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The graphical user interface is a form of user interface that allows users to interact with electronic devices through graphical icons and audio indicator such as primary notation, instead of text-based user interfaces, typed command labels or text navigation. GUIs were introduced in reaction to the perceived steep learning curve of command-line interfaces (CLIs), which require commands to be typed on a computer keyboard.
Augmented reality (AR) is an interactive experience of a real-world environment where the objects that reside in the real world are enhanced by computer-generated perceptual information, sometimes across multiple sensory modalities, including visual, auditory, haptic, somatosensory and olfactory. AR can be defined as a system that incorporates three basic features: a combination of real and virtual worlds, real-time interaction, and accurate 3D registration of virtual and real objects. The overlaid sensory information can be constructive, or destructive. This experience is seamlessly interwoven with the physical world such that it is perceived as an immersive aspect of the real environment. In this way, augmented reality alters one's ongoing perception of a real-world environment, whereas virtual reality completely replaces the user's real-world environment with a simulated one. Augmented reality is related to two largely synonymous terms: mixed reality and computer-mediated reality.
A web application is application software that runs on a web server, unlike computer-based software programs that are run locally on the operating system (OS) of the device. Web applications are accessed by the user through a web browser with an active network connection. These applications are programmed using a client–server modeled structure—the user ("client") is provided services through an off-site server that is hosted by a third-party. Examples of commonly-used web applications include: web-mail, online retail sales, online banking, and online auctions.
In computing, a zooming user interface or zoomable user interface is a graphical environment where users can change the scale of the viewed area in order to see more detail or less, and browse through different documents. A ZUI is a type of graphical user interface (GUI). Information elements appear directly on an infinite virtual desktop, instead of in windows. Users can pan across the virtual surface in two dimensions and zoom into objects of interest. For example, as you zoom into a text object it may be represented as a small dot, then a thumbnail of a page of text, then a full-sized page and finally a magnified view of the page.
Mission Control is a feature of the macOS operating system. Dashboard, Exposé, and Spaces were combined and renamed Mission Control in 2011 with the release of Mac OS X 10.7 Lion. Exposé was first previewed on June 23, 2003, at the Apple Worldwide Developers Conference as a feature of the then forthcoming Mac OS X 10.3 Panther.
An application program is a computer program designed to carry out a specific task other than one relating to the operation of the computer itself, typically to be used by end-users. Word processors, media players, and accounting software are examples. The collective noun refers to all applications collectively. The other principal classifications of software are system software, relating to the operation of the computer, and utility software ("utilities").
A graphical widget in a graphical user interface is an element of interaction, such as a button or a scroll bar. Controls are software components that a computer user interacts with through direct manipulation to read or edit information about an application. User interface libraries such as Windows Presentation Foundation, GTK, and Cocoa, contain a collection of controls and the logic to render these.
In computer displays, filmmaking, television production, and other kinetic displays, scrolling is sliding text, images or video across a monitor or display, vertically or horizontally. "Scrolling," as such, does not change the layout of the text or pictures but moves the user's view across what is apparently a larger image that is not wholly seen. A common television and movie special effect is to scroll credits, while leaving the background stationary. Scrolling may take place completely without user intervention or, on an interactive device, be triggered by touchscreen or a keypress and continue without further intervention until a further user action, or be entirely controlled by input devices.
A server-side dynamic web page is a web page whose construction is controlled by an application server processing server-side scripts. In server-side scripting, parameters determine how the assembly of every new web page proceeds, including the setting up of more client-side processing.
Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF) is a free and open-source graphical subsystem originally developed by Microsoft for rendering user interfaces in Windows-based applications. WPF, previously known as "Avalon", was initially released as part of .NET Framework 3.0 in 2006. WPF uses DirectX and attempts to provide a consistent programming model for building applications. It separates the user interface from business logic, and resembles similar XML-oriented object models, such as those implemented in XUL and SVG.
A throbber, also known as a loading icon, is an animated graphical control element used to show that a computer program is performing an action in the background. In contrast to a progress bar, a throbber does not convey how much of the action has been completed.
A compositing window manager, or compositor, is a window manager that provides applications with an off-screen buffer for each window. The window manager composites the window buffers into an image representing the screen and writes the result into the display memory.
Cover Flow is an animated, three-dimensional graphical user interface element that was integrated within the Macintosh Finder and other Apple Inc. products for visually flipping through snapshots of documents, website bookmarks, album artwork, or photographs.
User experience design is the process of supporting user behavior through usability, usefulness, and desirability provided in the interaction with a product. User experience design encompasses traditional human–computer interaction (HCI) design and extends it by addressing all aspects of a product or service as perceived by users. Experience design (XD) is the practice of designing products, processes, services, events, omnichannel journeys, and environments with a focus placed on the quality of the user experience and culturally relevant solutions. Experience design is not driven by a single design discipline. Instead, it requires a cross-discipline perspective that considers multiple aspects of the brand, business, environment and experience from product, packaging, and retail environment to the clothing and attitude of employees. Experience design seeks to develop the experience of a product, service, or event along any or all of the following dimensions:
A projection augmented model is an element sometimes employed in virtual reality systems. It consists of a physical three-dimensional model onto which a computer image is projected to create a realistic looking object. Importantly, the physical model is the same geometric shape as the object that the PA model depicts.
TechSmith Corporation is a software company developing screenshooting, screencasting and video editing software, for Windows and macOS, and licensing them to corporations, educational institutions, government agencies and small businesses. The company was founded in Okemos, Michigan in 1987 by William Hamilton. In 1990 they created Snagit, their most popular and best-selling product. TechSmith is now helmed by William Hamilton's daughter, Wendy Hamilton.
HathiTrust Digital Library is a large-scale collaborative repository of digital content from research libraries including content digitized via Google Books and the Internet Archive digitization initiatives, as well as content digitized locally by libraries.
Computer-generated imagery (CGI) is the application of computer graphics to create or contribute to images in art, printed media, video games, simulators, computer animation and VFX in films, television programs, shorts, commercials, and videos. The images may be dynamic or static, and may be two-dimensional (2D), although the term "CGI" is most commonly used to refer to the 3-D computer graphics used for creating characters, scenes and special effects in films and television, which is described as "CGI animation".
A digital newsstand is a digital distribution platform for downloadable newspapers, magazines and journals. Examples include Apple's Newsstand and Google Play Newsstand – both of which have been discontinued – and Amazon Kindle Newsstand. It is an online development of the traditional news stand.
Qubes OS is a security-focused desktop operating system that aims to provide security through isolation. Virtualization is performed by Xen, and user environments can be based on Fedora, Debian, Whonix, and Microsoft Windows, among other operating systems.
References
- ↑ "HathiTrust User's Guide" (PDF). hathitrust.org. HathiTrust. May 2012. p. 8. Retrieved 2019-06-21.
PageTurner is the HathiTrust viewing application. From PageTurner you can [...] view the pages in a number of different ways, including one page image at a time, scrolling, flipping, or thumbnail views, or OCR text versions of page content.
- ↑ Kaplan, Jeff (10 December 2010). "New BookReader!". blog.archive.org. Internet Archive . Retrieved 2019-06-21.
Touch gesture support – swipe to flip pages in two-page mode
- ↑ Penfold, Andy (29 November 2011). "3D Issue launches HTML5 digital mag creator". Mobile Marketing Magazine. Retrieved 2019-06-21.
- ↑ Fisher, Andy (24 August 2009). "50 Best Websites 2009: Issuu". Time Magazine . Retrieved 2019-06-21.
- ↑ Hert, Nanette; Cafolla, Ralph (2001). "Creating multimedia web sites in a flash". In Price, Jerry; Willis, Dee Anna; Davis, Niki; Willis, Jerry (eds.). Proceedings of SITE 2001: Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference. Chesapeake, VA: Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE). pp. 1429–1431. ISBN 9781880094419. OCLC 1063057038.
The basic animation technique used by Flash is page flipping.
- ↑ Liesaputra, Veronica; Witten, Ian H. (August 2009). "Computer graphics techniques for modeling page turning". International Journal on Digital Libraries. 10 (2–3): 93–121. doi:10.1007/s00799-009-0055-3. hdl: 10289/760 .
- ↑ Liesaputra, Veronica; Witten, Ian H. (September 2012). "Realistic electronic books". International Journal of Human–Computer Studies. 70 (9): 588–610. doi:10.1016/j.ijhcs.2012.02.003. hdl: 10289/4739 .
- ↑ Oh, Jeeyun; Robinson, Harold R.; Lee, Ji Young (July 2013). "Page flipping vs. clicking: the impact of naturally mapped interaction technique on user learning and attitudes". Computers in Human Behavior . 29 (4): 1334–1341. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2013.01.011.
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