charge are divise and filet en chef. The term chef retrait has also been used. The fillet or divise placed beneath the chief is of a different tincture than the field, evidently to avoid violations of the rule of tincture.