Future videography

Future videography

Future performing during the Summer Sixteen Tour in 2016
Music videos	102 (as a lead artist) 25 (as a featured artist)

American rapper Future has appeared in numerous music videos—as a lead artist, a featured artist, and cameo appearances. His first song to have an official music video was his first single "Tony Montana". Future subsequently starred in the music videos for songs such as "Honest", "Shit", "Move That Dope", "I Won", "Fuck Up Some Commas", "Where Ya At", "Low Life", "Used to This", "Mask Off", "You Da Baddest", "Jumpin on a Jet", "Life Is Good" and "Type Shit".

Music videos

As lead artist

Year	Title	Director	Artist(s)	Album
2011	"Tony Montana"	Jessy Terrero [1]	Future	Pluto
	"No Matter What"	Decatur Dan [2]		Astronaut Status
	"Much More"	Propane [3]		Dirty Sprite
	"Long Time Coming"	Nokey [4]		Pluto
2012	"Magic"	Decatur Dan [1]	Future featuring T.I.
	"Space Cadet"	NoKey Films [5]	Future	Astronaut Status
	"Same Damn Time"	Dr. Teeth [6]		Pluto
	"Same Damn Time" (Remix)	Alex Nazari [7]	Future featuring Diddy and Ludacris
	"Turn on the Lights"	Bryan Barber [8]	Future
	"Straight Up"	Decatur Dan [9]
	"Neva End" (Remix)	Eric White [10]	Future featuring Kelly Rowland	Pluto 3D
2013	"Long Live the Pimp"	Trae tha Truth [11]	Future featuring Trae tha Truth
	"Homicide" (Live)	N/A [12]	Future featuring Snoop Lion
	"My"	Cricket [12]	Future	Honest
	"Honest"	Colin Tilley [13]
	"Shit"	Alex Nazari [14]		Honest (Deluxe Edition)
	"Real and True"	Rankin [15]	Future and Miley Cyrus featuring Mr. Hudson	—
2014	"Move That Dope"	Benny Boom [16]	Future featuring Pharrell, Pusha T, and Casino	Honest
	"Covered N Money"	N/A	Future
	"I Won"	Hype Williams [17]	Future featuring Kanye West
	"Blood, Sweat, Tears"	Samantha Lecca [18]	Future
	"T-Shirt"	Cricket [19]
	"Monster"	Samantha Lecca [20]		Monster
	"Hardly"	Self-directed [21]
2015	"Radical"
	"My Savages"	Cricket [22]
	"Fuck Up Some Commas"	Motion Family [23]		DS2 and Monster
	"Real Sisters"	Spike Jordan [24]		DS2
	"Trap Niggas"	Propane [25]
	"Where I Came From"	Shootrr [26]		Beast Mode
	"Blow a Bag"	Rick Nyce [27]		DS2
	"Kno the Meaning"	Vincent Lou° Film [28]
	"Where Ya At"	Samantha Lecca [29]	Future featuring Drake
	"Blood on the Money"	Rite Brothers [30]	Future
	"The Percocet & Stripper Joint"	Vincent Lou° Film [31]
	"Stick Talk"	Eif Riveira [32]
	"Colossal"	Rick Nyce [33]
	"Rich $ex"	Eif Riveira [34]
2016	"Low Life"	Zac Facts [35]	Future featuring The Weeknd	Evol
	"Wicked"	Grant Singer	Future featuring DJ Esco
	"Used to This"	Eif Rivera [36]	Future featuring Drake
	"Buy Love"	Aaron Klisman [37]	Future
	"That's a Check"	Eif Rivera [38]	Future featuring Rick Ross
2017	"Purple Reign"	The Shooter [39]	Future	Purple Reign
	"Poppin' Tags"	Vincent Lou° Film [40]		Future
	"Super Trapper"	Sam Lecca [41]
	"Draco"	Rite Brothers [42]
	"Use Me"	Nick Walker and Daniel Pappas [43]		Hndrxx
	"Mask Off"	Colin Tilley [44]		Future
	"Pie"	Nick Walker [45]	Future featuring Chris Brown	Hndrxx
	"Extra Luv"	Benny Boom [46]	Future featuring YG	Future
	"Right Now"	The Shooter [47]	Future	data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | —
	"My Collection"	Nick Walker [48]
	"You Da Baddest"	Benny Boom [49]	Future featuring Nicki Minaj	Hndrxx
2018	"Feds Did a Sweep"	Self-directed [50] [51]	Future	Future
	"Absolutely Going Brazy"			—
	"No Shame"	Director X [52]	Future featuring PartyNextDoor	Superfly
	"WiFi Lit" (Stylized in ALL CAPS)	Spike Jordan [53] [54]	Future	Beast Mode 2
	"31 Days"
2019	"Crushed Up"	Spike Jordan and Sebastian Sdaigui [55]		The Wizrd
	"Jumpin on a Jet"	Colin Tilley [56]
	"Rocket Ship"	Uncle Leff [57] [58]
	"Never Stop"
	"Goin Dummi"	Spike Jordan [59]
	"F&N"	Colin Tilley [60]
	"XanaX Damage"	Henri Alexander Levy [61] [62] [63] [64] [65]		Save Me
	"Love Thy Enemies"
	"Government Official"
	"St. Lucia"
	"Please Tell Me"
	"100 Shooters"	Gigi Ben Artzi & Roy Ben Artzi [66]	Future featuring Meek Mill and Doe Boy	High Off Life
	"Last Name"	Marko Steez [67]	Future featuring Lil Durk
2020	"Life Is Good"	Director X [68]	Future featuring Drake	High Off Life
	"Tycoon"	Eif Rivera [69]	Future
	"Hard To Choose One"	Rambino [70]
	"Ridin Strikers"	Eif Rivera [71]
	"Posted with Demons"	DAPS [72]
2021	"Hard for the Next"	Daniel Russell [73]	Moneybagg Yo and Future	A Gangsta's Pain
	"Nobody Special"	DrewFilmedit and Jon J. Visuals [74]	Hotboii and Future	N/A
2022	"Too Easy" (Remix)	N/A [75]	Gunna and Future featuring Roddy Ricch	DS4Ever
	"Worst Day"	DAPS [76]	Future	I Never Liked You
	"Keep It Burnin"	Rick Nyce [77]	Future featuring Kanye West
	"Wait For U"	Director X [78]	Future featuring Drake and Tems
	"Puffin On Zootiez"	Nick Walker [79]	Future
	"Holy Ghost"	Jeff Videoz [80]
	"Love You Better"	N/A
	"I'm Dat Nigga" (Stylized as "I'm Dat N****")	Leff [81]
	"Massaging Me"	Cacy Goat [82]
	"712PM"	Travis Scott [83]
	"Superhero (Heroes & Villains)"	N/A	Metro Boomin, Future, and Chris Brown [a]	Heroes & Villains
2023	"Back to the Basics"	Skeeboe [84]	Future	I Never Liked You
2024	"Type Shit"		Future, Metro Boomin, Travis Scott, and Playboi Carti	We Don't Trust You
	"Young Metro"		Future, Metro Boomin, and The Weeknd
	"We Still Don't Trust You"			We Still Don't Trust You
	"Drink N Dance"		Future and Metro Boomin
	"Streets Made Me a King"
	"Too Fast"		Future	Mixtape Pluto
	"Teflon Don"
	"Told My"
	"Ski"
	"Brazzier"

As featured artist

Year	Title	Director	Artist(s)	Album
2011	"Racks"	R. Malcolm Jones [1]	YC featuring Future
2012	"How Bout That"	Gabriel Hart [85]	B.o.B featuring Future and Trae
	"Ain't No Way Around It" (Remix)	G. Visuals [86]	DJ Drama featuring Future, Big Boi and Young Jeezy
	"Ring Ring"	Dre Films [87]	Rick Ross featuring Future
	"We in This Bitch"	Benny Boom [88]	DJ Drama featuring Future, Young Jeezy, T.I. and Ludacris
	"Way Too Gone"	Taj [89]	Young Jeezy featuring Future
	"I Remember"	Motion Family [90]	Game featuring Future and Young Jeezy
	"I Got That Paper"	Rob Dade [91]	Rob Zoe featuring Future
	"Fuck the World"	Gabriel Hart [92]	Gucci Mane featuring Future
	"Bitches & Bottles (Let's Get It Started)"	Gil Green [93]	DJ Khaled featuring Future, Lil Wayne, T.I. and Ace Hood
2013	"Nobody Knows"	Prime Cut [94]	Juelz Santana featuring Future
	"Bugatti"	Gil Green [95]	Ace Hood featuring Future and Rick Ross
	"Love Me"	Hannah Lux [96]	Lil Wayne featuring Future and Drake
	"Show You"	Colin Tilley [97] [98]	Tyga featuring Future
	"I Wanna Be with You"		DJ Khaled featuring Future, Rick Ross and Nicki Minaj
2015	"Crystal"	Nicolas Noel	Kaaris featuring Future
2017	"My Brothers"	N/A	Ralo featuring Future
	"Everyday"	Chris Marrs Piliero	Ariana Grande featuring Future
	"Cold"	Rich Lee	Maroon 5 featuring Future
	"Frozen Water"	Rollo Jackson	Belly featuring Future
2018	"End Game"	Joseph Kahn	Taylor Swift featuring Ed Sheeran and Future
	"King's Dead"	Dave Free and Jack Begert	Jay Rock featuring Kendrick Lamar, Future and James Blake
	"Top Off"	Jay-Z	DJ Khaled featuring Jay-Z, Future, and Beyoncé
2019	"No Cryin"	N/A [99]	Dvsn featuring Future
2021	"Number 2"	Troy Roscoe and Nayip Ramos [100]	KSI featuring Future and 21 Savage
2025	"99"	Carters Vision [101]	Lil Baby featuring Future

Filmography

Film

Year	Film	Role	Ref.
2016	The Art of Organized Noise	Himself	[102] [103]
2021	The KSI Show	Himself	[104]

Television

Title	Role	Notes	Ref.
The Late Show with Stephen Colbert	Live performer (as self)	Episode from The Late Show with Stephen Colbert from 2019	[105] [106]
2023 MTV Video Music Awards	Live performer (as self)	Television Special, part of series	[107]
The 65th Annual Grammy Awards	Live performer (as self)	Television Special	[108]

Documentaries

Year	Title	Ref.
2019	The Wizrd (Future Documentary)	[109] [110]

Concert films

Year	Film	Role	Notes

Notes

1. Chris Brown does not appear in the songs music video, although his verse is still present.

References

1. "Future". Vevo. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved January 15, 2012.
2. "Future "No Matter What" [Official Video]". www.youtube.com. YouTube. December 14, 2011.
3. "FUTURE - MUCH MORE". vimeo.com. Vimeo. Retrieved December 29, 2011. ^{[self-published]}
4. "FUTURE - LONG TIME COMING". vimeo.com. Vimeo. Retrieved December 29, 2011. ^{[self-published]}
5. Santos, Nate (February 21, 2012). "Video: Future – 'Space Cadet'"". The Source . L. Londell McMillan . Retrieved January 15, 2025.
6. "Video: Future – 'Same Damn Time'". Rap-Up . December 3, 2012. Retrieved April 6, 2012.
7. "Video: Future f/ Diddy & Ludacris – 'Same Damn Time (Remix)'". Rap-Up . December 3, 2012. Retrieved July 22, 2012.
8. "Video: Future – 'Turn On the Lights'". Rap-Up . December 3, 2012. Retrieved July 30, 2012.
9. "Straight Up | Future | Music Video". MTV News . Archived from the original on September 18, 2012. Retrieved September 16, 2012.
10. "Video: Future f/ Kelly Rowland – 'Neva End (Remix)'". Rap-Up . December 3, 2012. Retrieved November 21, 2012.
11. "Future f. Trae Tha Truth "Long Live The Pimp". HipHopDX. Cheri Media Group. February 4, 2013. Retrieved February 4, 2013.
12. "My | Future | Music Video". FutureFanz. Retrieved March 30, 2013.
13. "Video: Future – 'Honest'". Rap-Up.com. Retrieved September 22, 2013.
14. "Video: Future – 'Sh!t'". Rap-Up.com. September 23, 2013. Retrieved December 24, 2013.
15. "Video: Future f/ Miley Cyrus and Mr Hudson – 'Real and True'". Rap-Up.com. Retrieved December 24, 2013.
16. "Future - Move That Dope (2014)". IMVDb. March 6, 2014.
17. "I Won (2014)". imvdb.com. IMVDB. Retrieved April 17, 2014.
18. "Blood, Sweat, Tears (2014)". imvdb.com. IMVDB. June 4, 2014. Retrieved June 4, 2014.
19. "Future - T-Shirt (Official Music Video)". vimeo.com. Vimeo. Retrieved July 21, 2014. ^{[self-published]}
20. "Future - Monster (Official Music Video)". www.youtube.com. October 4, 2014. Retrieved October 4, 2014.
21. "Future - Hardly (Official Video)". www.youtube.com. YouTube. October 27, 2014. Retrieved October 27, 2014.
22. "Future - My Savages". vimeo.com. Vimeo. Retrieved January 25, 2015. ^{[self-published]}
23. Devin. "Video: Future - 'F*ck Up Some Commas'". Rap-Up. Retrieved January 19, 2025.
24. "Rocksmith Presents: Future - Real Sisters (Official Music Video)". www.youtube.com. YouTube. July 8, 2015. Retrieved July 8, 2015.
25. "Future – "Trap Niggas" Video". April 27, 2015.
26. "Future - Where I Came From [Official Video]". www.youtube.com. April 25, 2015. Retrieved April 25, 2015.
27. "Future – "Blow A Bag" Video". July 10, 2015.
28. "Future - Kno The Meaning (Official Music Video)". www.youtube.com. YouTube. July 30, 2015. Retrieved July 30, 2015.
29. "Future - Where Ya At (Official Music Video) ft. Drake". www.youtube.com. YouTube. August 20, 2015. Retrieved August 20, 2015.
30. "Future "Blood On The Money" Video". HotNewHipHop. September 3, 2015.
31. "Future - The Percocet & Stripper Joint (Official Music Video)". www.youtube.com. YouTube. September 17, 2015. Retrieved September 17, 2015.
32. "Video: Future – 'Stick Talk'". Rap-Up.
33. "Watch Future Flaunt the Finer Things In 'Colossal' Video". Billboard.
34. "Future "Rich $ex" Video Starring Blac Chyna". HotNewHipHop. November 19, 2015.
35. Video, New. "Go Behind the Scenes of Future & The Weeknd's 'Low Life' Music Video". Fuse.
36. onsmash (November 3, 2016). "Watch Future & Drake "Used To This" Music Video". OnSMASH.
37. "Future - Buy Love (Official Music Video)". www.youtube.com. YouTube. December 28, 2016. Retrieved December 28, 2016.
38. "Future Brags About His Riches in 'That's a Check' Video Feat. Rick Ross". Billboard.
39. "Future - Purple Reign (Official Video)". www.youtube.com. YouTube. January 10, 2017. Retrieved January 10, 2017.
40. "Future – Poppin' Tags [Music Video]".
41. "Future Is a "Super Trapper" in His Latest Music Video". Highsnobiety. January 14, 2019.
42. "Future Directs A Few Heists In Video For "Draco"". Vibe. February 23, 2017.
43. "Future Drops Reflective 'Use Me' Video". Billboard.
44. "Future - Mask Off (Official Music Video)". www.youtube.com. YouTube. May 5, 2017. Retrieved May 5, 2017.
45. "VIDEO: FUTURE FEAT. CHRIS BROWN – 'PIE'". www.rap-up.com. Rap-Up. Retrieved June 25, 2017.
46. "Future - Extra Luv (Official Music Video) ft. YG". www.youtube.com. YouTube. June 29, 2017. Retrieved June 29, 2017.
47. "Future - Right Now (Official Video)". www.youtube.com. YouTube. June 28, 2017. Retrieved June 28, 2017.
48. "Check out Future's NSFW Video For "My Collection"". hypebeast.com. HYPEBEAST. April 12, 2017. Retrieved July 13, 2017.
49. "Future - You Da Baddest (Official Music Video) ft. Nicki Minaj". www.youtube.com. YouTube. July 27, 2017. Retrieved July 27, 2017.
50. "Future Makes a True Crime Short Film For "Feds Did a Sweep"". www.highsnobiety.com. Highsnobiety. October 12, 2017. Retrieved January 16, 2018.
51. "FUTURE RELEASES NEW SONG & VIDEO "ABSOLUTELY GOING BRAZY"". thesource.com. The Source. March 27, 2018. Retrieved March 27, 2018.
52. "Watch Future and PARTYNEXTDOOR's video for "No Shame"". www.thefader.com. Fader. Retrieved June 3, 2018.
53. "Future - WIFI LIT (Official Music Video)". www.youtube.com. YouTube. August 31, 2018. Retrieved August 31, 2018.
54. "Future - 31 Days (Music Video)". www.youtube.com. YouTube. September 12, 2018. Retrieved September 12, 2018.
55. "Future - Crushed Up". www.youtube.com. YouTube. January 3, 2019. Retrieved January 3, 2019.
56. "Future - Jumpin on a Jet". www.youtube.com. YouTube. January 8, 2019. Retrieved January 8, 2019.
57. "Future - Rocket Ship". www.youtube.com. YouTube. January 22, 2019. Retrieved January 22, 2019.
58. "Future - Never Stop". www.youtube.com. YouTube. February 6, 2019. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
59. "Future - Behind the Scenes of Goin Dummi". www.youtube.com. YouTube. March 22, 2019. Retrieved March 22, 2019.
60. "Future - F&N". www.youtube.com. YouTube. April 26, 2019. Retrieved April 26, 2019.
61. "Future - XanaX Damage". www.youtube.com. YouTube. June 11, 2019. Retrieved June 11, 2019.
62. "Future - Love Thy Enemies". www.youtube.com. YouTube. June 11, 2019. Retrieved June 11, 2019.
63. "Future - Government Official". www.youtube.com. YouTube. June 11, 2019. Retrieved June 11, 2019.
64. "Future - St. Lucia". www.youtube.com. YouTube. June 17, 2019. Retrieved June 17, 2019.
65. "Future - Please Tell Me". www.youtube.com. YouTube. August 12, 2019. Retrieved August 12, 2019.
66. "Future - 100 Shooters ft. Meek Mill, Doe Boy". www.youtube.com. YouTube. Retrieved August 12, 2019.
67. "Future - Last Name (Official Music Video) ft. Lil Durk". www.youtube.com. YouTube. August 22, 2019. Retrieved November 20, 2019.
68. "Future - Life Is Good (Official Music Video) ft. Drake". www.youtube.com. YouTube. January 9, 2020. Retrieved January 10, 2020.
69. Powell, Jon. "Future drops new music video for "Tycoon"". REVOLT. Retrieved January 18, 2025.
70. "Watch Future's video for 'Hard to Choose One'". GRUNGECAKE™. May 19, 2020. Retrieved January 18, 2025.
71. "Future - Ridin Strikers (Official Music Video)". www.youtube.com. YouTube. July 13, 2020. Retrieved July 13, 2020.
72. "Future - Posted With Demons (Official Music Video)". www.youtube.com. YouTube. July 20, 2020. Retrieved July 20, 2020.
73. Schube, Will (March 26, 2021). "Moneybagg Yo Recruits Future For New Song And Video, 'Hard For The Next'". uDiscover Music. Retrieved January 18, 2025.
74. "Hotboii & Future: Nobody Special (Music Video 2021) | Music". IMDb. Retrieved January 18, 2025.
75. "Watch Gunna make it look 'too easy' in latest video featuring Future and Roddy Ricch". GRUNGECAKE™. January 9, 2022. Retrieved January 18, 2025.
76. "Future: Worst Day (Music Video 2022) | Music". IMDb. Retrieved January 19, 2025.
77. "Future & Kanye West Embrace The Dark Side In 'Keep It Burnin' Video". HipHopDX. April 29, 2022. Retrieved January 19, 2025.
78. "Drake Stars as a Knight in Shining Armor in Video for Fut..." Complex. Retrieved January 19, 2025.
79. Powell, Jon. "Future is "PUFFIN ON ZOOTIEZ" in latest visual". REVOLT. Retrieved January 19, 2025.
80. Brown, Preezy (July 11, 2022). "Future Visits Little Havana In "Holy Ghost" Music Video". VIBE.com. Retrieved January 19, 2025.
81. FutureVEVO (September 20, 2022). Future - I'M DAT N**** (Official Music Video) . Retrieved January 19, 2025– via YouTube.
82. FutureVEVO (October 20, 2022). Future - MASSAGING ME (Official Music Video) . Retrieved January 19, 2025– via YouTube.
83. Cho, Regina. "Future drops new "712PM" video directed by Travis Scott". REVOLT. Retrieved January 18, 2025.
84. "Future Welcomes 2023 With "BACK TO THE BASICS" Music Video". Hypebeast. January 3, 2023. Retrieved January 19, 2025.
85. "Video: B.o.B f/ Future & Trae Tha Truth – 'How Bout That'". Rap-Up . Devin Lazerine. January 17, 2012. Retrieved February 4, 2012.
86. "Video: DJ Drama f/ Future, Big Boi, & Young Jeezy – 'Ain't No Way Around It (Remix)'". Rap-Up . Devin Lazerine. February 5, 2012. Retrieved February 6, 2012.
87. "Video: Rick Ross f/ Future – 'Ring Ring'". Rap-Up . Devin Lazerine. April 15, 2012. Retrieved April 16, 2012.
88. "DJ Drama". Vevo. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved May 15, 2012.
89. "Young Jeezy". Vevo. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved May 15, 2012.
90. "Video: Game f/ Future & Young Jeezy – 'I Remember'". Rap-Up . Devin Lazerine. December 14, 2012. Retrieved November 11, 2012.
91. "I Got That Paper (featuring Future) | Rob Zoe | Music Video". MTV . Viacom Media Networks. May 20, 2013. Archived from the original on March 13, 2014. Retrieved August 17, 2013.
92. "Gucci Mane f. Future "Fuck The World". HipHopDX. December 3, 2012. Retrieved October 23, 2012.
93. "Video: DJ Khaled f/ Future, T.I., Lil Wayne, & Ace Hood – 'Bitches & Bottles'". Rap-Up . December 3, 2012. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
94. Martin, Andrew (January 28, 2013). "Video: Juelz Santana f/ Future "Nobody Knows". Complex . Complex Media. Retrieved January 28, 2013.
95. "Video: Ace Hood f/ Future & Rick Ross – 'Bugatti'". Rap-Up . Devin Lazerine. February 7, 2013. Retrieved February 7, 2013.
96. "Love Me featuring Drake & Future | Lil Wayne | Music Video". MTV . Archived from the original on February 15, 2013. Retrieved February 14, 2013.
97. "Video: Tyga f/ Future – 'Show You'". Rap-Up.com. July 24, 2013. Retrieved July 29, 2013.
98. "Video: DJ Khaled f/ Nicki Minaj, Future, & Rick Ross – 'I Wanna Be With You'". Rap-Up.com. October 18, 2010. Retrieved September 3, 2013.
100. "KSI – Number 2 (feat. Future & 21 Savage) [Official Music Video]". July 26, 2021. Retrieved July 27, 2021– via YouTube.
101. Powell, Jon. "Atlanta and Harlem connect for Lil Baby and Future's "99" clip". REVOLT. Retrieved January 18, 2025.
102. The Art of Organized Noize (2016) ⭐ 7.1 | Documentary, Music . Retrieved December 26, 2024– via m.imdb.com.
103. "The Art of Organized Noize". TVGuide.com. Retrieved December 26, 2024.
104. "The KSI Show (2021) Cast and Crew". Moviefone. Retrieved December 26, 2024.
105. The Late Show with Stephen Colbert (January 18, 2019). Future's Favorites . Retrieved December 26, 2024– via YouTube.
106. Blais-Billie, Braudie (January 18, 2019). "Killer Mike Chats, Future Performs on "Colbert": Watch". Pitchfork. Retrieved December 26, 2024.
107. 2023 MTV Video Music Awards (TV Special 2023) ⭐ 5.7 . Retrieved December 26, 2024– via m.imdb.com.
108. The 65th Annual Grammy Awards (TV Special 2023) ⭐ 5.2 | Music . Retrieved December 26, 2024– via m.imdb.com.
109. Blais-Billie, Braudie (January 11, 2019). "Watch Future's New Documentary The WIZRD". Pitchfork. Retrieved December 26, 2024.
110. DRAI’S (January 11, 2019). "Future's 'The WIZRD' Documentary Is out Now". Drai's - The Best Las Vegas Nightclub. Retrieved December 26, 2024.