The French Hospital was founded in 1718 in Finsbury on behalf of poor French Protestants and their descendants residing in Great Britain. In the 1860s it moved into the spectacular purpose-built hospital designed by Robert Lewis Roumieu in Victoria Park, Hackney, and then in the 1940s moved out of London to Compton's Lea, Horsham, West Sussex. Since 1959 it has been located in Rochester, Kent and today provides almshouse accommodation for Huguenot descendants.[1]
Affectionately known as La Providence from as early as the 1720s, the hospital for poor French Protestants and their descendants was one of the earliest foundations to improve the welfare of London’s needy immigrants, and one of the first in Britain to provide sympathetic care for the mentally ill.
Golden Acre, Finsbury
The French Hospital in England by Tessa Murdoch and Randolph Vigne The French Hospital, near Old Street, Finsbury (oil on canvas, artist unknown, c. 1860)
In his will proved on 2 December 1708, Jacques de Gastigny, who had been Master of the Hounds to King William III, left £1,000 to improve the pest-house to the north of Old Street in the parish of St Giles without Cripplegate and provide an annual revenue which "shall be employed to ffurnish Bedds, Linnen and Cloths and other necessities of the said poor ffrench Protestants who shall be in the said place".[2] This set in train the establishment of the French Hospital that was to be a forerunner of health and welfare institutions set up in England in the eighteenth century.
Philippe Ménard, executor of Jacques de Gastigny's estate, served as secretary for an appeal to supplement the bequest. The appeal was so successful that the idea grew not merely to build an extension to the Cripplegate pest-house but to build a new hospital building. The French Hospital was incorporated under the Great Seal by letters patent dated 24 July 1718. The corporation chose as its own seal an image of Elijah being fed by the ravens (1 Kings 17:6), with the motto Dominus providebit ("The Lord will provide"). An inventory of the contents of the hospital from 1742 survives.[3]
By the early nineteenth century, the number of inmates of the hospital had fallen and the buildings in Finsbury were in urgent need of restoration. Rather than rebuilding the hospital on its Bath Street site, it was decided to find a new London location.
Victoria Park, Hackney
When the new hospital in Hackney opened in 1865 the Builder claimed it had been modelled on the Château de Chambord.[4] The architect, Robert Lewis Roumieu, who had generously waived his fee for his drawings, was for a while the hospital's treasurer. Besides being a hospital for its sixty inmates, with state-of-the-art equipment, it also consolidated a revival of interest in Huguenot history and achievement and became a repository for Huguenot records and items with a Huguenot tradition.
In 1941 the inmates were evacuated and the French Hospital building was requisitioned as a day nursery for mothers doing war work, although the Court Room and Library were retained. With the growth and consolidation of state health and welfare after the war, the directors decided that the hospital's future lay as an almshouse in a new location. Roumieu's building was sold and became St Victoire School for Girls. In the 1970s the building was part of Cardinal Pole Catholic school. Since 2014 the building has been home to the Mossbourne Victoria Park Academy.[5]
Compton's Lea, Horsham
A fine Victorian house standing in its own ten acres was bought in 1947. But occupancy was too low and the hospital was running at a loss, although the situation was redeemed by revenue from other property owned by the hospital. The idea of "conversion into almshouses of a square of small houses off Rochester High Street" tentatively suggested a few years earlier now found favour at the directors' court of April 1956 and the project "to use Theobald Square as homes for old people" was to proceed.[6]
French Hospital today
La Providence, Rochester
In September 1959 the first nineteen flats on Theobald Square now officially renamed La Providence in the cathedral city of Rochester were filled. The doctor's house at 105 High Street was renumbered 41 La Providence. Today the French Hospital's main duty is still to provide care "for those among us who are in distress".[7]
Successive Earls of Radnor were governors of the hospital from the eighteenth century to 2015.[9]
Huguenot Museum
A new Huguenot Museum, which displays the collections of the French Hospital, was opened on 13 May 2015 in Rochester, Kent, with support from the Heritage Lottery Fund and individual donations.[10]
↑ This has been said in French at every meeting of the court of the French Hospital since September 1718: "Bénis cette maison, que ta Providence a préparée pour nos affligés" [Bless this house that thy good Providence hath prepared for those among us who are in distress]. See Murdoch and Vigne, p. 86.
↑ Layard's "original forenames, Henry Austen, were reversed at the request of his uncle [a solicitor], whose partner and heir Layard hoped to become". See Jonathan Parry, ‘Layard, Sir Austen Henry (1817–1894)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, May 2006 accessed 26 March 2015.
↑ The 8th Earl of Radnor's foreword in Murdoch and Vigne, p. 7.
↑ Website of the Huguenot Museum, Rochester, Kent, not far from the hospital itself.
Further reading
Faber, Reginald Stanley, with an introduction by Arthur Giraud Browning, Bibliothèque de La Providence: Catalogue of the French Hospital, Victoria Park Road, London, 1890, reissued by Kessinger Publishing, 2010 ISBN978-1-167-51459-3
Field Marshal John Ligonier, 1st Earl Ligonier,, was a French Huguenot exile, born Jean Louis de Ligonier in Castres, Southern France. He had a long and distinguished career in the British army and was appointed Commander-in-chief in 1757.
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Edward Hasted was an English antiquarian and pioneering historian of his ancestral home county of Kent. As such, he was the author of a major county history, The History and Topographical Survey of the County of Kent (1778–99).
South Hackney is an area of Hackney in London, England within the Borough of Hackney. It is about 4.2 mi (6.8 km) northeast of Charing Cross.
William Pleydell-Bouverie, 7th Earl of Radnor, was a British peer.
Jacob Pleydell-Bouverie, 8th Earl of Radnor was a British nobleman. He was the son of William Pleydell-Bouverie, 7th Earl of Radnor and Helena Olivia Adeane.
Jacob Pleydell-Bouverie, 6th Earl of Radnor,, styled Viscount Folkestone from 1889 to 1900, was a British Conservative Party politician and a British Army officer.
William Pleydell-Bouverie, 5th Earl of Radnor PC, styled Viscount Folkestone from 1869 to 1889, was a British Conservative politician. He served as Treasurer of the Household under Lord Salisbury between 1885 and 1886 and again between 1886 and 1891.
Jacob Pleydell-Bouverie, 4th Earl of Radnor was a British nobleman and army officer.
William Pleydell-Bouverie, 3rd Earl of Radnor, styled Viscount Folkestone until 1828, was the son of Jacob Pleydell-Bouverie, 2nd Earl of Radnor and the Hon. Anne Duncombe.
Jacob Pleydell-Bouverie, 2nd Earl of Radnor FRS FSA, styled Hon. Jacob Pleydell-Bouverie from 1761 to 1765 and Viscount Folkestone from 1765 to 1776, was a British politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1771 to 1776 when he succeeded to the peerage as Earl of Radnor.
William Bouverie, 1st Earl of Radnor FRS was a British peer, styled Hon. William Bouverie from 1747 until 1761.
Robert Lewis Roumieu otherwise R.L. Roumieu, was a 19th-century English architect whose designs include Milner Square in Islington and an idiosyncratic vinegar warehouse at 33–35 Eastcheap in the City of London. A pupil of Benjamin Dean Wyatt, he worked in partnership with Alexander Dick Gough between 1836 and 1848.
French Hospital may refer to:
St. Mark's Church is the Church of England parish church for the Broadwater Down area of Royal Tunbridge Wells, Kent, England, in the Diocese of Rochester. Built in the 19th-century Gothic Revival style by Robert Lewis Roumieu, it is a Grade II* listed building.
Paul Buissière or Bussière was a French surgeon and anatomist, who settled in England.
Jacques de Gastigny, known in England as James Gastigny, was a French Huguenot who served as Master of the Buckhounds to King William III. Through his will he founded the French Protestant Hospital in Finsbury, London, the first voluntary hospital in England.
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