Former Liberation Movements of Southern Africa

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The Former Liberation Movements of Southern Africa (FLMSA) is a loosely organized regional political international of seven political parties which were involved in the African nationalist movements against colonialism and white-minority rule in Southern Africa. It has its roots in the Frontline States, a loose coalition of African countries from the 1960s to the early 1990s committed to ending apartheid and white minority rule in South Africa and Rhodesia. [1] Its original members are the African National Congress (South Africa), Chama Cha Mapinduzi (Tanzania), FRELIMO (Mozambique), the MPLA (Angola), SWAPO (Namibia), and ZAPU and ZANU–PF (Zimbabwe). [2] In 2019, the Botswana Democratic Party joined the FLMSA. [2] [3]

Contents

Members

PartyAbbreviationCountryEstablishedNational legislature seats
Lower houseUpper house
Flag of the African National Congress.svg African National Congress ANCFlag of South Africa.svg  South Africa 1912
159 / 400
43 / 90
Flag of the Botswana Democratic Party.svg Botswana Democratic Party BDPFlag of Botswana.svg  Botswana 1961
4 / 69
Flag of Chama Cha Mapinduzi.svg Chama Cha Mapinduzi CCMFlag of Tanzania.svg  Tanzania 1977
362 / 393
Flag of FRELIMO (until 2004).svg Liberation Front of Mozambique FRELIMOFlag of Mozambique.svg  Mozambique 1962
184 / 250
Flag of MPLA.svg People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola MPLAFlag of Angola.svg  Angola 1956
124 / 220
Flag of South West Africa People's Organisation.svg SWAPO Party of Namibia SWAPOFlag of Namibia.svg  Namibia 1960
63 / 104
28 / 42
Flag of ZANU-PF.svg Zimbabwe African National Union – Patriotic Front ZANU–PFFlag of Zimbabwe.svg  Zimbabwe 1963
179 / 270
34 / 80

Summits

CityCountryDateRef.
Johannesburg Flag of South Africa.svg  South Africa October 2000 [4]
Harare Flag of Zimbabwe.svg  Zimbabwe 2001 [4]
Johannesburg Flag of South Africa.svg  South Africa 25 November 2008 [5]
Dar es Salaam Flag of Tanzania.svg  Tanzania 4 May 2010 [1] [6]
Windhoek Flag of Namibia.svg  Namibia 11 August 2011 [1] [7]
Pretoria Flag of South Africa.svg  South Africa 6–9 March 2013 [5] [7]
Dar es Salaam Flag of Tanzania.svg  Tanzania October 2013 [8] [9]
Maputo Flag of Mozambique.svg  Mozambique 20 November 2015 [10]
Victoria Falls Flag of Zimbabwe.svg  Zimbabwe 4–8 May 2016 [11]
Flag of Zimbabwe.svg  Zimbabwe December 2017 [12] [13]
Windhoek Flag of Namibia.svg  Namibia 20–22 November 2018 [14]
Victoria Falls Flag of Zimbabwe.svg  Zimbabwe 8–12 September 2019 [15]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 "President in SA for former liberation movements meeting". The Herald. 7 March 2013. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
  2. 1 2 Matanda, Dennis (19 March 2021). "Decoding China's Africa Strategy beyond 2021: A Discussion with Paul Nantulya". The Habari Network. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  3. ↑ "Obert Mpofu attends Botswana Democratic Party congress". Bulawayo24 News. 29 August 2022. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  4. 1 2 Tendi, Blessing-Miles (2010). Making History in Mugabe's Zimbabwe: Politics, Intellectuals, and the Media. Bern: Peter Lang. p. 102. ISBN   978-3-03911-989-9.
  5. 1 2 "Meeting of Former Liberation Movements: 06-09 March 2013". African National Congress. Archived from the original on 4 February 2016. Retrieved 7 January 2022.
  6. ↑ "Summit for Liberation Movements Begins". The Herald. 5 May 2010. Retrieved 7 January 2023– via allAfrica.
  7. 1 2 "NLMs commend Zanu-PF for its leadership". Politicsweb. 10 March 2013. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  8. ↑ Robi, Anne (10 October 2013). "African govts urged to embrace people's interests". Daily News. Archived from the original on 13 October 2013. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  9. ↑ Mataire, Lovemore Ranga (5 December 2015). "Ex-liberation movements rule Southern Africa". The Southern Times. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  10. ↑ "Former liberation movements stress economic cooperation". The Zimbabwean. 22 November 2015. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  11. ↑ Fabricius, Peter (1 February 2018). "A wind of change blows through Southern Africa". Institute for Security Studies. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  12. ↑ Fabricius, Peter (15 December 2017). "When 'democracy' becomes 'regime change'". Institute for Security Studies. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  13. ↑ Nantulya, Paul (30 August 2018). "Grand Strategy and China's Soft Power Push in Africa". WATHI. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  14. ↑ "Namibia to host SADC liberation movements summit | nbc". NBC. 2018. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  15. ↑ "Ramaphosa, Magufuli, Masisi, Geingob, Nyusi, Lourenço and Mnangagwa to attend FLM summit in Vitoria Falls, Zimbabwe". Club of Mozambique. 4 September 2019. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
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