Fructose-bisphosphatase 2

FBP2
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	3IFA, 3IFC, 4HE0, 4HE1, 4HE2, 5ET7, 5ET5, 5ET6
Identifiers
Aliases	FBP2 , fructose-bisphosphatase 2, CORLK
External IDs	OMIM: 603027 MGI: 95491 HomoloGene: 55784 GeneCards: FBP2
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 9 (human)
End	94,593,824 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 13 (mouse)
End	63,006,236 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	biceps brachii; ; vastus lateralis muscle; ; triceps brachii muscle; ; gastrocnemius muscle; ; thoracic diaphragm; ; body of tongue; ; deltoid muscle; ; body of stomach; ; secondary oocyte; ; fundus;
	Top expressed in
	ileum; ; duodenum; ; jejunum; ; morula; ; blastocyst; ; intestinal epithelium; ; intestinal villus; ; Paneth cell; ; left colon; ; crypt of lieberkuhn of small intestine;
	More reference expression data
	n/a
Gene ontology
Molecular function	phosphoric ester hydrolase activity ; catalytic activity ; hydrolase activity ; protein binding ; metal ion binding ; phosphatase activity ; fructose 1,6-bisphosphate 1-phosphatase activity ; identical protein binding ;
Cellular component	cytoplasm ; cell junction ; Z disc ; extracellular exosome ; nucleus ; nucleoplasm ; cytosol ; plasma membrane ;
Biological process	fructose metabolic process ; metabolism ; dephosphorylation ; sucrose biosynthetic process ; fructose 6-phosphate metabolic process ; gluconeogenesis ; fructose 1,6-bisphosphate metabolic process ; carbohydrate metabolic process ;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	8789
	14120
	ENSG00000130957
	ENSMUSG00000021456
	O00757
	P70695
	NM_003837
	NM_007994
	NP_003828
	NP_032020
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Last updated April 11, 2024

Fructose-bisphosphatase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the FBP2 gene. ^[5]

Function

This gene encodes a gluconeogenesis regulatory enzyme which catalyzes the hydrolysis of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate to fructose 6-phosphate and inorganic phosphate.^[6]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase</span> Class of enzymes

The enzyme fructose bisphosphatase (EC 3.1.3.11; systematic name D-fructose-1,6-bisphosphate 1-phosphohydrolase) catalyses the conversion of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate to fructose 6-phosphate in gluconeogenesis and the Calvin cycle, which are both anabolic pathways:

Phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1) is one of the most important regulatory enzymes of glycolysis. It is an allosteric enzyme made of 4 subunits and controlled by many activators and inhibitors. PFK-1 catalyzes the important "committed" step of glycolysis, the conversion of fructose 6-phosphate and ATP to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate and ADP. Glycolysis is the foundation for respiration, both anaerobic and aerobic. Because phosphofructokinase (PFK) catalyzes the ATP-dependent phosphorylation to convert fructose-6-phosphate into fructose 1,6-bisphosphate and ADP, it is one of the key regulatory steps of glycolysis. PFK is able to regulate glycolysis through allosteric inhibition, and in this way, the cell can increase or decrease the rate of glycolysis in response to the cell's energy requirements. For example, a high ratio of ATP to ADP will inhibit PFK and glycolysis. The key difference between the regulation of PFK in eukaryotes and prokaryotes is that in eukaryotes PFK is activated by fructose 2,6-bisphosphate. The purpose of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate is to supersede ATP inhibition, thus allowing eukaryotes to have greater sensitivity to regulation by hormones like glucagon and insulin.

Aldolase A, also known as fructose-bisphosphate aldolase, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ALDOA gene on chromosome 16.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Phosphofructokinase 2</span> Class of enzymes

Phosphofructokinase-2 (6-phosphofructo-2-kinase, PFK-2) or fructose bisphosphatase-2 (FBPase-2), is an enzyme indirectly responsible for regulating the rates of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis in cells. It catalyzes formation and degradation of a significant allosteric regulator, fructose-2,6-bisphosphate (Fru-2,6-P₂) from substrate fructose-6-phosphate. Fru-2,6-P₂ contributes to the rate-determining step of glycolysis as it activates enzyme phosphofructokinase 1 in the glycolysis pathway, and inhibits fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1 in gluconeogenesis. Since Fru-2,6-P₂ differentially regulates glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, it can act as a key signal to switch between the opposing pathways. Because PFK-2 produces Fru-2,6-P₂ in response to hormonal signaling, metabolism can be more sensitively and efficiently controlled to align with the organism's glycolytic needs. This enzyme participates in fructose and mannose metabolism. The enzyme is important in the regulation of hepatic carbohydrate metabolism and is found in greatest quantities in the liver, kidney and heart. In mammals, several genes often encode different isoforms, each of which differs in its tissue distribution and enzymatic activity. The family described here bears a resemblance to the ATP-driven phospho-fructokinases, however, they share little sequence similarity, although a few residues seem key to their interaction with fructose 6-phosphate.

Aldolase B also known as fructose-bisphosphate aldolase B or liver-type aldolase is one of three isoenzymes of the class I fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase enzyme, and plays a key role in both glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. The generic fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase enzyme catalyzes the reversible cleavage of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (FBP) into glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) as well as the reversible cleavage of fructose 1-phosphate (F1P) into glyceraldehyde and dihydroxyacetone phosphate. In mammals, aldolase B is preferentially expressed in the liver, while aldolase A is expressed in muscle and erythrocytes and aldolase C is expressed in the brain. Slight differences in isozyme structure result in different activities for the two substrate molecules: FBP and fructose 1-phosphate. Aldolase B exhibits no preference and thus catalyzes both reactions, while aldolases A and C prefer FBP.

Glucosamine—fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase isomerizing 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the GFPT1 gene.

PFKFB3 is a gene that encodes the 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3 enzyme in humans. It is one of 4 tissue-specific PFKFB isoenzymes identified currently (PFKFB1-4).

6-phosphofructokinase, liver type (PFKL) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PFKL gene on chromosome 21. This gene encodes the liver (L) isoform of phosphofructokinase-1, an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of D-fructose 6-phosphate to D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, which is a key step in glucose metabolism (glycolysis). This enzyme is a tetramer that may be composed of different subunits encoded by distinct genes in different tissues. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2014]

Phosphofructokinase, platelet, also known as PFKP is an enzyme which in humans is encoded by the PFKP gene.

Alpha-1,6-mannosylglycoprotein 6-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase A is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MGAT5 gene.

6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PFKFB2 gene.

Aldolase C, fructose-bisphosphate, is an enzyme that, in humans, is encoded by the ALDOC gene on chromosome 17. This gene encodes a member of the class I fructose-bisphosphate aldolase gene family. Expressed specifically in the hippocampus and Purkinje cells of the brain, the encoded protein is a glycolytic enzyme that catalyzes the reversible aldol cleavage of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate and fructose-1-phosphate to dihydroxyacetone phosphate and either glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate or glyceraldehyde, respectively.[provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Phosphoacetylglucosamine mutase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PGM3 gene.

Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PYCR1 gene.

6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PFKFB1 gene.

Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 3 (GPAT-3) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the AGPAT9 gene. GPAT-3 is also known as:

6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 4 also known as PFKFB4 is an enzyme which in humans is encoded by the PFKFB4 gene.

The TP53-inducible glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR) also known as fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase TIGAR is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the C12orf5 gene.

Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FBP1 gene.

Phosphoglycerate mutase 2 (PGAM2), also known as muscle-specific phosphoglycerate mutase (PGAM-M), is a phosphoglycerate mutase that, in humans, is encoded by the PGAM2 gene on chromosome 7.

References

1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000130957 - Ensembl, May 2017
1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000021456 - Ensembl, May 2017
↑ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ "Entrez Gene: Fructose-bisphosphatase 2" . Retrieved 2018-09-14.
↑ Lee T, Bhushan B, Sochat M (January 2020). first aid for the USMLE Step 1 (Thirtieth ed.). USA: Mc GrawHill. p. 76. ISBN 9781260462043.

Fructose-bisphosphatase 2

Contents

Function

Related Research Articles

References

Further reading