| History | |
|---|---|
 France | |
| Name | Hazard [note 1] |
| Namesake | Randomness |
| Builder | Bayonne [1] |
| Laid down | October 1787 [1] |
| Launched | January 1788 [1] |
| Commissioned | April 1788 [1] |
| Fate | Wrecked on 28 October 1796 |
| General characteristics Roche, Dicitonnaire des Bâtiments, p.238 | |
| Class and type | Hazard-class brig |
| Displacement | 180 ton (French) |
| Length | 27.3 m (89 ft 7 in) |
| Beam | 7.8 m (25 ft 7 in) |
| Draught | 3.4 m (11 ft 2 in) |
| Armament |
|
Hazard was an 18-gun brig of the French Navy, lead ship of her class.
Hazard was launched in Bayonne in January 1788, and launched in April of the same year. After commissioning, she sailed to Rocheford, from where she departed in a squadron bound for Brest, further composed of the frigates Gracieuse, Néréide and Courageuse, her sister-ships Lutin and Espoir. [1]
In 1790, she cruised off Smyrna and in the Aegean Sea under Lieutenant de Panat, [2] returning from Smyrna to Toulon by way of Methoni. [1]
She later was part of the Middle Eastern station under sub-Lieutenant Mauric. [3] On 16 April 1792, still under Mauric, by then promoted to lieutenant, she cruised from Milo to Toulon, and conducted a mission to Tunis, before returning to Toulon on 21 October. [4] In June 1793, she was at Ajaccio. [5]
On 22 October 1793 Hazard was part of a five-vessel squadron under the command of Jean-Baptiste Perrée. In addition to Mignonne, the squadron included the frigates Melpomene, Minerve, and Fortunée, and Mignonne. They encountered the 64-gun third rate HMS Agamemnon, under the command of Captain Horatio Nelson. Agamemnon and Fortunée engaged in an inconclusive action before the French squadron chose not to pursue the matter and sailed off. [6]
From 11 February 1794, under Lieutenant Racord, she was part of the Villefranche naval station; she returned to Toulon on 26 July. [7]
On 1 March 1795, under the command of Lieutenant Leduc, Hazard cruised in the Ligurian Sea with the squadron of Toulon. She took part in the Battle of Cape Noli, and returned to Toulon on 24 March. [8]
In September 1794, Hazard and sailed in consort with the frigate Alceste, under Captain Perrée, for a commerce raiding cruise in the Mediterranean. [9] The division returned to Toulon on 10 October. [9]
On 25 October 1796, under Lieutenant Bassière, Hazard was wrecked on the shore of Île Saint-Honorat. [10] The court-martial of Lieutenant Bassière for the loss of his ship found him guilty. The court sentenced him to a six-month prison term barred him from all command for three years. [1]
Rear-Admiral Jean-Baptiste Perrée was a French Navy officer who served in the French Revolutionary Wars.
HMS Captain was a 74-gun third-rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, launched on 26 November 1787 at Limehouse. She served during the French revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars before being placed in harbour service in 1799. An accident caused her to burn and founder in 1813. Later that year she was raised and broken up.
Vice-Admiral Honoré Joseph Antoine Ganteaume was a French Navy officer and nobleman. He started his career at sea on East Indiamen, before serving during the American Revolutionary War under Charles Hector, comte d'Estaing and Pierre André de Suffren. During the French Revolutionary Wars, he was promoted to command the 74-gun Trente-et-un Mai, taking part in the Glorious First of June and the Croisière du Grand Hiver.
Pierre-François-Henri-Étienne Bouvet de Maisonneuve was a French Navy officer and privateer.
Sensible was a 32-gun Magicienne-class frigate of the French Navy. The Royal Navy captured her in 1798 off Malta and took into service as HMS Sensible. She was lost in a grounding off Ceylon in 1802.
Sardine was a corvette of the French Navy, launched in 1771. The Royal Navy captured her at the Siege of Toulon but the French retook her when the Anglo-Spanish force retreated. The Royal Navy captured her again in 1796. She then served as HMS Sardine until the Royal Navy sold her in 1806.
The Battle of the Malta Convoy was a naval engagement of the French Revolutionary Wars fought on 18 February 1800 during the Siege of Malta. The French garrison at the city of Valletta in Malta had been under siege for eighteen months, blockaded on the landward side by a combined force of British, Portuguese. and irregular Maltese forces and from the sea by a Royal Navy squadron under the overall command of Lord Nelson from his base at Palermo on Sicily. In February 1800, the Neapolitan government replaced the Portuguese troops with their own forces and the soldiers were convoyed to Malta by Nelson and Lord Keith, arriving on 17 February. The French garrison was by early 1800 suffering from severe food shortages, and in a desperate effort to retain the garrison's effectiveness a convoy was arranged at Toulon, carrying food, armaments and reinforcements for Valletta under Contre-amiral Jean-Baptiste Perrée. On 17 February, the French convoy approached Malta from the southeast, hoping to pass along the shoreline and evade the British blockade squadron.
The French brig Alerte was launched in April 1787. The Royal Navy captured her at Toulon in August 1793, and renamed her HMS Vigilante. The British set her on fire when they evacuated Toulon in December of that year. After the French rebuilt her as Alerte, she served at the Battle of Aboukir Bay. The British recaptured her in June 1799 and took her into service as HMS Minorca. Minorca was sold in 1802.
The French frigate Mignonne was a one-off design by Jean-Baptiste Doumet-Revest; she was launched in 1767 at Toulon. Some notable French captains commanded her before the British captured her at Calvi in 1794 and took her into the Royal Navy as HMS Mignonne. She was burnt in 1797 as useless.
Jean-Léon Émeric was a French naval officer.
Flèche was a French corvette built by Louis-Hilarion Chapelle (cadet) and launched at Toulon, France in 1768. The British captured her at the Fall of Bastia in May 1794 and commissioned her into the Royal Navy under her existing name. She observed the naval Battle of Hyères Islands, but then was wrecked in 1795.
Andromaque was a 32-gun Nymphe-class frigate of the French Navy.
Courageuse was a 12-pounder Concorde class frigate of the French Navy. She was launched in 1778. The British captured her in 1799 and thereafter used her as a receiving ship or prison hulk at Malta before breaking her up in 1802.
Junon was a 40-gun Minerve-class frigate of the French Navy.
The action of 18 June 1799 was a naval engagement of the French Revolutionary Wars fought off Toulon in the wake of the Mediterranean campaign of 1798. A frigate squadron under Rear-admiral Perrée, returning to Toulon from Syria, met a 30-ship British fleet under Lord Keith. Three ships of the line and two frigates detached from the British squadron, and a 28-hour running battle ensued. When the British ships overhauled them, the French frigates and brigs had no choice but to surrender, given their opponents' overwhelming strength.
Salamine was originally the Spanish Navy's Infante 18-gun brig, built in 1787 at Cadiz. The French Navy captured her at Toulon in December 1793 and recommissioned her; they renamed her on 10 May 1798 as Salamine, for the battle of Salamis. On 18 June 1799, HMS Emerald captured her and she was brought into Royal Navy service as HMS Salamine. She served briefly in the Mediterranean, where she captured two French privateers and several merchant vessels before the Royal Navy sold her at Malta in 1802, after the Treaty of Amiens ended the war with France.
Poulette was a French Coquette-class corvette built to a design by Joseph-Marie-Blaise Coulomb and launched in March 1781. She served the French navy until 1793 when the British captured her at Toulon in 1793. She served briefly in the Royal Navy, including at the battle of Genoa in 1795, until she was burned in October 1796 to prevent her falling into French hands.
The action of 24 June 1795 was a minor naval engagement fought in the Western Basin of the Mediterranean Sea on 24 June 1795 during the French Revolutionary Wars. During 1795 the Royal Navy and French Navy Mediterranean Fleets were vying for supremacy in the region, the French operating from the fortified port of Toulon and the British from the allied Spanish base of Port Mahon on Menorca. A minor British victory at the Battle of Genoa in March had not resolved the conflict, both sides suffering damage. The British, under Admiral William Hotham, subsequently withdrew to Menorca to meet a squadron of reinforcements while the French, under Contre-amiral Pierre Martin at Toulon, suffering from ill-discipline, had also been reinforced. By June, both fleets were ready to return to the Ligurian Sea.
The action of 22 October 1793 was a minor naval engagement fought in the Mediterranean Sea during the War of the First Coalition, early in the French Revolutionary Wars. During the engagement a lone British Royal Navy ship of the line, the 64-gun HMS Agamemnon, attacked the French Navy large frigate Melpomène, part of a larger squadron, off the coast of Sardinia. Although Agamemnon chased Melpomène some distance through the night and inflicted significant damage, the French frigate was able to escape following the arrival of the rest of its squadron under Commodore Jean-Baptiste Perrée. The French ships later anchored in Corsican harbours to land reinforcements for the French garrison on the island, where the population was in open revolt.
HMS Melpomene was a 38-gun frigate of the Royal Navy. Originally a French vessel, she was captured at Calvi on 10 August 1794 and first saw British service in the English Channel, where she helped to contain enemy privateering. In October 1798, she chased a French frigate squadron sent to find the French fleet under Jean-Baptiste-François Bompart, that was routed at the Battle of Tory Island and in August 1799, she joined Andrew Mitchell's squadron for the Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland.