Freedom and Rights (Libertà e Diritti, LeD), whose complete name is Freedom and Rights – European Socialists (Libertà e Diritti – Socialisti Europei) as a reference to the Party of European Socialists (PES), is a democratic-socialist faction within the Democratic Party (PD), a political party in Italy. Before joining the PD in October 2014, LeD was active mainly as a sub-group within the Mixed Group in the Chamber of Deputies. LeD's leader is Gennaro Migliore.
LeD, described by its members as a "movement" or "association", was launched in July 2014 upon a split from Left Ecology Freedom (SEL), the then-largest party to the left of the PD. Right after the 2014 European Parliament election, fought by SEL within The Other Europe joint list, whose elects decided to sit in the European United Left–Nordic Green Left (GUE/NGL), twelve deputies left the party, citing disagreements with the party's line and being willing to support the Renzi Cabinet. [1] [2] [3] The bulk of the splinters, nine out of twelve, joined forces in LeD [4] [5] [6] (where they were joined by a M5S splinter), [7] while the remaining three joined Renzi's PD. [8]
In October Migliore announced that he and his followers were about to join the PD, [9] [10] thus transforming LeD into a faction of it.
In November eight deputies out of LeD's ten joined the PD's parliamentary group, while the remaining two stayed in the Mixed Group.
The Democratic Party is a social-democratic political party in Italy. The party's secretary is Enrico Letta, who was elected by the national assembly in March 2021, after the resignation of the former leader Nicola Zingaretti, while its president is Valentina Cuppi.
The People of Freedom was a centre-right political party in Italy. The PdL, launched by Silvio Berlusconi on 18 November 2007, was initially a federation of political parties, notably including Forza Italia and National Alliance, which participated as a joint election list in the 2008 general election. The federation was later transformed into a party during a party congress on 27–29 March 2009. The party's leading members included Angelino Alfano, Renato Schifani, Renato Brunetta, Roberto Formigoni, Maurizio Sacconi, Maurizio Gasparri, Mariastella Gelmini, Antonio Martino, Giancarlo Galan, Maurizio Lupi, Gaetano Quagliariello, Daniela Santanchè, Sandro Bondi, and Raffaele Fitto.
The Italian Socialist Party is a social-democratic political party in Italy. The party was founded in 2007–2008 by the merger of the following social-democratic parties and groups: Enrico Boselli's Italian Democratic Socialists, the faction of the New Italian Socialist Party led by Gianni De Michelis, The Italian Socialists of Bobo Craxi, Democracy and Socialism of Gavino Angius, the Association for the Rose in the Fist of Lanfranco Turci, Socialism is Freedom of Rino Formica and some other minor organizations. Until October 2009, the party was known as Socialist Party.
Left Ecology Freedom was a democratic socialist political party in Italy whose bulk was formed by former members of the Communist Refoundation Party.
Rights and Freedom was an Italian political party. It was founded on 22 November 2012 by a splinter group from Italy of Values (IdV). The party's spokesperson was Massimo Donadi, IdV floor leader in the Chamber of Deputies from 2006 to 2012.
Forza Italia is a centre-right political party in Italy, whose ideology includes elements of liberal conservatism, Christian democracy and liberalism. FI is a member of the European People's Party. Silvio Berlusconi is the party's leader and president, while Antonio Tajani functions as vice president and national coordinator. Other leading members include Elisabetta Casellati, as well as ministers Renato Brunetta, Mara Carfagna and Mariastella Gelmini.
New Centre-Right was a centre-right political party in Italy.
For Italy was the name of two centrist and mainly Christian-democratic parliamentary groups active in each house of the Italian Parliament: the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate.
Reformist Area was a social-democratic and democratic-socialist association, which used to be a faction within the Democratic Party (PD), a political party in Italy, before joining Article One.
Solidary Democracy is a centre-left, Christian-leftist political party in Italy. The party's early leader, Lorenzo Dellai has described it as a "Christian-social" party. DemoS is led by Paolo Ciani; several party members, including Ciani himself, hail from the Community of Sant'Egidio.
Great Autonomies and Freedom was a miscellaneous and highly heterogeneous, mainly centre-right, regionalist and Christian-democratic, parliamentary group active in the Italian Senate.
Possible is a left-wing political party in Italy, launched in Rome on 21 June 2015. The party's leader is Giuseppe Civati, a former prominent member of the Democratic Party (PD). Possible's progressive platform is a mixture of social democracy, green politics, social liberalism and elements of participatory democracy.
Future to the Left was a social-democratic political party in Italy. Its leader was Stefano Fassina.
Italian Left is a left-wing political party in Italy. SI was launched in November 2015 as a parliamentary group in the Chamber of Deputies, including Left Ecology Freedom (SEL), dissidents from the Democratic Party like Future to the Left, and splinters from the Five Star Movement. At its launch, SI included 32 deputies, who were soon followed by 8 senators, and 2 MEPs. SI was officially formed as a full-fledged party in February 2017, after SEL had chosen to merge into it in December 2016.
Identity and Action is a conservative political party in Italy, whose membership stretches from Christian democracy to liberal conservatism.
The Progressive Camp was a left-wing political party in Italy.
Article One, officially Article 1 – Democratic and Progressive Movement, is a social-democratic political party in Italy.
Popular Alternative is a Christian-democratic political party in Italy that was founded on 18 March 2017 after the dissolution of New Centre-Right (NCD), one of the two parties that emerged at the break-up of The People of Freedom.
Free and Equal is a left-wing parliamentary group in the Chamber of Deputies and a sub-group in the Senate, the two houses of the Italian Parliament. LeU was launched on 3 December 2017 as a federation of political parties including Article 1, Italian Left and Possible. The leader of the alliance for the 2018 general election was Pietro Grasso, former President of the Senate and former anti-Mafia prosecutor. The three founding parties left the alliance in late 2018, but LeU continued to exist in Parliament. Following the 2021 Italian government crisis, LeU has a single minister in the national unity government of Prime Minister Mario Draghi.
Gennaro Migliore is an Italian politician of the Italia Viva party who has served as a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 2006 until 2008 and again since 2013.