The Languedoc, dismasted by the storm the night of the 12th, attacked by HMS Renown the afternoon of 13 August 1778 | |
History | |
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France | |
Namesake | Languedoc |
Builder | Arsenal of Toulon |
Laid down | 1764 |
Launched | 15 May 1766 |
In service | 17 January 1778 |
Renamed |
|
Fate | Broken up 1799 |
General characteristics | |
Class and type | Saint-Esprit class ship of the line |
Displacement | 1754 tonnes |
Length | 59.8 m (196 ft) |
Beam | 14.9 m (49 ft) |
Draught | 7.5 m (25 ft) |
Complement | 670 |
Armament |
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The Languedoc was a 80-gun ship of the line of the French Navy and flagship of Admiral d'Estaing. She was offered to King Louis XV by the Languedoc, as part of the Don des vaisseaux , a national effort to rebuild the navy after the Seven Years' War. She was designed by the naval architect Joseph Coulomb, and funded by a don des vaisseaux donation from the Estates of Languedoc.
Ordered in Toulon, Languedoc took several years to complete due to a lack of timber in the shipyard, already busy building Zélé and Bourgogne, and with the orders for the 74-gun Marseillois and the 64-gun Provence in queue. [1]
In 1773, she was under Apchon. [2]
In 1778, France decided to intervene in the American War of Independence, and the Anglo-French War broke out. Vice-amiral d'Estaing was ordered to take the fleet to the Americas. He set his flag on the Languedoc, after her upgrade to 90 guns. His 12-ship fleet set sail on the 18 April 1778. The fleet reached New York on 8 July 1778, and Languedoc landed the French chargé d'affaires. [3]
On the 10th of August, the French fleet encountered the English fleets of Admirals Howe and Byron. A tempest broke out, and Languedoc lost her rigging and steering. The 50-gun Renown raked her, but she was saved by the timely arrival of a French squadron led by Suffren.
Languedoc was Estaing's flagship for his mission to America, with Boulainvilliers as flag captain. [4] She took part in the Battle of St. Lucia in December 1778. Languedoc then took part in the Capture of Grenada from 2 to 4 July 1779. [5]
Languedoc returned to France, where she was refitted. In 1781, she set sail in the fleet of Admiral de Grasse. She took part in the Battle of the Chesapeake under Parscau du Plessix.
At the Battle of the Saintes, Languedoc was under Captain Arros d'Argelos, and followed the fleet flagship Ville de Paris in the French line of battle. The French fleet was parted in two, and Languedoc retreated, leaving De Grasse to be captured. Languedoc then joined with La Pérouse, and reached Brest on the 28 June 1783. The subsequent inquiry into the battle found Argelos innocent, De Grasse being found ultimately responsible.
Languedoc was refitted and upgraded by engineer Jacques-Noël Sané. On the 5 September 1792, she set sail under Admiral de Latouche Tréville. She took part in the campaign off Italy, and was badly damaged in the tempests of December; from 21 to 23, Scipion had to assist. [6] On the 7 February, she took part in the landing of troops in Sardinia.
She sailed back to Toulon and undertook extensive repairs. Toulon fell to the hands of the English and was retaken by the French. The Languedoc, being deemed unusable, was not destroyed when the English left the city. She was renamed Antifédéraliste at the height of Robespierre's power, and renamed again to Victoire at the Thermidorian Reaction.
As Victoire, under captain Savary, she took part in the campaign off Italy, where she confronted Nelson's squadron. She served off Canada in 1796, returned to France, and was deemed too old to take part in the landing in Ireland.
Victoire was condemned in Brest in 1798 as it is written in her last log. [7]
Ville de Paris was a large three-decker French ship of the line that became famous as the flagship of Admiral De Grasse during the American Revolutionary War.
Bretagne was a large 110-gun three-decker French ship of the line, built at Brest, which became famous as the flagship of the Brest Fleet during the American War of Independence. She was funded by a don des vaisseaux grant by the Estates of Brittany. She was active in the European theatres of the Anglo-French War and of the French Revolutionary Wars, notably taking an important role in the Glorious First of June. Later, she took part in the Croisière du Grand Hiver and was broken up.
The Battle of Fort Royal was a naval battle fought off Fort Royal, Martinique in the West Indies during the Anglo-French War on 29 April 1781, between fleets of the British Royal Navy and the French Navy. After an engagement lasting four hours, the British squadron under Admiral Samuel Hood broke off and retreated. Admiral de Grasse offered a desultory chase before seeing the French convoys safe to port.
The Battle of St. Lucia or the Battle of the Cul de Sac was a naval battle fought off the island of St. Lucia in the West Indies during the American Revolutionary War on 15 December 1778, between the British Royal Navy and the French Navy.
The Fantasque was a Lion-class 64-gun ship of the line of the French Navy. She is famous for being captained by the French commander Pierre-André de Suffren during the American Revolutionary War.
Vengeur du Peuple was a 74-gun ship of the line of the French Navy. Funded by a don des vaisseaux donation from the Chamber of Commerce of Marseille, she was launched in 1766 as the Marseillois.
Triomphant was an 80-gun ship of the line of the French Navy.
Caton was a 64-gun ship of the line of the French Navy, launched in 1777.
The Zélé was a 74-gun ship of the line of the French Royal Navy. She was funded by a don des vaisseaux donation from the Régisseur général des finances.
The Bourgogne was a 74-gun ship of the line of the French Navy. She was funded by a don des vaisseaux donation from the Estates of Bourgogne. She was commissioned in 1772, and served in the squadron of the Mediterranean, with a refit in 1775, and another in 1778.
César was a 74-gun ship of the French Navy. Ordered in the spring of 1767 from the Toulon shipyard, she was launched on 3 August 1768. César saw service in the American War of Independence, during which she was destroyed in the Battle of the Saintes.
The Citoyen was a 74-gun ship of the line of the French Navy, lead ship of her class to a design by Joseph-Louis Ollivier. She was funded by a don des vaisseaux donation from the Bankers and General Treasurers of the Army.
Palmier was a 74-gun ship of the line of the French Navy.
Robuste was an 74-gun ship of the line of the French Navy, built by Antoine Groignard.
Sagittaire was a 50-gun ship of the line of the French Navy.
Georges-François Godefroy Framond de La Framondie was a French Navy officer and aristocrat. He served in the War of American Independence, earning membership in the Society of the Cincinnati.
François-Aymar de Monteil was a French Navy officer. He served in the War of American Independence, earning membership in the Society of the Cincinnati. He was also a member and director of the Académie de Marine.
Louis Guillaume de Parscau du Plessix was a French Navy officer. He served in the War of American Independence, earning membership in the Society of the Cincinnati.
Étienne Marc Antoine Joseph de Grasse-Limermont was a French Navy officer. He took part in the War of American Independence, earning a membership in the Society of Cincinnati. A Royalist, he betrayed France and was an aid to Trogoff when he surrendered Toulon and its fleet to the British. He remained employed by the British until 1814.
Étienne-Joseph de Saint-Germain d'Apchon was a French Navy officer. He served in the War of American Independence, and became a member of the Society of the Cincinnati.