Foundling Hospital, Dublin | |
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Geography | |
Location | Dublin, Republic of Ireland |
Coordinates | 53°20′31″N6°17′45″W / 53.3420°N 6.2958°W |
History | |
Opened | 1704 |
Closed | 1835 |
Dublin Foundling Hospital Act 1798 | |
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Act of Parliament | |
Long title | An Act to authorise the issuing and payment of the sum of £5,000, granted as a further supply for the foundling hospital and workhouse in the city of Dublin. |
Citation | 38 Geo. 3. c. 64 (I) |
Territorial extent | Ireland |
Dates | |
Royal assent | 6 October 1798 |
Commencement | 6 October 1798 |
Repealed | 3 July 1879 |
Other legislation | |
Repealed by | Statute Law Revision (Ireland) Act 1879 |
Status: Repealed |
The Foundling Hospital was a hospital for abandoned children in Dublin, Ireland which was established as part of the South Dublin Union.
The Foundling Hospital of Dublin was opened in 1704 and was likely designed by Thomas Burgh. [1] The front doorcase was in the manner of Michelangelo's Porta Pia in Rome. [2] [3] Between 1798 and 1804, Francis Johnston was involved in designing new structures on the site including a chapel and infirmary as well as embellishing the front with a castellated parapet and cupola. [4]
Firmly established by the mid-18th century, the Foundling Hospital had steadily become a large "baby farming" institution. Two primary objectives of the hospital were to avoid deaths and murders of illegitimate children and to teach the Protestant faith to these children. [5] [6]
No inquiry was made about the parents, and no money was received. [7] A cradle was installed by 1730. [8] Between 1,500 and 2,000 children were received annually. A large income was derived from a duty on coal. [9] In 1822 an admission fee of £5 was charged on the parish from which the child came. This reduced the annual arrivals to about 500. [10]
Child deaths during transport to the hospital or whilst staying in the hospital were not infrequent and would often become the subject of an inquiry. The number of Protestant nurses was usually inadequate with the resulting use of Roman Catholic nurses and occasional consequence of "religious error". [5]
Between 1790 and 1796 some 5,216 infants were sent there, of whom 5,215 died. Between 1796 and 1826 51,150 infants were admitted to the hospital, of whom 41,524 died. [5] In 1829 the select committee on the Irish miscellaneous estimates recommended that no further assistance should be given. [1] Only during the tenure of Lady Arabella Denny and later the other “Ladies Governesses” did the death rate and horrific conditions of the foundling hospital improve. [5] However during its existence the hospital had not preserved life or educated the foundlings. [1] The mortality was nearly 4 in 5, and the total cost climbed to almost £40,000 a year. Accordingly, in 1835 Lord Glenelg (then Irish Secretary) closed the institution. [1] [5]
The hospital was only demolished in the second half of the 20th century to be replaced with buildings within the St James's Hospital campus. [11]
A new children's hospital has been proposed to move the National Children's Hospital from Tallaght University Hospital onto the campus of St. James's Hospital. [12]
Former senator, John Gilroy, said that given the presence of the foundling hospital on the site and the very high death rate, there was a possibility that children might have been buried there. [12] However extensive investigation including the environmental impact study and the site excavation works found no evidence of any graves on the site. [13] [14]
Glasnevin Cemetery is a large cemetery in Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland which opened in 1832. It holds the graves and memorials of several notable figures, and has a museum.
The Foundling Hospital was a children's home in London, England, founded in 1739 by the philanthropic sea captain Thomas Coram. It was established for the "education and maintenance of exposed and deserted young children." The word "hospital" was used in a more general sense than it is in the 21st century, simply indicating the institution's "hospitality" to those less fortunate. Nevertheless, one of the top priorities of the committee at the Foundling Hospital was children's health, as they combated smallpox, fevers, consumption, dysentery and even infections from everyday activities like teething that drove up mortality rates and risked epidemics. With their energies focused on maintaining a disinfected environment, providing simple clothing and fare, the committee paid less attention to and spent less on developing children's education. As a result, financial problems would hound the institution for years to come, despite the growing "fashionableness" of charities like the hospital.
St Patrick's College, often known as St Pat's, was a third level institution in Ireland, the leading function of which was as the country's largest primary teacher training college, which had at one time up to 2,000 students. Founded in Drumcondra, in the northern suburbs of Dublin, in 1875, with a Roman Catholic ethos, it offered a number of undergraduate courses, primarily in primary education and arts, and in time postgraduate courses too, mostly in education and languages.
A foundling hospital was originally an institution for the reception of foundlings, i.e., children who had been abandoned or exposed, and left for the public to find and save. A foundling hospital was not necessarily a medical hospital, but more commonly a children's home, offering shelter and education to foundlings.
St. James's Hospital is a teaching hospital in Dublin, Ireland. Its academic partner is Trinity College Dublin. It is managed by Dublin Midlands Hospital Group.
Sister Irene was an American nun who founded the New York Foundling Hospital in 1869, at a time when abandoned infants were routinely sent to almshouses with the sick and insane. The first refuge was in a brownstone on E.12th St. in Manhattan, where babies could be left anonymously in a receiving crib with no questions asked. The practice was an echo of the medieval foundling wheel and an early example of modern "safe haven" practices.
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Lady Arabella Fitzmaurice Denny (1707–1792) was an Irish philanthropist, and founder of the Magdalen Asylum for Protestant Girls in Leeson Street, Dublin in 1765.
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Human to animal breastfeeding has been practiced in some different cultures during various time periods. The practice of breastfeeding or suckling between humans and other species occurred in both directions: women sometimes breastfed young animals, and animals were used to suckle babies and children. Animals were used as substitute wet nurses for infants, particularly after the rise of syphilis increased the health risks of wet nursing. Goats and donkeys were widely used to feed abandoned babies in foundling hospitals in 18th- and 19th-century Europe. Breastfeeding animals has also been practised, whether for perceived health reasons – such as to toughen the nipples and improve the flow of milk – or for religious and cultural purposes. A wide variety of animals have been used for this purpose, including puppies, kittens, piglets and monkeys.
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St. Loman's Hospital was a psychiatric hospital located in Mullingar, Westmeath in the Midlands of Ireland. The hospital closed on 5 December 2013 following the relocation of St Edna's Ward, which was the only remaining ward in the original Gothic building, to a new building on campus.
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The Mother and Baby Homes Commission of Investigation was a judicial commission of investigation, established in 2015 by the Irish government to investigate deaths and misconduct during the 20th century in mother and baby homes—institutions, most run by Catholic religious nuns, where unwed women were sent to deliver their babies. It was set up following statements that the bodies of up to 800 babies and children may have been interred in an unmarked mass grave in the Bon Secours Mother and Baby Home, located in Tuam, County Galway. Its remit additionally covered investigation into the records of and the practices at an additional thirteen Mother and Baby Homes. The members of the three-person Commission were Judge Yvonne Murphy (chairperson), Dr William Duncan and Professor Mary E. Daly.
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